1、宁波中小企业物流信息化管理（Logistics informatization management of small and medium enterprises in Ningbo）http: / / / p 999292225658.html作为浙江重要商埠的宁波, 中小企业发展状况对地区经济有重要影响, 但中小企业发展环境复杂, 只有想方设法降低成本, 提高效率, 才能在市场中立足.在劳动力、原材料等成本日益增长的今天, 降低物流成本, 实现物流信息化便成为中小企业的重要选择.但宁波存在不利于发展物流信息化的人才、技术和资金等问题.为此, 本文提出应利用政策扶持、港口资源、块状经济和
2、高等教育等优势来促进中小企业的物流信息化发展.一、宁波中小企业物流信息化发展的背景改革开放以来, 浙江省凭借着地缘区位优势和政策优势, 其发展处于国内前列, 其中浙江的中小企业发展对整个区域的发展做出了突出贡献.著名经济学家钟朋荣曾将浙江经济形容为 “小狗经济“.宁波, 作为浙江经济发展的排头兵, 其中小企业实力在浙江处于领先地位, 企业数量、成长型企业、 “块状经济“ 规模等指标均居全省首位.宁波中小企业发展形势如何, 对地区经济情况有重要影响.随着经济外贸依存度的提高和区域经济一体化的加快, 宁波中小企业的发展时刻面临挑战.如 2004年国家经济政策由 “以农补工“ 转向 “以工补农“,
3、沿海各地出现 “民工荒“, 宁波也概莫能外, 随后在甬中小企业纷纷以提高工人的福利待遇, 成立工会组织等举措应对形势变化, 终于成功化解危机.当前, 宁波中小企业面临更严峻考验.2008 年底, 由美国次贷危机引发的金融风暴席卷全球, 宁波的中小企业大多为出口导向型企业, 本身正面临着生产成本迅速上升、国际贸易摩擦加剧、经营方式粗放、自主创新能力不强、资源要素严重制约等因素, 其利润率在前几年 就趋于下降, 金融风暴使其深受不利影响.据报道, 宁波不少中小企业步履维艰, 甚至停产倒闭, 没有倒闭企业也被迫提前放假, 以致民工返乡潮提前到来.因此, 如何在不利的经济环境中求生存、谋发展, 成为企
4、业, 尤其是中小企业深切关注的话题.国务院总理温家宝强调, 在金融风暴中, 中小企业要充分利用自身优势, 转变发展方式, 渡过难关.我们认为, 要实现发展方式转变, 渡过目前的难关, 节约成本、提高效率无疑是中小企业的必然选择.如何才能节约成本呢? 靠压榨农民工节约劳动力成本已被 “民工荒“ 证实为不可行, 由国际油价动荡而引发的原材料价格大起大落证实了中小企业难以控制原材料成本.而改善物流环境, 实现物流信息化, 从而降低物流成本则成了当前可行的选择.二、宁波中小企业发展物流信息化的必要性与可行性在诸多节约增效的方案中, 尤其值得注意的是节约物流成本.据西方营销学家估算, 一般企业物流成本约
5、占全部营销成本的 50%, 在制造业中占销售额的 13.6%, 在商业中占销售额的 25.6%.降低物流成本被视为 “降低成本的最后边界“ 、经济领域中的 “黑暗大陆“ 、 “第三利润源泉“.因此, 现代物流作为一种先进的组织方式和管理理念, 被众多企业看作是提升其战略竞争力的强有力手段.当前, 而我国中小企业产品的物流成本却高达企业总成本的 30 发达国家物流成本约占企业总成本 10%, 40%, 差距十分明显.因此,There is a lot of room for logistics cost savings. This requires a reasonable organizati
6、on of social logistics and enterprise logistics activities, improve the form of logistics organizations, improve the level of logistics technology, thereby enhancing the market competitiveness of smes.To save the logistics cost, from the social level, it is necessary to improve the infrastructure co
7、nstruction of road traffic, and from the enterprise level, the realization of logistics information is the necessary way to improve the level of logistics technology. Logistics informatization is the use of modern information technology (such as EDI, Intemet, GPS), information platform, information
8、equipment, materials procurement, production, the transportation, storage, storage, distribution, logistics service and so the whole process of information collection, exchange, transmission and processing, the material supply, demand, storage party effective coordination and seamless connection, co
9、nstruct the logistics supply chain with high efficiency, high speed, low cost, so as to fully meet the purpose of economic development. Take the information-based logistics information management, the use of automation equipment to collect and process flow, logistics in the process of information, a
10、nalysis and mining of logistics information, to maximize the use of effective information guidance and management of the logistics activities.Therefore, the development of enterprise logistics information needs to have information platform, information equipment and so on. And this is the advantage
11、of the development of logistics informatization in small and medium-sized enterprises in Ningbo. As one of the four deep-water harbor, the modern logistics is the dominant industry, and also the key field of the development of the service industry. In recent years, Ningbo has promoted the constructi
12、on of modern logistics information service system from different levels, such as public information platform, logistics hub, information system and logistics enterprise information system. At present, Ningbo electronic port platform has begun to take shape, and registered enterprises have broken thr
13、ough 7000. Bonded logistics centers, bonded areas, ports and other logistics hub public information service construction have achieved good results. Therefore, it is not only necessary but also feasible to develop logistics informatization in Ningbos small and medium-sized enterprises.Three, Ningbo
14、small and medium-sized enterprises to develop logistics informatization problemsAccording to reports, Zhejiang cowpea SMEs are generally “four year itch“, the life of the small and medium-sized enterprises in about 3 years, and realize the informatization of logistics management work may take severa
15、l years. This may explain why the logistics informationization in small and medium-sized enterprises “praised, after all, survival is the first, if the enterprise survival time is too short, it is obviously not possible to get logistics information. In this paper, the enterprise level of the develop
16、ment of logistics informatization adverse factors are analyzed as follows.1, talent problems. Although Ningbo is called the highland of the southeast coast, it attracts a large number of talents every year. However, due to its small size and poor strength, it is difficult to attract talent, and it i
17、s difficult to pay the high cost of employing people. The number of scientific and technological personnel in enterprises is low, and fewer high-quality R logistics center logistics warehousing system, automatic sorting system, unmanned systems logistics high new technology application; the third pa
18、rty logistics enterprise logistics project to promote modern logistics; and personnel training. In accordance with the scope of funding of the various logistics projects, after the completion of acceptance of the project, the project unit can apply for special funding subsidies.In the amount of subs
19、idy, the “measures“ stipulates that the subsidy of public logistics information platform and logistics center public information system project shall be determined in principle within 50% of the total actual investment of the project;The information system of logistics enterprises subsidies accordin
20、g to the actual total investment projects (excluding civil) determined within 30%; application of high-tech project logistics logistics center logistics enterprises subsidies, determined according to the actual within 20% of the total investment, the single project grants of up to more than 1 millio
21、n yuan, a single project of third party logistics enterprises in logistics project the maximum amount of not more than 1 million 500 thousand yuan subsidy. In May 2008, the Ningbo Municipal Peoples Government Office issued the “on the cultivation of the fourth party logistics market support policy“,
22、 the implementation of the main body of the fourth party logistics market (enterprise platform), a member of the corporate and financial institutions to support policy. In addition, Zhejiang province also introduced support policies in 2008 to speed up the development of modern logistics industry.Th
23、erefore, it is time for SMEs to develop logistics informatization, and enterprises should make good use of policy advantages to promote the development of logistics informatization.2, utilize port resource advantage to develop logistics informatization of small and medium-sized enterprises. Ningbo i
24、s one of the three most developed economic sectors in China south of the Yangtze River Delta, Yangtze River Delta region has the economic strength and strong development momentum, but there are also disadvantages of scarce resources. But Ningbo has advantaged port advantages in many cities in the Ya
25、ngtze River delta. Ningbo port is a famous deep-water harbor, coastal port cargo throughput in 2005 ranked second in the world, Chinese, port fourth. Especially after the strategic merger between Ningbo port and Zhoushan port in 2006, Ningbo - Zhoushan port has launched a sprint to the goal of the w
26、orlds three largest port.The key to the development of Ningbo Zhoushan port lies in its economic radiation. At present, the main business of the port from Zhejiang especially Zhejiang region, Zhejiang province from Ningbo port container shipment reached more than 50%. At the same time, Ningbo - Zhou
27、shan port is also actively promoting Yiwu, Jinhua, Shaoxing, Yuyao and other “waterless port“ construction, to build the logistics network in the province. With the rapid development of Jiangsu, Anhui and other places, these neighboring provinces and cities have also become an important source of go
28、ods.Therefore, Ningbo has become a logistics base in Zhejiang as a matter of fact, in which small and medium-sized enterprises to use the port resources, accelerate the construction of logistics information itself, will greatly reduce logistics costs, improve economic efficiency, to promote their ow
29、n development.3, the use of block economic advantages, the development of cross enterprise logistics collaborative management platform. The economic development of Ningbo is characterized by the advantages of block economy formed by industrial clusters. Ningbos total economic aggregate volume accoun
30、ted for 28% of the total in Zhejiang Province, ranking first in the province. In 2005, Ningbo accounted for 7 of the 14 pieces of block economies of Zhejiang with an industrial output value of over 30 billion yuan, followed by electrical machinery, metal products, plastic products, general equipment
31、, clothing, textiles and handicrafts. Massive economic development, so many “dinghy“ combined “aircraft carrier“ to resist the storm may. Small and medium-sized enterprises in Ningbo should make use of collaborative commerce and develop cross enterprise logistics collaborative management platform.Co
32、llaborative commerce was originally proposed by Gartner Group in 1999. It is defined as a business strategy that encourages partners on a value chain with common business interests, which are implemented mainly through information sharing. The management of this business model is collaborative manag
33、ement: the use of Internet technology integrates the internal and external resources and business processes to achieve the full use of resources. Cooperative commerce not only can make small and medium-sized enterprises “hold together to warm up and survive the severe winter“, but also should be tak
34、en by enterprises in their daily operations. Because the modern enterprise has formed the ecology community, the broad small and medium-sized enterprise has the competition, has more cooperation.In the development of cross enterprise logistics collaborative management platform, it is basic work to i
35、mprove the logistics information system, unified standards, and establish a public logistics information platform. National Development and Reform Commission and the National Standardization Management Committee and other 8 departments jointly promulgated the “national logistics standards 2005 - 201
36、0 development plan.“,On the basis of unified logistics standardization system, more than 300 specific revision standards which need to be implemented during “11th Five-Year“ are put forward. To improve the standard, it will play an active role in realizing the sharing of information resources and ef
37、fectively utilizing the advantages of block economy in the small and medium-sized enterprises in Ningbo.4, use the advantages of higher education to follow the road of integration of production, research, production and logistics. Ningbo is the sub center of higher education in Zhejiang. There are t
38、wo university parks in the north and the south. There are 15 universities in China, including Ningbo University, Zhejiang University, Ningbo Polytechnic Institute, Zhejiang Wanli University and University of Nottingham. Ningbos regional advantages and favorable treatment have attracted a large numbe
39、r of professors, doctors and other highly educated, high titles of double talent joined, higher education obvious advantages.As a port city, development of the logistics industry in Ningbo is richly endowed by nature advantages, to adapt to the needs of the development of the situation, Ningbo unive
40、rsities have set up a logistics professional, Ningbo University, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo City College has set up a Logistics Department of Zhejiang University, Ningbo Polytechnic Institute, Ningbo University of Technology to set up a logistics specialized research institutions. The Univers
41、itys interest in logistics is also an opportunity for SMEs to develop logistics informatization. Because the university is ahead of the enterprise in the theoretical research, the demand of the enterprise in practice can lead the direction of the theoretical research of the University. They are comp
42、lementary and indispensable.The development of logistics enterprise informationization cannot do without high-quality talents, colleges and universities are the base of cultivating talents for the talents of small and medium-sized enterprises in Ningbo, the lack of professional logistics management
43、level is low, in addition to the normal university logistics training the college graduates, can also take the form of cooperation with enterprises, many enterprises, strengthening and development of human resources culture. Through long-term training and short-term training, school training and on-the-job training and other ways, for enterprises to train and train talents. (text / Liu Shenglin Wang Liping edited: Chinese Electronic Commerce Research Center)This article is reprinted from China E-Commerce Research Center: http:/
