1、1虚 拟 语 气 第一节 语气英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气： 陈述语气（ Indicative Mood） ，祈使语气(Imperative Mood)和 虚拟语气（ Subjunctive Mood） 。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。第二节 虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式， 一 是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。第三节 虚拟语气在条件句中虚拟条件句 主句与现在事实相反的假设If+主语 +动词的过去式（动词b
2、e 用were)The platform would collapse if all of you stood on it.假如你们都站在上面，这个平台就会塌下来的。主语+should,would,might,could动词原形如果鲁迅还活着，看到新中国的伟大成就他会多么高兴啊！与过去相反的假设 If+主语 +had +过去分词If the doctor had been available,the child would have been saved. 如果有医生在，这个小孩就会得救了。主语should, would, might, couldhave done如果飓风发生在白天，死亡的人
3、数会更多。与将来相反的假设 1、If+主语+ 动词过去式2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形3、If+主语+should +动词原形I could see the surface of the moon with my own eyes if I were to go to the moon some day. 如果有一天我登上了月球，就能亲眼目睹月球的表面是什么样子了。主语should, wouldmight, could动词原形如果明天是星期天，我就去看望我奶奶。NOTE：使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点： 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件
4、句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了在条件句中，可省略 if，把 were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式If you had come earlier, you would have met him.Had you come earlier, you would have met him.2第四节 虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用一、虚拟语气在主语从句中A.在句型 “It is important (necessary,
5、strange, natural) that ” 中，表示某事重要、奇怪、自然、必要等；that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形 （should 可以省略）例如： Its important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。这类的形容词还有 advisable（可取的） ，appropriate（适当的） ，compulsary （必须的） ，crucial（关键的） ，desirable（理想的） ，essential（必要的） ，imperative（迫切的） ，important
6、(重要的)， possible（可能的） ，preferable（更好的） ，probable（可能的） ，strange（奇怪的） ，urgent（急迫的） ，vital （极为重要的）等。B. 在 It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required/recommended/requested/required/.that-clause 句型中从句用(should )+动词原型，表示愿望，建议，请求等主观意愿等。It is demanded that we should work out a plan.C. 在 It is a pity/a shame/ no
7、 wonderproposal/recommendation/suggestion/surprise/advice that句型中从句也常用(should )+动词原型,表示建议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。Its a pity that you (should) miss a good chance. 二、用于宾语从句用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。insist, suggest, order, command, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc.注意：suggest 当表示“ 暗示、表明 “讲时，
8、insist 表示 ”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。The teacher suggested that we should clean the blackboard after class.老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意He insisted that all of us be there on time by any means.他坚持要求我们大家想尽办法按时去那里。The man insisted that he ha
9、d never stolen the money.那个人坚持说他没有偷钱三、用于表语从句和同位语从句在 suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request /desire/ recommendation/resolution 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should动词原形 ” should 可以省略My advice is that you should practice speaking English as often as possible.我的建议是你要尽可能经常地练习说英语。The suggestion
10、 that the mayor should present the prizes was accepted by everyone.每个人都接受由市长颁发奖金这一建议。第五节 虚拟语气在其他从句中1. It is (high / about ) time that从句中的谓语动词用过去式或 should动词原形，should 不能省略Its high time we went to the laboratory. 该是我们去实验室的时候了。2. If only 引导的感叹句（要是 该有多好啊；但愿)；2.1 表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望。用过去时或 would/could+动词原形表示；3
11、If only you listened to us!要是你听我们的话该多好啊！2.2 与过去事实相反的愿望，用过去完成时。例如：If only I had listened to the doctors advice! 我要是听了医生的话就好了。3. would rather，would sooner, would as soon,would prefer + 从句 也常用虚拟语气，表示宁愿、但愿之意。这种虚拟语气表示的不是与事实相反的假设，而是一种尚未实现的愿望3.1 表示现在或将来的情况：在上述词后+主语+ 动词过去时。例如：I would rather you left today.我
12、宁愿你今天走。I would sooner my daughter attended a public school. 但愿我的女儿能上公立学校。I would prefer he didnt stay here too long.我倒希望他不要在这儿待得太久。3.2 表示过去的情况，在上述词后+主语+ 动词过去完成时。例如：I would rather I hadnt seen that film yesterday.我宁愿昨天没有看那场电影。4. as if ( as though) 看起来 even if ( even though)即使 常用虚拟形式，其构成形式与 wish 后宾语从句
13、里的虚拟语气的构成形式相同，表示与现在事实相反（从句意上判断） ，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done)，would/could +动词原形。例如：The football fans of act as if they were crazy. 那些足球迷们经常就像疯了似的。 （act 与 were 发生在同一时间平面上）He often talks about London as though he had been there. (had been there 发生在 talkes 之前) 他常常谈起伦敦，就好像他去过那里似的。She often talks and ta
14、lks as if she would never stop. (would never stop 后于 talks and talks 发生)她常常讲起来没完没了。5. 虚拟语气在 in order that,so that,in case，lest，for fear that 引导的目的状语从句中的应用，从句中的谓语动词用“may(might) 动词原形“或“should动词原形“。在以 lest 引导的从句中，谓语动词用“should动词原形“。例如：He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain.他拿上了雨衣以防下雨。He wa
15、s punished lest he should make the same mistake again. 他被处以惩罚以免他再犯。He put his coat over the child for fear that he (should) catch cold.他把外套给孩子穿上以防孩子感冒。6.wish 后面的宾语从句中， 一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词形式为：表现在 过去时 (表示与主句的谓语动词同时存在或先于主句谓语动词存在的与事实相反的愿望)I wish I were a bird. （were 与 wish 发生在同一时间平面上）表过去 过去完成时 （从
16、句的谓语动词先于主句的谓语动词发生或存在，(that)+主语+had+动词的过去分词）I wish you had come to our Christmas party. 表将来 would, might, could动词原形 （从句的谓语动词后于主句的谓语动词发生或存在）I wish that the rain could stop soon.虚拟语气专项练习1. Jack wishes that he _ business instead of history when he was in university.A. studied B. had been studyingC. stud
17、y D. had studied2. The millions of calculation involved, had they been done by hand, _ all practical value by the time they were finished.A. had lost B. would lose4C. would have lost D. should have lost3. It is essential that these application forms _ back as early as possible.A. must be sent B. are
18、 sen w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mC. will be sent D. be sent4. It is important that the hotel receptionist _ that guests are registered correctly.A. has made sure B. must make sureC. made sure D. make sure5. It was essential that the application forms _ back before the deadline.A. must be sent B. be sentC. wo
19、uld be sent D. were sent6. Its necessary _ the dictionary immediately.A. that he will return B. that he returnC. that he returned D. that he has to return7. It is important that enough money _ to fund the project.A. be collected B. was collected C. must be collected D. can be collected8. I dont thin
20、k it advisable that Tom _ to the job since he has no experience.A. is assigned B. be assignedC. will be assigned D. has been assigned9. The suggestion that the mayor _ the prizes was accepted by everyone.A. would present B. present w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mC. ought to present D. presents10. We are all for
21、 your proposal that the discussion _.A. be put off B. should put offC. was put off D. is to put off11. You _ him so closely; you should have kept your distance.A. shouldnt have been following B. mustnt followC. couldnt have been following D. shouldnt follow12. The manager would rather his daughter _
22、 in the same office.A. does not work B. had not workedC. not to work D. did not work 13. Wouldnt you rather your child _ to bed early?A. go B. would goC. went D. goes14. Id rather you _ make any comment on the issue for the time being.A. dont B. didntC. wouldnt D. shouldnt15. Mikes uncle insists _ i
23、n this hotel.A. staying not B. that he would not stayC. not to stay D. that he not stay 16. As Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, I have directed that all measures _ for our defense.A. had been taken B. be takenC. would be taken D. to be taken17. The manager of the hotel requests that their gue
24、sts _ after 11:00 p.m.A. not to play loud music B. dont play loud musicC. shouldnt play loud music D. couldnt paly load music18. We desire that the tour leader _ us immediately of any change in plans.A. inform B. informsC. informed D. has informed19. He suggested _ to tomorrows exhibition together.A
25、. us to go B. we shall go5C. we went D. we go20. Sometimes I wish I _ in a different time and a different place.A. be living B. would liveC. were living D. would have lived21. I wish I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A. could have slept B. might have sleptC. slept D. hav
26、e slept w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m22. Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she _ a job she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often.A. has to get B. had gotC. were to get D. could have got23. If the whole operation _ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would h
27、ave been lost.A. was not planned B. had not been plannedC. has not been planned D. were not planned24. Had he worked harder, he _ the exams.A. must have got through B. would get throughC. would have got through D. could get through25. _ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonde
28、rful dinner party.A. Had they arrived B. Were they arrivingC. Would they arrive D. Were they to arrive26. _ right now, she would get there on Sunday.A. Would she leave B. Were she to leave C. If she leaves D. If she had left27. _ for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.A. Not being B. Wi
29、thout beingC. Had it not been D. Not having been28. _ for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now.A. Had it not been B. Werent it C. It were not D. Had not it been29. If it _ too much trouble, Id love a cup of tea.A. isnt B. werent C. wasnt D. hadnt been30. If I hadnt stood unde
30、r the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _ now.A. wouldnt be smiling B. wont smile C. couldnt have smiled D. didnt smile31. We didnt know his telephone number; otherwise we _ him.A. would have telephoned B. would telephoneC. must have telephoned D. had telephoned32. He must have had an accident,
31、 or he _ then.A. would have been here B. should be hereC. had to be here D. would be here33. Some women _ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.A. must make w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m B. should have madeC. would make w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m D. c
32、ould have made34. We _ to start our own business, but we never had enough money.A. have hoped B. had hopedC. would hope D. should hope35. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _ himself.A. injure B. injuredC. had injured D. would injure36. “You are very selfish. Its high time you _ tha
33、t you are not the most important person in the world“, Edgar said to his boss angrily.A. realized B. realizeC. have realized D. should realize37. Its already 5 oclock now. Dont you think its about time _ ?A. we are going home B. we went home6C. we go home D. we can go home38. If only the committee _
34、 the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.A. approve B. can approveC. will approve D. would approve39. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _ your advice.A. follow B. would followC. had followed D. have followed40. Im sure he is up to the job _ he would give his mind
35、 to it.A. if only B. in caseC. until D. unless虚拟语气历年高考题1. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. (2012 湖南)A. have had B. had had C. have D. had2. If my car _ more reliable, I would have driven to Lasa instead of flying last summer. （2012 陕西）A. was B. had
36、been C. should be D. would be3. We _ the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me? （2012 北京）A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced4. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we _ more places of interest yesterday. （2012 福建）A. visited B. had visited C. would
37、 visit D. would have visited5. Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she _ there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often. (2012 安徽)A. lives B. would live C. having asked D. were to live6. But for the help of my English teacher, I _ the first prize in the English Writ
38、ing Competition.（2009 福建）A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won7. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you.（2008 山东）A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed 8. _ fired, your health care and other benefi
39、ts will not be immediately cut off. （2006 湖北）A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be9. - Do you mind if I open the window?- _ I feel a bit cold. （2004 广东）A. Of course not. B. Id rather you didnt. C. Go ahead. D. Why not?10. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing
40、today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. （2002 上海）A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall11. What would have happened _, as far as the riverbank? （2001 上海）A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob
41、 walked farther D. if Bob walked farther12. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. （2001 上海春）A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored13. If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he wouldnt suffer so much now. （2000 上海）A. lies B. lay C. had
42、lain D. should lie14. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night _ , too cold for us to live. （1997 上海）7A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly15. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. （1996 上海）A. dro
43、ve; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got16. _ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. （1995 上海）A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not17. Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her
44、 parents suggested that she _ a medical examination. （1994 上海）A. be; should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. was; has18. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother. （1994 全国）A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come19. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have
45、to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. （1994 上海）A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will20. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years. (1993 上海)A. should be B. would be C. have be D. had been 21. If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it _ all day. (2008 全国)Arain
46、ed B. rains C. has rained D. is raining22. They _ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go. (2007 山东)A. had got B. got C. have got D. get23. - Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York?- I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to. (20
47、05 江苏)A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what 24. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .(2010 浙江)Awould have been saved Bhad been savedCwill be saved Dwas saved25. John went to the hospital alone. If he
48、_ me about it, I would have gone with him. (2010 天津)A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told26. - The weather has been very hot and dry. - Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables _. （2010 北京） A. wouldnt die B. didnt die C. hadnt died D. wouldnt have died27. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he_
