1、1系统与局部解剖学Menisci 半月板Obturator nerve 闭孔神经Superior mesenteric artery 肠系膜上动脉Hypophysis 垂体Sacral plexus 骶丛Adductor brevis 短收肌Commom peroneal nerve 腓总神经Accessory nerve 副神经Metaphysic 干骺端Tendo calcaneus 跟腱Trabeculae 骨小梁Femoral triangle 股三角Ulnar nerve 尺动脉Great saphenous vein 大隐静脉Secondary portal of live 第二肝
2、门Gastrocnemius 腓肠肌Inguinal triangle 腹股沟三角Celiac trunk 腹腔干Olive 橄榄Arcuate line 弓状线Biceps brachii 肱二头肌Phrenicocolic ligament 膈结肠韧带Cricoid arch 环状软骨Tendinous sheath 腱鞘Sympathic trunk 交感干Cervical plexus 颈丛Venous valve 静脉瓣Subcostal nerve 肋下神经Pharyngeal tonsil 咽扁桃体Thoracic duct 胸导管Coccyx 尾骨Greater curvatu
3、re of stomach 胃大弯Omental bursa 网膜囊Bipolar neuron 双极神经元striated muscle 横纹肌sinus 窦pectoralis magor 胸大肌diaphragm 膈inguinal ligament 腹股沟韧带cauda equnia 马尾medulla oblongata 延髓rigeminal 三叉神经2greater splanchnic nerve 内脏大神经carpal canal 腕管palmar aponeurosis 掌腱膜suspensory ligmant of duodenum 十二指肠悬韧带recot uteri
4、ne pouch 子宫直肠窝popliteal fossa 腘窝costomedia stinal recess 肋纵隔隐窝carotid sheath 颈动脉鞘triangle of ductus arteriosus 动脉导管三角颈部1. Carotid triangle 颈动脉三角2. External jugular vein 颈外静脉。3. Internal jugular vein 颈内静脉： 4. Common carotid artery 颈总动脉5. Carotid sinus 颈动脉窦6. Cervical fascia 劲筋膜7. Vagus nerve 迷走神经8. A
5、ccessory nerve 副神经9. Muscular triangle 肌三角10. Thyroid gland 甲状腺： 11. Superior laryngeal nerve 喉上神经12. Parathyroid glands 甲状旁腺13. Recurrent laryngeal nerve 喉返神经14. Ansa cervicalis 颈袢15. Carotid sheath 颈动脉鞘16. Triangle of vertabral artery 椎动脉三角手部1. Palmar aponneurosis 掌腱膜2. Carpal canal 腕管3. Midpalmar
6、 space 掌中间隙4. Superficial palmar arch 掌浅弓。5. Deep palmar arch 掌深弓6. Thenar space 鱼际间隙7. Tendinous sheaths of fingers 指腱鞘8. Vincula tendinum 腱纽9. Palmar intermediate septum 掌中隔10. Ulnar bursa 尺侧囊11. Radial bursa 桡侧囊臂后区、前臂后区及手背1. Humeromuscular tunnel 肱骨肌管2. Dorsal venous rete of hand 手背静脉网3. Extensor
7、 retinaculum 伸肌支持带3下肢1. Superior gluteal nerve 臀上神经2. Superior gluteal artery 臀上动脉3. Superior gluteal vein 臀上静脉4. Inferior gluteal nerve 臀下神经5. Inferior gluteal artery 臀下动脉6. Inferior gluteal vein 臀下静脉7. Sciatic nerve 坐骨神经8. Internal pudendal artery 阴部内动脉9. Lesser sciatic foramen 坐骨小孔10. Great saphe
8、nous vein 大隐静脉11. Fascia lata 阔筋膜12. Iliotibial tract 髂胫束13. Saphenous hiatus 隐静脉裂孔14. Lacuna musculorum 肌腔隙15. Lacuna vasorum 血管腔隙16. Femoral triangle 股三角17. Femoral sheath 股鞘： 18. Femoral canal 股管： 19. Femoral artery 股动脉20. Femoral nerve 股神经21. Adductor canal（Hunter canal）收肌管22. Adductor tendinous
9、 opening 收肌腱裂孔23. Obturator artery 闭孔动脉24. Obturator nerve 闭孔神经25. Popliteal fossa 腘窝26. Tibial nerve 胫神经27. Common peroneal（fibular） nerve 腓总神经： 28. Popliteal artery 腘动脉29. Superficial peroneal nerve 腓浅神经30. deep peroneal nerve 腓深神经31. saphenous nerve 隐神经32. anterior tibial artery 胫前动脉33. posterior
10、 tibial artery 胫后动脉34. small saphenous vein 小隐静脉35. malleolar canal 踝管胸部1. Costodiaphragmatic recess 肋膈隐窝2. Root of lung 肺根3. Cupula of pleura 胸膜顶：4. Superior mediastinum 上纵隔5. Mediastinum 纵隔46. Azygod vein 奇静脉7. Superior vena cava 上腔静脉8. Aortic arch 主动脉弓9. Arterial ligament 动脉韧带10. Triangle of duct
11、us arteriosus 动脉导管三角11. Thoracic duct 胸导管12. Greater splanchnic nerve 内脏大神经13. Lesser splanchnic nerve 内脏小神经结肠下区：1. suspensory muscle of duodenum（十二指肠悬韧带、十二指肠悬肌）2. major duodenal papilla（十二指肠大乳头）3. hepatic porta vein（肝门静脉）4. hepatopancreatic ampulla（肝胰壶腹）5. superior mesenteric artery（肠系膜上动脉）6. super
12、ior mesenteric vein（肠系膜上静脉）7. ileocecal valve（回盲瓣）8. radix of mesentery（小肠系膜根）9. inferior mesenteric artery（肠系膜下动脉）10. inferior mesenteric vein（肠系膜下静脉）11. vermiform appendix（阑尾）12. colic marginal artery（边缘动脉）腹膜后间隙：1. renal hilum（肾门）2. ureter（输尿管）3. renal pedicle（肾蒂）4. renal fascia（肾筋膜）5. abdominal a
13、orta（腹主动脉）6. inferior vena cava（下腔静脉）7. lumbar sympathetic trunk（腰交感干）8. cisterna chyli（乳糜池）腹前外侧壁1. parietal peritoneum（壁腹膜）2. sheath of rectus abdominis（腹直肌鞘）3. obliquus externus abdominis（腹外斜肌）4. superficial inguinal ring（腹股沟浅环）5. deep inguinal ring（腹股沟深环）6. inguinal ligament（腹股沟韧带7. inferior epig
14、astric artery（腹壁下动脉）8. inguinal triangle（腹股沟三角）9. inguinal canal（腹股沟管）10. transverse fascia（腹横筋膜）5结肠上区1. hepatic pedicle（肝蒂）2. greater omentum（大网膜）3. common bile duct（胆总管）4. calot triangle（卡洛三角，胆囊三角）5. lesser omentum（小网膜）6. hepatoduodenal ligament（肝十二指肠韧带）7. left gastric artery（胃左动脉）8. right gastric
15、 artery（胃右动脉）9. subphrenic space（膈下间隙）10. porta hepatis（肝门）11. celiac trunk（腹腔干）腋窝、臂前区及前臂前区1. acillary fossa（腋窝）2. musculocutaneous nerve（肌皮神经）3. acillary lymph nodes（腋淋巴结）4. clavipectoral fascia（锁胸筋膜）5. trilateral foraman（三边孔）6. quadrilateral foraman（四边孔）7. median nerve（正中神经）8. ulnar nerve（尺神经）9. r
16、adial nerve（桡神经）10. thoracodorsal nerve（胸背神经）11. cubital fossa（肘窝）12. long thoracic nerve（胸长神经）13. axillary sheath（腋鞘）14. cephalic vein（头静脉）15. basilic vein（贵要静脉）16. axillary artery（腋动脉）17. median cubital vein（肘正中静脉）18. median antebrachial vein（前臂正中静脉）19. brachial artery（肱动脉）20.deep brachial artery（
17、肱深动脉）6组织胚胎学Histology 组织学Intercellular substance 细胞间质Basophilia 嗜碱Acidopilia 嗜酸Squamous/columnar epithelium 扁平/ 柱状上皮Connevtive tissue 结缔组织Mesenchyme 间充质Fibroblast 成纤维细胞Macrophage 巨噬细胞Histamine 组胺Leukotriene 白三烯Proteoglycan 蛋白多糖Glycoprotein 糖蛋白Cartilage 软骨Perichondrium 软骨膜Osseous tissue 骨组织Serum 血清Ery
18、throcyte 红细胞Hemolysis 溶血Reticulocyte 网织红细胞Sarcoplasm 肌质Terminal cisternae 终池Intercalated disk 润盘Lipofuscin 脂褐素Dendritic spine 树突棘Axon 轴突Synapse 突触Astrocyte 星形胶质细胞Oilgodendrocyte 少突胶质细胞Microglia 小胶质细胞Myelin sheath 髓鞘Tactile corpuscle 触觉小体Ganglion 神经节Nissl body 尼氏体 Neurofibril 神经原纤维 chemical synapse 化
19、学性突触 lymphoid nodule 淋巴小结 paracortical zone 副皮质区 blood-thymus barrier 血-胸腺屏障 periarterial lymphatic sheath 动脉周围淋巴鞘 7mononuclear phagocytic system 单核吞噬细胞系统 mucous-HCO3- barrier 黏液-碳酸氢盐屏障 small intestinal gland 小肠腺 pancreatic islet 胰岛 hepatic sinusoid 肝血窦 perisinusoidal space 窦周隙blood-air barrier 气血屏障
20、 alveolar septum 肺泡隔 filtration barrier 滤过屏障macula densa 致密斑 spermatogenesis 精子发生blood-testis barrier 血睾屏障primary follicle 初级卵泡secondary follicle 次级卵泡ovulation 排卵 corpus luteum 黄体 macula lutea 黄斑 macula scoustic 位觉斑 blastocyst 胚泡 implantation 植入 neural tube 神经管 placental barrier 胎盘屏障 8生理学Atropine 阿托
21、品Scotopic vision 暗视觉Target organ 靶器官Diapedesis 白细胞渗出Passive transport 被动转运Proprioception 本体感觉Dromotropic action 变传导作用Intropic action 变力作用Chronotropic action 变时作用Expiratory reserve volume 补呼气量Incomplete tetanus 不完全强直Residual volume 残气量Enterokinase 肠激酶Supranormal period 超长期Hyperpolarization 超极化 Tidal
22、volume 潮气量Reabsorption 重吸收Conduction 传导Hypophysis 垂体Stimulation 刺激Tropic hormone 促激素Simple diffusion 单纯扩散Cholinergic neuron 胆碱神经元Transmitter 递质Electrotonic potential 电紧张电位Action potential 动作电位Muscarinic receptor 毒蕈碱受体Polyuria 多尿Catecholamine 儿茶酚胺Feedback regulation 反馈调节Reflex arc 反射弧Atrioventricular
23、 delay 房室延搁Alveolar surfactant 肺表面活性物质Vital capacity 肺活量Pulmonary stretch reflex 肺牵张反射Pulmonary ventilation 肺通气Parasympathetie nerve 副交感神经G protein-coupled recept 蛋白耦联受体Heparin 肝素Sensorimotor area 感觉运动区Functional residual capacit 功能残气量9Tubulo-glomerular feedback 管球反馈Tetrodotoxin 河豚毒Erythropoietin 红细
24、胞生成素Afterload 后负荷Respiration 呼吸Bradykinin 缓激肽Actin 肌动蛋白Troponin 肌钙蛋白Muscle tonus 肌紧张Basal metabolic rate 基础代谢率Kinin 激肽Thyroid hormone 甲状腺素Tendon reflex 腱反射Calcitonin 降钙素Sumpathetic nerve 交感神经Proximal tubule 近端小管Myopia 近视Crystal osmotic pressure 晶体渗透压Resting potential 静息电位Antidiuretic hormone 抗利尿激素Fi
25、ltration fraction 滤过分数Postcapillary resi 毛细血管后阻力血管Patch clamp 膜片钳Cerebrospinal fluid 脑脊液Endocrine 内分泌Internal environment 内环境Endothelin 内皮素Intrinsic factor 内因子 visceral sensation 内脏感觉energy metabolism 能量代谢antiport 逆向转运myxedema 粘液性水肿agglutination 凝集thrombin 凝血酶coagulation factor 凝血因子Pmicturition refl
26、ex 排尿反射paracrine 旁分泌ligand 配体cortisol 皮质醇cortical nephron 皮质肾单位anemia 贫血smooth muscle 平滑肌Q10premature systole 期前收缩pacemaker 起搏点air conduction 气传导airway resistance 气道阻力pneumothorax 气胸referred pain 牵涉痛preload 前负荷retanus 强直收缩glomerulotubular balance 球管平衡depolarization 去极化aldosterone 醛固酮chemokin e 趋化因子a
27、rtificial respiration 人工呼吸circadian rhythm 日节律fusion 融合endocytosis 入胞color blindness 色盲up regulation 上调ejection fraction,EF 射血分数core temperature 深部温度inspiratory capacity,IC 深吸气量nerve impulse 神经冲动neurotransmitter 神经递质neurosecretion 神经分泌neuron 神经元adrenaline 肾上腺素renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system 肾素-
28、血管紧张素- 醛固酮系统glomerular filtration rate,GFR 肾小球滤过率osmotic diuresis 渗透性利尿osmotic pressure 渗透压physiological dead space 生理无效腔growth hormone 生长激素growth hormone releasing hormone,GHRH 生长激素释放激素ghrelin 生长素inactivation 失活rod cell 视杆细胞vision 视觉retina 视网膜visual field 视野cone cell 视锥细胞contractility 收缩能力或收缩性systo
29、le 收缩期systolic pressure 收缩压fertilization 受精11receptor 受体diastole 舒张期diastolic pressure 舒张压water diuresis 水利尿compliance 顺应性elastic resistance 弹性阻力diabetes mellitus 糖尿病glucocorticoi 糖皮质激素conditioned stimulus 条件刺激conditional reflex 条件反射set point 调定点regulation 调节saltatory conduction 跳跃式传导ventilation /pe
30、rfusion ratio 通气-血流比值permeability 通透性symport 同向转运agony 痛苦synapse 突触postsynaptic potential 突触后电位exocrine 外分泌extrinsic pathway 外源性凝血途径peripheral chemoreceptor 外周化学感受器peripheral venous pressure 外周静脉压peripheral resistance 外周阻力complete tetanus 完全性强直收缩arteriole 微动脉venul 微静脉 emicrovillus 微绒毛microcirculatio
31、n 微循环gestation 味觉taste bud 味蕾gastrointestinal hormone 胃肠激素inspiration 吸气absorption 吸收cell membrane 细胞膜membrane receptor 细胞膜受体intracellular fluid 细胞内液extracellular fluid 细胞外液cytokine 细胞因子down regulation 下调hypothalamus 下丘脑fibrin 纤维蛋白relative refractory period 相对不应期digestion 消化12extinction 消退electrocar
32、diogram 心电图cardiac cycle 心动周期cardiac muscle 心肌cardiac reserve 心力储备cardiac output 心输出量cardiacvascular reflex 心血管反射cardiac remodeling 心脏重构cardiac index 心指数metabolism 新陈代谢excitation-contraction coupling 兴奋-收缩偶联pleural cavity 胸膜腔thoracic breathing 胸式呼吸olfaction 嗅觉angiotensin 血管紧张素vasopressin 血管升压素hemogl
33、obin,Hb 血红蛋白plasma 血浆blood volume 血量hemodynamics 血流动力学blood flow 血流量blood-brain barrier 血-脑屏障serum 血清hematocrit 血细胞比容platelet 血小板platelet aggregation 血小板聚集platelet adhesion 血小板黏附blood coagulation 血液凝固blood viscosity 血液粘滞度hemophilia 血友病baroreceptor 压力感受器baroreceptor reflex 压力感受性反射oxyhemoglobin 氧合血红蛋白
34、folic acid 叶酸insulin 胰岛素insulin resistance 胰岛素抵抗acetylcholine,Ach 乙酰胆碱ectopic pacemak er 异位起搏点facilitation 易化stress 应激emergency reaction 应急反应effective refractory period 有效不应期effective filtration pressure 有效滤过压threshold potential 阈电位13threshold stimulus 阈刺激primary active transport 原发性主动转运tropomyosin
35、原肌球蛋白distal tubule 远端小管telecrine 远距分泌hyperopia 远视menstruation 月经menstrual cycle 月经周期permissive action 允许作用motor unit 运动单位carrier 载体hemopoiesis 造血evaporation 蒸发positive nitrogen balance 正氮平衡positive feedback 正反馈hemostasis 止血proton pump 质子泵macula densa 致密斑central venous pressure 中心静脉压neutrophil 中性粒细胞e
36、ndplate potential 终板电位peripheral nervous system 周围神经系统active transport 主动转运cyanosis 紫绀autorhytmicity 自动节律性autocrine 自分泌autoregulation 自身调节14病理学病理学 pathology临床病理讨论会 clinical pathological conference活体组织检查 biopsy尸体剖检 autopsy器官病理学 organ pathology细胞病理学 cellular pathology超微病理学 ultrastructural pathology分子病
37、理学 molecular pathology免疫病理学 immunopathology遗传病理学 genetic pathology损 伤 injury基因突变 gene mutation自 溶 autolysis萎 缩 atrophy自 噬 泡 autophagic vacuoles自噬溶酶体 autolysosmes残 留 体 residual body变 性 degeneration混浊肿胀 cloudy swelling水 变 性 hydropic degeneration空泡变性 vacuolar degeneration脂肪变性 fatty degeneration透明变性 hya
38、line degeneration吞饮作用 pinocytosis纤维素样变性 fibrinoid degeneration粘液样变性 mucoid degeneration粘 液 mucin类 粘 液 mucoid粘液水肿 myxedema淀粉样变 amyloidosis含铁血黄素 hemosiderin胆 红 素 bilirubin脂 褐 素 lipofuscin黑 色 素 melanin病理性钙化 pathological calcification营养不良性钙化 dystrophic calcification坏 死 necrosis核 浓 缩 pyknosis核 碎 裂 karyor
39、rhexis核 溶 解 karyolysis失活组织 devitalize tissue15凝固性坏死 coagulation necrosis干酪性坏死 caseation液化性坏死 liquefaction necrosis溶解坏死 lytic necrosis脂肪坏死 fat necrosis坏 疽 gangrene湿性坏疽 moist gangrene干性坏疽 dry gangrene气性坏疽 gas gangrene机 化 organization代 偿 compensation适 应 adaptation再 生 regeneration修 复 repair肉芽组织 granulat
40、ion tissue瘢痕组织 scar or cicatrix包 裹 encapsulation创伤愈合 wound healing一期愈合 healing by first intention二期愈合 healing by second intention痂下愈合 healing under scab化 生 metaplasia肠上皮化生 intestinal metaplasia充 血 hyperemia淤 血 congestion出 血 hemorrhage淤 点 petechiae淤 斑 ecchymoses血栓形成 thrombsis血 栓 thrombus再 通 recanaliz
41、ation弥漫性血管内凝血 disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC)栓 子 embolus栓 塞 embolism梗 死 infarction贫血性梗死 anemic infarct出血性梗死 hemorrhagic infarct水 肿 edema全身性水肿 anasarca腹 水 ascites胸腔积水 hydrothorax心包腔积液 hydropericardium炎 症 inflammation变 质 alteration16炎症介质 inflammatory mediator血管活性胺 vasoactive amines组 织 胺 histamine5-羟色胺(血清素 ) 5-hydroxytryptamine(serotonin)激 肽 kinin激肽原酶 kallikrein激 肽 原 kininogen缓 激 肽 bradykinin舒血管肽 kallidin补体系统 complement system前列腺素 prostaglandin渗 出 exudation渗 出 液 exudate漏 出 液 transudate
