1、1Unit 1 PaintingReading ActivitiesLead-in 1. Open. 2. Open.Information about famous painters in Lead-in Claude Monet Claude Monet is one of the founders of Impressionism in the late 1860s to early 1870s, and only he upholds the principles and objectives of Impressionism. He is the only person who wi
2、ns the public recognition in his lifetime as an Impressionist painter. Pierre Auguste Renoir Pierre Auguste Renoir (1841-1919) was born in a poor tailors family, in Limoges. He was sent to the porcelain factory to learn the craft when he was young. However, porcelain painting and screen painting cre
3、ated his interests in arts. Out of interest, he went to the art school to learn how to paint, and at the same time he studied sketch at Gleres studio. There, he met Claude Monet, Frdric Bazille, Alfred Sisley .Camille Pissarro Camille Pissarro (1830-1903), French impressionist master, was born in th
4、e Antilles St. Thomas, died in Paris. A year before his death, Gauguin who is far away in Tahiti wrote: “He is my teacher.“ After three years of his death, the father of modern painting, Czanne respectfully signed “Paul Czanne, Pissarro student“ on his catalogue of works of art in an exhibition. Amo
5、ng the masters of the impressionism, Pissarro was the only one who participated in all eight Impressionist exhibitions. Therefore, he was a most steadfast Impressionist artistAlfred Sisley Alfred Sisley (1839-1899) was born in Paris, died in Murray. He and Monet are truly representatives of pure Imp
6、ressionism. Compared with other painters, he painted a little portrait and still life. Most of his works are landscapes, and during his life ,all his works were lack of profound changes.Berthe Morisot Berthe Morisot (1841-1895) is the famous female Impressionist painter.Armand Guillaumin Armand Guil
7、laumin (1841-1927) is the French Impressionist master.Frdric Bazille Frdric Bazille (1841-1870)is the French impressionist painter. Edgar Degas Edgar Degas was born in Paris in 1834. He came from the financial capitalist family, and his grandfather was a painter.Paul Czanne Paul Czanne (18391906) is
8、 a post-impressionist painter.douard Manet douard Manet (1832-1883) was born in Paris. He was a France realism and impressionist painters.Eugne Delacroix Eugne Delacroix (1798 1863), famous France painter Constable, John Constable John Constable (1776-1837), British landscape painter, is the real fo
9、under of the European landscape in 19th century.Bonington Bonington (18011828)is an English painter.William Turner William Turner (1775-1851) is a famous British landscape painter on behalf of academic painters in England in 19th Century.Text A Background KnowledgeOil painting is the process of pain
10、ting with pigments that are bound with a medium of drying oil especially in early modern Europe, linseed oil. Often an oil such as linseed was boiled with a resin such as pine resin or even frankincense; these were called varnishes and were prized for their body and gloss. Other oils occasionally us
11、ed include poppyseed oil, walnut oil, and safflower oil. These oils confer various properties to the oil paint, such as less yellowing or different drying times. Certain differences are also visible in the sheen of the paints depending on the oil. Painters 2often use different oils in the same paint
12、ing depending on specific pigments and effects desired. The paints themselves also develop a particular consistency depending on the medium.Although oil paint was first used in western Afghanistan sometime between the fifth and ninth centuries, it did not gain popularity until the 15th century. Its
13、practice may have migrated westward during the Middle Ages. Oil paint eventually became the principal medium used for creating artworks as its advantages became widely known. The transition began with Early Netherlandish painting in northern Europe, and by the height of the Renaissance oil painting
14、techniques had almost completely replaced tempera paints in the majority of EuropeSurfing the Internet for more reference materialshttp:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_paintingDetailed Study of the Text1. The impressionist style of painting is characterized chiefly by concentration on the general impress
15、ion produced by a scene or object and the use of unmixed primary colors and small strokes to simulate actual reflected light. (para.1) Meaning: The major character of impressionist style of painting is focus on the impression which is produced by a scene or object and the simple basic colors and sma
16、ll strokes which stimulated the actual reflected light. concentration: n. giving all your attention to Examples: His area of concentration is economics. 他专心研究经济学。Chewing gum can assist your concentration. 吃口香糖可以帮助你集中注意力。stroke: n. the movements or marks that you make with it when you are writing or
17、painting Examples: He was putting the finishing stroke to the portrait. 他给这幅画作最后的修饰。She takes a “J“ stroke. 她采用的是钩形划法。simulate: produce something that looks or sounds like it or create them artificiallyExamples: Change color to simulate the background. 改变颜色以模仿得与背景一致。These insects can simulate dead l
18、eaves . 这些昆虫可以伪装成枯叶。2. visible: adj. obvious , clear, distinctExamples: It seems to serve no visible use. 这东西看不出有明显的用途。The shore was barely visible through the fog.在雾里海岸几乎看不见了。3. accentuate: v. emphasize or make more noticeableExamples: The dark frame accentuates the brightness of the picture.深色画框更显
19、出画的明亮色彩。Her short hair accentuated her eyes. 短发使她的大眼睛更加突出。4. Impressionist painting comprises the work produced between about 1867 and 1886by a group of artists who shared a set of related approaches and techniques. (para.2)Meaning: Impressionist painting include these work which created by a group
20、of artists who shared a set of related approaches and techniques between 1867 and prise: v. has something as its parts or membersExamples: Twelve departments comprise this university. 这所大学由 12 个系组成。The jumping and throwing contests comprise the field events. 田赛项目由跳跃类和投掷类项目组成。a set of : 一组，一套Examples
21、: A set of samples is enclosed here.随信附上一套样品。He did not belong to his set of friends.他与他那伙朋友不一样。approach: n. means, way, stepsExamples: His approaches to the problem are wrong. 他处理这个问题的方法是错误的。This approach has many problems. 这条思路有许多问题。5. The most distinct characteristic of Impressionism was an attem
22、pt to accurately and objectively record visual reality in terms of transient effects of light and color.3Meaning: The most obvious feature of Impressionism was an attempt to describe the visual reality precisely and impersonally in the way of brief effects of light and color.distinct: adj. is differ
23、ent or separate from itExamples: Those two ideas are quite distinct.这两个主意完全不同。There is a distinct improvement in your spoken English.你的英语口语有明显的进步。accurately: adv. carefully and exactlyExamples: The article accurately reflects public opinion. 文章如实反映了公众的意见。It is hard to hit the ball accurately. 准确地击中球
24、很难。visual: adj. relating to sight, or to things that you can seeExamples: The film is a visual art. 电影是一种视觉艺术。His designs have a strong visual appeal. 他的设计在视觉上很有感染力。in terms of: 就而言；从方面来说Examples: He referred to your work in terms of high praise. 他对你的工作大加赞扬。He thought of everything in terms of money
25、. 他是从钱的角度来看每一件事。6. principal: adj. first in order of importanceExamples: His principal adversary was David. 他的主要敌手是大卫Our principal problem is lack of time. 我们的主要问题就是缺少时间。7. exhibit: v. put in a public place such as a museum or art gallery so that people can come to look at itExamples: Next week thos
26、e goods will exhibit in that shop.下个星期 , 这些货物将在那家商店展出。She exhibited her paintings at our school.她在我们学校展览绘画。8. for a time: 短时间内，暂时Examples: He was up for a time and then, without warning, despondent again. 他一度兴高采烈, 但忽然又情绪低落下来Miniskirts were popular for a time. 迷你裙曾风靡一时9. This word was used to call “E
27、xposition des Impressionnistes” an exhibit hold in the salons of the photographer Nadar and organized by the“anonymous society of painters, sculptors and engraver”.(para.3) Meaning: An exhibit called “”Exposition des Impressionnistes” was hold in the salons of the photographer Nadar, and it was orga
28、nized by the “anonymous society of painters, sculptors and engraver”. The word impressionist used to call this exhibit.salons : n. a sitting room in a large, grand houseExamples: The cosmetics industry is one of the largest in many countries, and large sums of money go to the owners of beauty salons
29、. 化妆品业是许多国家最大的工业之一，大量的金钱落入了美容院老板的手中He used to attend to his literary salons. 他过去常常去参加他的文学沙龙。photographer: n. someone who takes photographs as a job or hobbyExamples: The photographer retouched her picture. 摄影师对她的照片作了修整。The photographer posed him carefully. 摄影师细心地指点他摆好姿势。anonymous : adj. do not let p
30、eople know who did itExamples: The author chooses to remain anonymous. 作者不署名 .An anonymous author wrote this book. 这本书出自无名氏之手。10. break with: 与.绝交, 结束Examples: They must break with the reactionaries. 他们必须和反对派决裂。I dont hold with the idea to break with John. 我不赞成同约翰绝交。11. The official theory that the
31、color should be dropped pure on the canvas instead of getting mixed on the palette will only be respected by a few of them and only for a couple of years.Meaning: The official theory is that the color should be dropped pure on the canvas instead of getting mixed on the palette. But only a few of the
32、m insisted it for only a couple of years. instead of: (用)代替, ( 是)而不是, (用)而不用Examples: She will go instead of you. 她去而不是你去。He walks slowly instead of quickly. 他走路缓慢, 而不快速。4a couple of: 两个, 几个Examples: We need a couple of boxes of cookies. 我们需要几盒饼干。They walked a couple of miles. 他们步行了几英里。12. qualify:
33、v. have all the features that are needed to be that thingExamples: This certificate qualifies the products.这份证书证明产品合格。His past experience qualified him to handle such a delicate matter.他过去的经验使他能够处理好这件微妙的事情。 13. ignore: vt. pay no attention toExamples: I tried to ignore him. 我尽可能不搭理它。We cannot ignore
34、 such provocations. 对于这种挑衅， 我们不能置之不理。 14. The expressions independents or open air painters may be more appropriate than impressionists to qualify those artists continuing a tradition inherited from Eugne Delacroix, who thought that the drawing and colors were a whole, and English landscape painters
35、, Constable, Boningtonand especially William Turner, whose first law was the observation of nature, as for landscape painters working in Barbizon and in the Fontainebleau forest. Meaning: Those artists continued the tradition which was inherited from Eugne Delacroix, who believed that the drawing an
36、d colors were a whole, and was also inherited English landscape painters, Constable, Boningtonand especially William Turner, whose first law was the observation of nature, as for landscape painters working in Barbizon and in the Fontainebleau forest. The words independents or open air painters are m
37、ore suitable to modify those artists. appropriate: adj. suitable or acceptable for a particular situationExamples: An appropriate context can aid information processing. 一个恰当的背景将有助于信息处理。What are the appropriate methods? 哪些是适当的方法？inherit: vt. receive from someone who has diedExamples: We must inherit
38、 in a critical way. 我们要以批判的方式继承。He inherits 10,000 from his grandfather. 他从祖父那里继承了 10，000 英镑。15. attach to： 使依恋, 把. 放在Examples：All blame must attach to myself. 一切责任应由我本人承担。Please attach labels to the luggage. 请把标签系在行李上。16. mobilize: v. encouraging people to take actionExamples: The troops received o
39、rders to mobilize. 部队接到动员令。He is trying to mobilize all the supporters. 他正在竭力动员所有的支持者。Reference Translation印象派印象派的绘画风格主要以景色或物体所造成的概略印象与使用了未调和过的基色与精细笔触模拟描绘出光影的反射为特色。印象派画作常见的特色是笔触未经修饰，构图宽广无边，尤其着重于光影的改变（特别是时间的影响），并以生活中的平凡事物做为描绘对象。印象主义，法语写成 Impressionnisme，是一种起源于绘画进而扩展至音乐领域的运动,主要发展于 19 世纪末至 20 世纪初的法国。印象
40、派绘画包含了 1867 年到 1886 年间一群使用相关绘画技巧与绘画方式的画家所创作出来的作品。印象派绘画最明显的特征是尝试以一瞬间光影和色彩的交互作用精准且客观的描绘出如视觉所见般的逼真情境。印象派绘画大师克劳德莫奈，皮尔奥古斯塔雷诺瓦，凯密乐皮萨罗，亚尔弗列得西斯雷，波尔西莫尼萨特，阿曼德吉尔劳米恩与弗瑞德瑞克波士雷等人常一起作画，彼此影响，并各自独立的联合展览。爱德格迪杰斯与保罗赛赦内在十九世纪七十年代初也曾以印象派风格作画一段时间,他们的作品在十九世纪六十年代时就大大的影响了印象派绘画的创始人克劳德莫奈与其他团体,莫奈本人则在 1873 年时正式成为印象派画家。印象派这个名词最早在
41、1874 年 4 月 25 日的莎丽瓦里（一本法国杂志）中被路意斯雷洛依提出,虽然在此之前克劳德莫奈已将一幅风景画提名为 scleil levant(印象派)。5这个词用来指印象派画展，这个画展是由画家，雕塑家和版画家组成的匿名社会组织在摄影师纳达的画廊中创办的。印象派社会的创始人最初被驱动鼓舞的原因是为了推翻原有的所谓的正统的艺术。正统艺术理论认为颜料色彩应该以纯色直接涂抹于画布上而非先在调色板上将色彩调和完毕后再画上,然而正统艺术的论调只为少部分印象派画家所采用重视,一两年后就不再受用。事实上,印象主义重于心灵的表现更胜于技巧手法的展现,因此其他许多非画家的艺术家亦可被称作印象主义者。许多
42、诸如此类的印象派画家往往对 1823 年谢弗勒尔所提倡的共时对衬视而不见。 独立与户外艺术家这些形容词可能比印象主义者一词更适于形容定义这一群持续着传承自欧仁德拉克罗瓦-他认为画画与色彩为生命全部,与英国风景画家如康斯太布尔,博宁顿,特别是威廉透纳-他所秉持的第一定律乃为观察自然,是一位专画巴比桑镇与枫丹白露 (在巴黎东南, 有著名的宫殿)森林的风景画家等诸人传统的艺术家。 布丹，里平和荷兰人甬金是这一革新运动的先驱者。1858 年，布丹在洪弗列遇到了当时 15 岁的莫奈。他把莫奈带到了海边，给他颜料并教他如何观察塞纳河上千变万化的光阴。而在同一时间，也有其他艺术家亟欲突破由叶果布札艺术学院所
43、立下的艺术规范，并在苏黎士学院进行绘画创作。在这些艺术家中，从丹麦属西印度群岛来并且是年龄最长者是卡米耶毕沙罗；另外俩位分别是保罗塞尚和阿尔芒德基约曼。 1870 年战争分离了最初的印象派创始者, 弗雷德里克巴齐耶在不纳拉罗兰德被杀死,雷诺瓦被调走,迪结斯自愿参战, 保罗塞尚在普罗旺斯退休,匹萨罗,莫奈,与西斯雷前往伦敦,而在伦敦他们遇见了保罗卢埃尔。停留在伦敦的那段期间成了印象派主义发展时很重要的一个阶段,因为这些年轻的艺术家在那里遇见了他们的第一个销售商并且让他们发现了透纳的画作, 透纳对于光线的解析令他们印象深刻。 当印象派大家卡米耶毕沙罗在 1903 年过世时,所有人都认同此运动乃是
44、20 世纪里主要的艺术革命,而其所有成员也都跻身最佳画家之列。印象派画家所带来的影响远远超出法国,在德国,比利时影响尤为深刻。 Study and PracticeSection A Comprehension of the TextI. Answer the following questions with the information from the passage.1. Characteristics of Impressionist paintings include visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on ligh
45、t in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage of time), ordinary subject matter. 2. The principal Impressionist painters were Claude Monet, Pierre Auguste Renoir, Camille Pissarro, Alfred Sisley, Berthe Morisot, Armand Guillaumin, and Frdric Bazille.3. The word impressio
46、nist was printed for the first time in the Charivari on the 25 April 1874 by Louis Leroy, after Claude Monets landscape entitled Impressions: soleil levant.4. Because these young artists met there their first merchant, and because they discovered Turners paintings, whose light analysis will mark the
47、m. 5. It was the main XIXth century artistic revolution, and that all its members were among the finest painters. The influence of the Impressionists was great out of France, especially in Germany and in Belgium.II. Choose the best answer to each question with the information from the passage.1.C 2.
48、 D 3. A 4.B 5. AIII. Choose the proper words or phrases from the brackets to complete the passage.1.sought 2. personality 3. beyond 4. Unlike5. to 6. universal 7. easy 8. civilizationSection B VocabularyI. Match the definitions in Column B with the words in Column A.1. B 2. A 3.D 4.E 5.CII. Fill in
49、the blanks with the words given below. Change the word form where prised 2.obsivation 3.visibility 4.qualification 5.approach 6.exhibition 7. simulated 8. anonymously 9. limitation 10. visual6Section C Translation I. Translate the following sentence into Chinese.1. 印象派的绘画风格主要以景色或物体所造成的概略印象与使用了未调和过的基色与精细笔触模拟描绘出光影的反射为特色 2. 印象派绘画包含了 1867 年到 1886 年间一群使用相关绘画技巧与绘画方式的画家所创作出来的作品。3. 正统艺术理论认为颜料色彩应该以纯色直接涂抹于画布上而非先在调色板上将色彩调和完毕后再画上,然而正统艺术的论调只为少部分印象派画家所采用重视,一两年后就不再受用
