1、 手机版、网页版、单机版 三位一体多平台学习模式职称英语考试卫生类历年真题【 天宇考王 】 为广大考生归纳总结职称外语最新考试资讯，让考生最先了解职称外语考试报名等有关事项的通知，天宇考王是一款上机练习题库软件，有单机版、网页版、手机版、三位一体多平台学习模式。补全短文阅读下面的短文，每篇短文后的练习分两部分，第一部分要求从所给的选项里选出所标段落的段落标题；第二部分要求根据文章的内容用所给的选项来完成句子。第一篇 The Making of a Success Story 1 IKEA is the worlds largest furniture retailer, and the man
2、 behind it is Ingvar Kamprad, one of the worlds most successful entrepreneurs. Born in Sweden in 1926, Kamprad was a natural businessman. As a child, he enjoyed selling things and made small profits from selling matches, seeds, and pencils in his community. When Kamprad was 17, his father gave him s
3、ome money as a reward for his good grades. Naturally he used it to start up a business 一 IKEA. 2 IKEAs name comes from Kamprads initials (I.K.) and the place where he grew up (E and A). Today IKEA is known for its modern, minimalist furniture1, but it was not a furniture company in the beginning. Ra
4、ther, IKEA sold all kinds of miscellaneous goods. Kamprads wares included anything that he could sell for profits at discounted prices2, including watches, pens and stockings. 3 IKEA first began to sell furniture through a mail-order catalogue in 1947. The fUrniture was all designed and made by manu
5、facturers near Kamprads home. Initial sales were very encouraging, so Kamprad expanded the product line. Furniture was such a successful aspect of the business that IKEA became solely a furniture company in 1951.4 In 1953 IKEA opened its first showroom in Almhult, Sweden. IKEA is known today for its
6、 spacious stores with furniture iti attractive settings, but in the early 1950s, people ordered from catalogues. Thus response to the first showroom was overwhelmiig: people loved being able to see and try the furniture before buying it. This led to increased sales and the company continued to thriv
7、e. By 1955, IKEA was designing all its own furniture.5 In 1956 Kamprad saw a man disassembling a table to make it easier to transport. Kamprad was inspired. The man had given him a great idea: flat packaging3. Flat packaging would mean lower shipping costs for IKEA and lower prices for customers. IK
8、EA tried it and sales soared. The problem was that people had to assemble furniture themselves, but over time, even this grew into an advantage for IKEA. Nowadays, IKEA is often seen as having connotations of self-sufficiency. This image has done wonders for the company, leading to better sales and
9、continued expansion.6 Today there are over 200 stores in 32 countries. Amazingly, Ingvar Kamprad has managed to keep IKEA a privately-held company. In 2004 he was named the worlds richest man. He currently lives in Switzerland and is retied from the day-to-day operations of IKEA. IKEA itself, though
10、, just keeps on growing. 词汇： entrepreneur /,entrprn:/ n.企业家 ware /we/ n.货物 minimalist /minimlist / adj.最简单的 self-sufficiency /self-sfinsi/ n.自足 注释： 1. minimalist furniture：风格简约的家具 2. discounted prices：折扣价 手机版、网页版、单机版 三位一体多平台学习模式3. flat packaging：平板包装 练习： 1. Paragraph 2_ 2. Paragraph 3_ 3. Paragraph
11、4_ 4. Paragraph 5_ 5. Even when he was only a child, _. 6. _, and years later became a big company specialized in manufacturing and selling of furniture. 7. Customers liked the idea of IKEAs showrooms because _. 8. As flat packaging saves money for both IKEA and the customers, _ 2014 年综合类职称英语教材概括大意与
12、完成句子 答案与题解： 1. C 第二段介绍了 IKEA 这个店名的来源以及它刚开始的时候是一家什么样的小杂货店 2. D 第三段讲了 IKEA 通过邮购方式销售自己设计、自己制造的家具，业绩喜人，从而扩大生产线，专事家具产销。 3. B 1953 年 IKEA 引入展示厅的做法得到很好的反响，销售大大增加。 4. E Kamprad 从别人拆卸家具中得到启发，于是试行销售平板包装的家具，既利己又利人，并使独立自行成为 IKEA 的一个特色。 5. C 时间状语从句告诉我们这里要讲的是 Ingvar 小时候的事情，文章的第一段就说了他从小就会做买卖。 6. A 这句话的后半句说 IKEA 几年
13、以后才变成一家专营家具的公司，前半句很可能讲它的前身是什么。 7. E 这句的主句讲了顾客们喜欢 IKEA 的展示厅，从句用 because 引导，很清楚要求给出原因。 8. B 这句先给了原因，即平板包装对双方来说都省钱，那么结果便是双方都欢迎。译文第一篇 发迹史宜家(IKEA)是世界上最大的家具零售商。它的幕后经营者是 Ingvar Kamprad，可谓世界上最成功的企业家之一。Kamprad 1926 年生于瑞典，天生就有做商人的资质。还是个孩子时，他就喜好卖东西，并在社区中通过售卖火柴、种子和铅笔赚了些小钱。Kamprad 17岁时，他父亲给了他一些钱作为考试成绩优秀的奖励。当然了，他
14、用这笔钱做了生意，成立了宜家。宜家这个名字取自 Kamprad 全名的首字母(IK)和他成长地名称的缩写 (“EA”)。如今宜家以其现代、风格简约的家具而闻名，然而发家时它却不是一个家具公司。那时，它出售的商品五花八门。Kamprad 销售任何可以打折低价出售并盈利的物件，包括手表、钢笔和长袜。宜家最初在 1947 年通过邮寄产品目录来出售家具。这些家具都是由 Kamprad 家附近的生产商设计和制造的。起初的销售额非常喜人，所以 Kamprad 扩大了生产线。因为家具销售成为宜家非常重要的一个生意份额，宜家于 1951 年成为了专营家具公司。1953 年，宜家在瑞典的 Almhult 开立了
15、第一家展示厅。今天宜家因其店面的大空间和家具的引人摆设而闻名，但在 20 世纪 50 年代初的时候，人们只是通过产品目录订购。所以宜家的首间展厅备受瞩目，因为人们十分乐意能够在购买之前亲眼看到并试用这些家具。这手机版、网页版、单机版 三位一体多平台学习模式样的销售模式促进了销售额的增长，使得公司继续茁壮成长。截至 1955 年，宜家已开始独立地设计其所有的家具。1956 年，Kamprad 看到有一个人通过拆解桌子来方便装运，从而受到启发。这个人让他灵光一闪，想出了平板包装的点子。平板包装对宜家意味着更低的货运费以及对客户而言更低的售价。宜家如此示范，销售额因此一路飙升。虽然顾客自己拼装家具有
16、些麻烦，但是时间一长，这样的亲手操作倒成了宜家的强项。现今，宜家被视为有独立自行的风格。这样的形象为公司在销售额和经营规模上带来了奇迹般的效果。今天宜家在 32 个国家开有超过 200 家分店。令人惊叹的是，Ingvar Kamprad 设法将宜家保持为一家私有企业。2004 年，他被冠名为世界上最富有的人。他如今住在瑞士，已脱离了宜家的日常经营。而宜家将继续成长。第二篇 The Paper Chase1. “Running a house is a lot like running a business,”says Stephanie Denton, a professional organ
17、izer based in2 Cincinnati, Ohio, who specializes in both residential and commercial paperwork and record keeping. To get a successful grip on3 organizing documents, bills, and other materials, Denton suggests the following tips：2. Create a space in which you can always do your paperwork. This is per
18、haps the most important element of a successful system. If you cant devote an entire desk to the task, at least invest in a rolling file cart to store active paperwork and a two-drawer file cabinet for family records. Store the rolling file cart wherever it is most convenient and comfortable to do y
19、our work, whether that is the kitchen, office, or family room4.3. When in doubt, throw it out. The first step for implementing a workable filing system is to eliminate paper you dont use, dont need, or that you could easily access again elsewhere. Throw out duplicate statements, old catalogs, and al
20、l of the coupons, mailings, or offerings youll never have an opportunity to use or even read.4. Set aside two days a month to pay bills. If a monthly due date doesnt fit into your cycle, call up the creditor and suggest a more convenient date. Keep two manila folders5 at the front of your system for
21、 current bills one to correspond with each bill-paying day and file all incoming bills. Keep a list in the front of each folder of what needs to be paid in case6 the invoice never arrives or gets misplaced.5. Think of your filing system not as a rigid tool, but as a living, breathing system that can
22、 accommodate your changing needs. A good filing system is both mentally and physically flexible. Everyones needs are different, says Denton, but when devising a filing system, ask yourself：“Where would I look for this?”Create main headings for your filing system, such as Investments, Taxes, Children
23、, and so forth, and file individual folders under the 手机版、网页版、单机版 三位一体多平台学习模式main headings. Never overstuff your files.词汇：paperwork /pepwk/ n.文书工作overstuff /,vstf/ vt.把塞得过满statement /stetm()nt/ n.账目duplicate /djuplkt/ adj.复制的correspond /krspnd/ vt.与一致、和谐或相配mailing /mel/ n.邮件incoming /nkm/ adj.将要或正要进
24、来的creditor /kredt/ n.债权人misplace /msples/ vt.把放错地方invoice /nvs/ n.发票heading /hed/ n.标题rigid /rdd/ adj.呆板的,僵硬的注释：1. running a house:打理一所房子。“run”在这里是“管理” 的意思。又如:Hes been running a restaurant since he left school.2. base. in.:在为设立基础、提供基础。又如:They based the new company in Portland.3. get a grip on:抓住,控制,
25、 掌握。又如:getting a grip on the new technique.4. family room:家庭游艺室,指用于家庭成员娱乐的房间5. manila folders:马尼拉折叠夹6. in case :万一。又如： Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot.练习：1. Paragraph 2 _2. Paragraph 3 _3. Paragraph 4 _4. Paragraph 5 _A Find a Place to Work onB Implementing a Workable Filing SystemC
26、What Is a Good Filing SystemD How to Invest in a Rolling File CartE Get Rid of Unimportant ThingsF Dealing with Bills手机版、网页版、单机版 三位一体多平台学习模式5. Stephanie Denton is expert _.6. You can put your file cart anywhere you like, on condition _.7. Coupons should be thrown away because _.8. “Mentally flexible
27、” indicates the fact _.A they are uselessB in paper chaseC that it is easily reachedD that different people have different requirementsE they are not comfortableF in investing in coupons答案与题解：1. A 这段第一句是主题句,讲的是要为整理文件找到工作空间。2. E 这段谈及的是 ,没有用的文如各种复印件、旧索引、优待券等,要及时扔掉。3. F 这一段讲的是如何处理账单。4. C 这段讲的是一个好的档案系统应
28、具备的两个条件:既要灵活又要条理清晰。5. B Stephanie Dentcm 非常擅长整理档案, 所以 B 是答案。虽然 F 在语法上讲得过去,但优待券不是可进行投资的东西,所以也就不存在是否擅长做此事的问题。6. C 文中提到, 档案车放在什么地方都可以, 前提是使用方便。7. A 文章说 ,优待券没什么用, 所以应该扔掉。8. D 文章的最后一段谈到,好的档案系统要有心理和身体两个方面的灵活性 ,接下去又说,每个人的需要都是不同的。所以答案是 D。译文第二篇 文件整理Stephanie Denton 是俄亥俄州辛辛那提地区的职业筹划人，专门负责居民和商业部分的文书和记录工作。他说， “
29、打理房子更像做生意 ”。如何成功地组织文件、账单和其他材料，Denton 提供了如下建议：创造一个可以一直做文书工作的空间。这或许是一个成功机制的最重要的部分。如果你没有整张桌子的话，至少要有一个可以移动的小车来储存那些经常使用的文书，还要有一个带两个抽屉的柜子来存放家庭记录。把这个可移动的小车放在你工作最方便、最舒适的地方，无论是厨房、办公室还是家庭游艺室。当有怀疑的时候，就把它扔出来。建立一个可行的档案系统，首先要把那些你不用、不需要或者你可以在其他地方轻易得到的文件扔掉。扔掉那些复件、旧索引和所有你永远不会有机会使用甚至阅读的优待券、邮件和礼券。每个月留出两天时间付账单。如果每个月的结账
30、日期不适合你，打电话给你的债权人并建议换一个更方便的日期。建立一个与每个结账日相对应的账单系统，在你当前的账单系统前放两个马尼拉折叠夹来整理所有进来的账单。在每个需要付账的文件夹前列一个清单以防发票没到或者放错了地方。你的档案系统不是一个严格的工具，而是一个活生生的、能够呼吸的、能适应你不断变化需要的系统。一个好的档案系统要有心理和身体两个方面的灵活性。Denton 说，每个人的需要都是不同的，但是在设计档案系统前问问自己，“我要到哪儿去找它呢？” 为你的档案系统加上主要的标题，比如投资、税务、孩子等，然后将文件夹分类放在标题下。不要把手机版、网页版、单机版 三位一体多平台学习模式你的文件夹塞
31、得过满。第三篇：English and English Community1 There is no denying that1 English is a useful language. The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese. Originally they were small tribes of people from northern Europe who settled
32、in England. Their languages became more and more similar to each other. Finally, the language had enough uniformity2 to be used by all speakers in England. The people were united into a speech community through their shared language.2 A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities. The
33、people who make up the conimunity share a common language. Often they live side by side, as they do in aneighborhood, a village, or a city. More often they form a whole country. National boundaries, however, are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community. A speech community is any g
34、roup of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live.3 We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech community. For convenience3, we may classify the speakers into two groups: one in which the speakers use English as their native language, the othe
35、r in which the speakers learn English as a second language for the purpose of education, commerce, and so on.4 English serves as an alternative language in several areas of public activity for the many nations of the world which employ it as an international second language.4 English has been adopte
36、das the language of air traffic, commerce, as well as international diplomacy. Moreover, English is the language of the majority of published materials in the world so that education has come to rely heavily on an understanding of English.5 Learning a second language extends ones vision and expands
37、the mind. The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional lives of people and their culture;5 a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feel. Learning English as a second language provides another means of communication through which the
38、window of the entire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage.词汇：originally /ridinli/ adv就起源而论；起初boundary /baundri/ n边界；界限fictional /fiknl/ adj小说的，虚构的uniformity /,ju: nif:miti/ n统一性alternative /lt: ntiv / adj选择的，替代的heritage / heritid/ n遗产；继承物注释：1. There is no denying that：毫无疑问2. unifo
39、rmity：一致性。uniformity 是 uniform 的名词形式。全句译为：最终，这种语言具有足够的统一性，致使所有在英格兰居住的人都能使用。手机版、网页版、单机版 三位一体多平台学习模式3. for convenience：意为“ 为了方便起见”4. English serves as an alternative language in several areas of public activity for the many nations of the world which employ it as an international second language对世界上许多
40、在国际交往中把英语作为第二语言的国家来说，英语是在公共活动的几个领域中可供选用的语言之一。5. The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional lives of people and their culture第二语言记载的历史和文学记述了一个民族真实和虚构的生活和文化。句中 history 和 real lives 相对应，literature 和 fictional lives 相对应。练习：1. Paragraph 2_2. Paragraph 3_3. Paragraph 4_4
41、. Paragraph 5_A The Wide Use of EnglishB Historical Account of English and Its CommunityC The Advantages of Learning a Second LanguageD The Composition of the English CommunityE The Threat That English Poses to Other LanguagesF The Definition of a Speech Community5. Only through the shared language_
42、.6 The idea of the national boundaries is often different from_.7. Speakers are classified into two groups_.8. An understanding of English_.A that of a speech communityB can a speech community be formedC in order to learn English betterD for the sake of simplicityE has played an important role in th
43、e field of educationF is widely used in several areas of public activity答案与题解：1. F 此段解释何为语言群体，最后一句话是关键，可以看做是语言群体的定义。2. D 此段是讲英语语言群体包括的两类人，所以用 composition“构成” 一词。3. A 此段讲述英语在全世界许多领域被广泛应用，如航空、商务、外交、教育等。4. C 此段主要谈的是学习第二语言的益处，最后一句话更具体到学习英语的益处。5. B 答案来自第一段最后一句，说明人们是通过他们所拥有的共同语言组成一个语言群体。以 only 开头的句子谓语部分要求
44、使用倒装句。6. A 第二段第四句话表明国界与语言群体的界限并不总是一致的。that 用来替代手机版、网页版、单机版 三位一体多平台学习模式the+有关前述名词，以避免重复。7. D 第三段第二句表明，为了方便起见我们将说话者分为两类。for the sake of 指“出于的考虑”。8. E 第四段最后一句话表明教育越来越依赖对英语的理解。也就是说对英语的理解能力在教育中起着重要的作用。译文第三篇 英语和英语群体毫无疑问英语是一种有用的语言。现在说英语的人构成了除了说汉语者之外最大的语言群体。最初他们是从北欧定居英格兰的一些小部落。他们的语言变得越来越相似。最终，这种语言具有了足够的统一性，
45、致使所有在英格兰居住的人都能使用。人们由于共享同一种语言而组成一个语言群体。一个语言群体和其他类型的群体相似。构成这个群体的人共同使用一种语言。通常他们彼此相邻，就像四邻、一个村庄或城市那样。通常他们组成一个国家。然而国界并不一定是一种语言群体的分界线。一个语言群体是讲同一种语言的人群，无论他们住在哪里。我们可以说讲英语的人都属于英语语言群体。为了方便起见，我们可以把说英语的人分为两类：第一类中讲话者把英语作为他的母语，另一类中讲话者因为教育、商业等目的把英语作为第二语言来学。对世界上许多在国际交往中把英语作为第二语言的国家来说，英语是在公共活动的几个领域中可供选用的语言之一。英语被用作空中交
46、通、商业和国际外交的语言。而且，英语是世界上大部分出版物所用的语言，因此教育开始严重地依赖对英语的理解。学习第二语言能开阔人的眼界和拓宽人的思维。第二语言记载的历史和文学记述了一个民族真实和虚构的生活和文化；了解它们能够提高我们的理解力，并且像他们那样去感受。把英语作为第二外语来学可以提供另一种交流途径，通过这个途径整个英语语言群体的窗口就成为我们的文化遗产的一部分。第四篇：Alaska1 In 1959 Americans welcomed Alaska into the Union as the 49th state1, symbolizing a change of attitude f
47、rom that held in 1867, when the peninsula was purchased from Russia. Then, most Americans had little interest in 1 ,500 ,000 square kilometers “of icebergs and polar bears”一 beyond Canadas western borders, far from the settled areas2 of the United States.2 In those sections of the state which lie ab
48、ove the Arctic Circle, Alaska still is a land of icebergs and polar bears. Ice masses lie buried in the earth3, which is pennanently 手机版、网页版、单机版 三位一体多平台学习模式frozen to a depth of 90 or more meters. From early May until early August, the midnight sun never sets on this flat, treeless region, but the sun cannot melt the icy soil more than two-thirds of a meter down.3 Alaska is Americas largest state, but only about 32
