1、2017 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）真题Section I Use of EnglishSection I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work. Today is no different
2、， with academics， writers， and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital， and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually
3、exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort， one 4 by purposelessness： Without jobs to give their lives 5 ， people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 todays unemployed dont seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have
4、 been unemployed for at least a year report having depression， double the rate for 7 Americans. Also， some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality， mental-health problems， and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10
5、the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesnt 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work， a society designed with other en
6、ds in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today， the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring， degrading， unhealthy， and a waste of human potential， ” says John Danaher， a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These
7、 days， because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers， people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard days work， I often feel 18 ， ” Danaher says， adding， “In a world in which I dont have to work， I might feel rathe
8、r different”perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1. A boasting B denying C warning D ensuring2. A inequality B instability C unreliability D uncertainty3. A policy Bguideline C resolution D prediction4. A charact
9、erized Bdivided C balanced Dmeasured5. A wisdom B meaning C glory D freedom6. A Instead B Indeed C Thus D Nevertheless7. A rich B urban Cworking D educated8. A explanation B requirement C compensation D substitute9. A under B beyond C alongside D among10. A leave behind B make up C worry about D set
10、 aside11. A statistically B occasionally C necessarily D economically12. A chances B downsides C benefits D principles13. A absence B height C face D course14. A disturb B restore C exclude D yield15. A model B practice C virtue D hardship16. A tricky B lengthy C mysterious D scarce17. A demands B s
11、tandards C qualities D threats18. A ignored B tired C confused D starved19. A off B against C behind D into20. A technological B professional C educational D interpersonalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing
12、A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points ）Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staff
13、ed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeleys world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where Londons Olympic “legacy“ is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the
14、30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did ris
15、e, by nearly 2 million in the runup to 2012but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children.
16、Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.“ The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over t
17、he line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in th
18、e state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots“, concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goodsmaking sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and net
19、ball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do
20、more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has_.Agained great popularityBcreated many jobsC strengthened community tiesDbecome an official festival22. The author believes that Londons Olympic “legacy“ has failed to_.Aboost
21、 population growthBpromote sport participationC improve the citys imageDincrease sport hours in schools23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it_.Aaims at discovering talentsBfocuses on mass competitionC does not emphasize elitismDdoes not attract first-timers24. With regard to mass spo
22、rt, the author holds that governments should_.Aorganize “grassroots“ sports eventsBsupervise local sports associationsC increase funds for sports clubsDinvest in public sports facilities25. The authors attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is_.AtolerantBcriticalC uncertainDsympathetic
23、Text 2With so much focus on childrens use of screens, its easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage,
24、 and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonv
25、erbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents faces to try to under
26、stand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsiveas they often are when absorbed in a deviceit can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact
27、 with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mothers attention. “Parents dont have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and
28、 parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a childs verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,“ says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be i
29、nteracting” with their children: “Its based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if youre failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a child isnt learning from the screen doesnt mean theres no
30、value to itparticularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available
31、 to their child the rest of the time.26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to _.Asimplify routine mattersBabsorb user attentionC better interpersonal relationsDincrease work efficiency27. Radeskys food-testing exercise shows that mothers use of devices _.Atakes away babies ap
32、petiteBdistracts childrens attentionC slows down babies verbal developmentDreduces mother-child communication28. Radeskys cites the “still face experiment” to show that _.Ait is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsBverbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchangeC children are
33、 insensitive to changes in their parents moodDparents need to respond to childrens emotional needs29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_.Aprotect kids from exposure to wild fantasiesBteach their kids at least 30,000 words a yearC ensure constant interaction with their
34、childrenDremain concerned about kids use of screens30. According to Tronick, kids use of screens may_.Agive their parents some free timeBmake their parents more creativeC help them with their homeworkDhelp them become more attentiveText 3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college
35、 in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesnt it? And after going to school for
36、12 years, it doesnt feel natural to spend a year doing something that isnt academic.But while this may be true, its not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. Theres always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be towa
37、rd graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuitsin fact, it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for
38、 and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changesall things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen th
39、e blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If youre not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impac
40、t on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isnt surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themsel
41、ves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. Its not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to comple
42、te an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that_.Athey think it academically misleadingBt
43、hey have a lot of fun to expect in collegeC it feels strange to do differently from othersDit seems worthless to take off-campus courses32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps_.Akeep students from being unrealisticBlower risks in choosing careersC ease freshmens fina
44、ncial burdensDrelieve freshmen of pressures33. The word “acclimation”（Line 8, Para. 3） is closest in meaning to_.AadaptationBapplicationC motivationDcompetition34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them_.Aavoid academic failuresBestablish long-term goalsC switch to another collegeDde
45、cide on the right major35. The most suitable title for this text would be_.AIn Favor of the Gap YearBThe ABCs of the Gap YearC The Gap Year Comes BackDThe Gap Year: A DilemmaText 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of
46、 its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting firesnearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In eff
47、ect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agencys other worksuch as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeepthat affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into const
48、ruction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“Its already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,” he says. We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, “Wait a minute, is this OK?”“Do we want instead to redi
