1、- 1 -现在完成时讲解与练习一、 现在完成时的构成1. 现在完成时结构：主语+助动词 have(has) +动词过去分词 否定句：have/has 后加 not, havent/hasnt一般疑问句：前提 have/has2现在完成时的概念：1) 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。-Have you had your lunch yet?你吃过午饭了吗？-Yes, I have. I have just had it. 是的，我刚吃过。 (现在我不饿了。)I have already posted the photos. 我已经寄过这些照片。(这些照片已不在我这里了。)2) 过去发生
2、的事情，一直持续到现在（其谓语动词多是延续性动词或表示状态的词） 。I havent seen her these days. 近来我一直没见过他。Ive known Li Lei for three years. 我认识李雷已经三年了。They have lived here since 1996. 他们自从 1996 年就住在这儿。She has taught us since I came to this school. 自从我来这所学校，她就教我。3. 现在完成时多与下列时间状语连用：1) 用于“过去发生的事，对现在造成的影响或结果 ”的时间状语有：already(已经 肯定句) ye
3、t(还;尚未否/疑问句) never(从未) ever(曾经疑问句 ) just(刚刚) before(以前) 2) 用于“过去发生的事，一直延续到现在 ”的时间状语有：for + 时间段(for two years)since two years agosince + 时间点 since 2008since he came here.so far(目前 ;迄今为止) up to now=till now=by now 到现在为止；直到现在 by the end of this year 到今年年末 【by the end of 到末/结束】by the end of this month 到
4、本月末during the last (past) few years 在过去的几年中in the last (past) months 在过去的几个月中all the time 总是；一直 recently 最近 these days 近几天 - 2 -3. have(has) been 和 have(has) gone 区分1) have/ has gone (to) 表示某人已经去了某地，人不在这儿。-Where is Jim? He has gone to London. (人不在这儿，已去了 London) 2) have/ has been (to) 表示曾经到过某地，但现在人已回
5、来。I have been to Shanghai twice. 我到过上海两次。 （以前去的上海，现在人已回来）-Where have you been, Jim? 吉姆，你去了哪里？-I have been to the library. 我去了图书馆。3) have/has been in + 地点 (adv. 去 to) 在某处呆过多长时间 (现在还在那里)How long have you been here/there? I have been here/there for 10 years. 你在这里多长时间了？ 我在这里 10 年了。(现在还在)Dashan has been
6、in China since 20years ago. 大山自从 20 年前就在中国。(现在还在)How long have been at this school? I have been here for over two years.你在这所学校多长时间了？ 我在这里两年多了。 (现在还在)【实践】1. _ you ever _ _ Japan?-Not yet! Its such a beautiful city that I hope to go there some day.2. Where is Jimmy?-He _ _ _ the zoo. Hell be back in h
7、alf an hour.3. How long_ you _ _ Sydney?-I _ _ there for 2 months.4. Where is Irene?-She_ _ _ England.-_ she ever _ there before?-Of course. She lived there before she came here.二、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in 2004
8、等。而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在没有任何关系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。- 3 -I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。 （我了解这部电影的内容。 ）I saw the film last week.我上星期看了这部电影.( 只说明上星期看了这部电影,不涉及现在的情况)He has lived here since 1992. 1992 年以来他一直住在这里。 （他现在还住在这里）He lived here in 1992. 1992 年他住在这里。 （不涉及现在他是否还住在这里）把下列句子分别变成否定句、一般疑问句并作回答。1) I have alr
9、eady cleaned the room. 否定句: _ 一般疑问句：_肯定回答：_ 否定回答:_ 2) Jim has never been to Harbin.一般疑问句：_ 肯定回答：_ 否定回答:_ 3)We have lived here since 2 years ago.否定句: _ 一般疑问句：_ 对画线部分提问：_三、用所给词的适当形式填空1. I _(learn) 2000 English words so far.2. The old man _(live) here for 40 years.3. I _(not see) you for ten years.4. _
10、 you _ (sweep) the floor today? It is so dirty.5. _ he _(spend) all his money? Yes, he has.二、短暂性动词与持续性动词 在现在完成时中的运用在现在完成时中, 短暂性动词一般不与时间段连用。即: 不与 for, since 短语或 how long 问句连用。短暂性动词与时间段连用时，要转化成表示状态的词或短语。 leavebe away (from) 离开1. She _ (leave) home last week.2. She has already_ (leave) home.- 4 -3. She
11、_ home for a week.A. has left B. left C. has been away D. has been away from4. How long has she _ home?A. left B. leaved C. been away from die v. be dead adj. 死亡 1. The old man is_ . He_ ten years ago.2. He has_ for ten years. (die/dead 填空)3. ( ) How long has he_ ?A. died B. been dead C. die D. been
12、 die joinbe in /be a member of 加入/ 成为 join the League 入团 join the Party 入党 join the army 参军A: When did Zhao Lin _ the League? B: He_ the League last year. He has _the League for one year. borrow/lendkeep 借用1. A: I_ a book from the library yesterday. B: How long _ you_ it?A: I can _ it for a week.2.
13、He _ the dictionary since last week.A. borrowed B. has borrowed C. has kept D. kept buyhave 买1. A: 我 买了 一辆自行车。 I _ _a bike.B: 你买了多长时间了？How long _ you _ it?A: 我上个月买的。I _ it last month.2. I _ this pair of skates for two years.A. have bought B. have had C. bought D. had begin/startbe on 开始 The movie _
14、(start) half an hour ago. It _ for thirty minutes. openbe open 开始/开业A: When did the factory _? B: It _ ten years ago. A: How long has it _?B: It has _ for ten years. closebe closed 关闭/停产 A: When did the shop_?B: It _ a month ago.A: How long has it _.- 5 -B: It has _ for a month. arrive/comebe in /at
15、 到达 arrive in/at. 到达，抵达 come to. 来到1) A: When did you _ in Shanghai?B: I _ here last week.A: How long have you _ _ Shanghai?B: I have _ here for a week.2) I_ to this school last year. I have_ _ this school for a year. get a cold/ catch a cold-have a cold 感冒 (用 get catch have 适当形式填空)1. I _/_ a cold l
16、ast week. And Im not feeling well now. So I _ a cold for a week.2. I _ a cold since last week.A. have got B. have caught C. have had D. got练习：1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they _whats happened to him . . knew . have known . must know .will know 2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .
17、never .ever . still 3、Have you met Mr Li _？ . just . ago .before . a moment ago 4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year. is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; b
18、etter . changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . s
19、aw .see 9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ? . will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? - 6 -Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finis
20、h 11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . . joined . has joined . was in . has been in 12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made 13、How long have you _ here ? About two months . . been . gone . come . arrived 14、Hurry up! The play
21、 _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on. began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . . is . has . will . was 16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . .has gone . went .will go . has been 17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in . have been to .
22、 have gone to . have been 18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they 19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His uncle for more than 9 year
23、s. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university 一、单项选择。 1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是。 - 7 -2、现在完成时常与 already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet （仍然）等连用。故
24、 2 应选 B。 3、C 4、现在完成时常与 recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故 4 应选 D。 5、C 6、现在完成时时常与 “for +时间段或 since +过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故 6 应选 C。 7、C 8、现在完成时还与 once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故 8 应选B。 9、现在完成时
25、与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如 yesterday , last week , a moment ago 等）连用。故 9 的正确答案为 B。 - 8 -10、B 11、现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与 for 和 since 引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故 11 的正确答案依次为：D。 12、B 13、A 14、C 15、A。 16、“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has been to +地点”表示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。”故 16 的正确答案为 A。 17、A 18、D 19、C 20、C
