1、2012 年山东农业大学园林树木学实习报告姓名：赵鹏飞 学号：20102431 班级：10 级景观设计一班实习时间：2012 年 5 月 14 日-5 月 17 日实习地点：山东农业大学校本部 泰安植物园 天外村 济南植物园实习目的：熟悉常见的植物，重点掌握常见的松科、杉科、柏科、银杏科、蔷薇科、木犀科树种等实习内容：华山松科名：松科形态特征： 常绿乔木，高达 35m，胸径 1m；树冠广圆锥形。小枝平滑无形毛，冬芽小，圆柱形，栗褐色。幼树树皮灰绿色，老则裂成方形厚块片固着树上。叶 5 针一束，长 8-15cm。质柔软，边有细锯齿，树脂道多为 3，中生或背面 2 个边生，腹面 1 个中生，叶鞘早
2、落。球果圆锥状长卵形，长 10-20cm，柄长 2-5cm，成熟时种鳞张开，种子脱落。种子无翅或近无翅，花期 4-5 月，球果次年 9-10 月成熟。白杄科名：松科形态特征：乔木，高约 30m,胸径约 60cm；树冠狭圆锥形树皮灰色，呈不规则薄鳞状剥落，大枝平展，一年生枝黄褐色。叶四棱状条形，横断面棱形，弯曲，呈有粉状青绿色。 生态习性：耐荫性强，为阴性树，性耐寒，喜空气湿润气候，喜生于中性及微酸性土壤。为浅根性树种。青杄 科名：柏科形态特征：生态习性：中性，喜温暖多雨气候及钙质土， 耐干旱瘠薄，稍耐水湿，浅根性云杉属供应商列表我要申请加入更多如果您有补充或不同意见，请您给我们留言产地分布分布
3、于河北、甘肃中南部、陕西西部、湖北西部、青海东部及四川等地区。形态特征乔木，高达 50m 胸径 1.3m;树冠圆锥形，一年生小枝淡黄绿、淡黄或淡黄灰色。生长习性性强健，适应力强，耐阴性强，耐寒，喜凉爽湿润气候，喜排水良好，适当湿润之中性或微酸性土壤，亦常与白桦，红桦、臭冷杉、山杨等混生。园林用途树形整齐，叶较白杄细密，为优美园林观赏树之一。 繁殖培育种子繁殖，生长慢。马尾松 科名：柏科形态特征乔木，高达 45M，胸径 1M ，树冠在壮年期呈狭圆锥形，老年期内则开张如伞装；干皮红褐色，呈不规则裂片；一年生小枝淡黄褐色，轮生；冬芽圆柱形，端褐色叶 2 针 1束，罕 3 针 1 束，长 12-20C
4、M，质软，叶缘有细锯齿；树脂脂道 4-8，边生。球果长卵形，长 4-7CM，径 2.5-4CM,有短柄 ,成熟时栗褐色脱落而不,脱落而不突存树上,种鳞的鳞背扁平,横不很显著,鳞脐不突起,无剌。种长 4-5MM，翅长 1.5CM 。子叶 5-8。花期 4 月；果次年10-12 月成熟。生态习性：树皮深褐色，长纵裂，长片状剥落；木材纹理直，结构粗；含树脂，耐水湿。重要材用树种。树干可采割松脂，叶可提芳香油。 .油松科名：松科形态特征：乔木，高达 25m，胸径约 1m 余；树冠在壮年期呈塔形或广卵形，在老年期呈盘状伞形。树皮灰棕色，呈鳞片状开裂，裂缝红褐色。上枝粗壮，无毛，褐黄色；冬芽圆形，端尖，红
5、棕色，在顶芽旁常轮生有 3-5 个侧芽。叶 2 针 1 束，罕 3 针 1 束，长 10-15cm，树脂道 5-8 或更多，边生；叶鞘宿存。雄球花橙黄色，雌球花绿紫色。当年小球果的种鳞顶端有剌，球果卵形，长 4-9cm。无柄或有极短枘，可宿存枝上达数年之久；种鳞的鳞背肥厚，横脊显著，鳞脐有剌。种子卵形，长 6-8mm。淡褐色有斑纹；翅长约 1cm，黄白鬼，有褐色条纹。子叶 8-12。花期 4-5 月；果次年 10 月成熟。 生态习性：为阳性树种，深根性，喜光、抗瘠薄、抗风，在-25时仍可正常生长。位居泰山海拔 1400 米处的其名景观树望人松即为油松，终日风吹雾漫，始终生长良好。但怕水涝、盐碱
6、，在重钙质的土壤上生长不良。 白皮松科名：松科形态特征：老干树皮成粉白色，树冠开阔 生态习性：阳性，适应干冷气候，抗污染力强，不耐积水银杏科名：银杏科形态特征：落叶乔木，具顶生营养性长枝和侧生生殖性短枝。叶：扇形，有柄，长枝上的叶大都具 2 裂，短枝上的叶常具波状缺刻。孢子叶球：单性，异株。小孢子叶球：呈柔荑花序，生于短枝顶端的鳞片腋内。生态习性：适于生长在水热条件比较优越的亚热带季风区。土壤为黄壤或黄棕壤，pH 值56。一般 3 月下旬至 4 月上旬萌动展叶，4 月上旬至中旬开花，9 月下旬至 10 月上旬种子成熟，10 月下旬至 11 月落叶。白蜡科名：木犀科白蜡属形态特征：落叶乔木，阳性
7、树种，树冠阔卵形，树皮黄褐色。在我国主要生长在新疆天山南北，河北、江苏等地也有栽培。喜光，耐侧方庇荫，喜温暖，也耐寒；对土壤要求不严，喜湿润肥沃的土壤和沙壤土，在新疆能生长在土壤含盐量为 0.5%的盐碱土上。生态习性：高可达 2430 米，冠幅达 12 米。小枝圆形，粗壮。奇数羽状复叶，小叶 7 枚，卵形或卵状披针形，表面暗绿色，有光泽。翅果，长 34 厘米。果期 10 月成熟。忍冬科名：忍冬科生态习性：忍冬科包括大约 800 种植物，几乎分布在全世界，主要在亚洲东部和北美洲东部，但在热带地区和南部非洲没有发现本科的植物。忍冬科植物绝大部分是藤本植物或灌木，只有少数种为草本植物，有常绿植物也有
8、落叶植物，叶对生、单叶；花两性，5 基数，花冠合瓣；果实一般为浆果，也有蒴果或核果垂柳科名：杨柳科形态特征：乔木。高达 18m；树冠倒广卵形。小枝细长下垂。叶狭披针形至线状披针形，长 816cm，先端渐长尖 ，缘有细锯齿，表面绿色，背面蓝灰绿色；叶柄长约 1cm；托叶扩镰形，早落。雄花具 2 雄蕊，2 腺体；雌花子房仅腹面具 1 腺体。花期 34 月；果熟期45 月。生态习性：喜光，喜温暖湿润气候及潮湿深厚之酸性及中性土壤。较耐寒，特耐水湿，但亦能生于土层深厚之高燥地区。萌芽力强，根系发达。生长迅速，15 年生树高达 13m，胸径 24cm。寿命较短，30 年后渐趋衰老。旱柳科名：杨柳科形态特
9、征：乔木，高可达 18m，胸径 80cm；枝直立，叶披针形，苞片三角形，雌花有腺体。树冠卵圆形至倒卵形。树皮灰黑色，纵裂。生态习性：中国分布甚广，东北、华北、西北及长江流域各省均有，而黄河流域为其分布中心，是我国北方平原地区最常见的乡土树种之一。丁香科名：木犀科形态特征：花两性，呈顶生或侧生的圆锥花序。花色紫、淡紫或蓝紫，也有白色紫红及蓝紫色，以白色和紫色为居多。生态习性：落叶灌木或小乔木。因花筒细长如钉且香故名。又称丁香、洋丁香。著名的庭园花木。花序硕大、开花繁茂，花色淡雅、芳香，习性强健，栽培简易，因而在园林中广泛栽培应用。红瑞木科名：山茱萸科形态特征：是伞形目山茱萸科落叶灌木。老干暗红色
10、，枝桠血红色。叶对生，椭圆形。聚伞花序顶生，花乳白色。花期 5 月6 月。果实乳白或蓝白色，成熟期 8 月10 月。生态习性：生于海拔 600-1700 米（在甘肃可高达 2700 米）的杂木林或针阔叶混交林中。性极耐寒、耐旱、耐修剪，喜光，喜较深厚湿润但肥沃疏松的土壤。黄刺玫科名：蔷薇科形态特征：直立灌木，高 23 米；小枝无毛，有散生皮刺，无针毛。小叶 713，连叶柄长 35 厘米；小叶片宽卵形或近圆形，稀椭圆形，边缘有圆钝锯齿，上面无毛，幼嫩时下面有稀疏柔毛，逐渐脱落；叶轴、叶柄有稀疏柔毛和小皮刺：托叶条状披针形，大部分贴生于叶柄，离生部分呈耳状，边缘有锯齿和腺毛。生态习性：喜光，稍耐阴
11、，耐寒力强。对土壤要求不严，耐干旱和瘠薄，在盐碱土中也能生长，以疏松、肥沃土地为佳。不耐水涝。为落叶灌木。少病虫害。连翘科名：木犀科形态特征：呈长卵形或卵形，两端狭尖，多分裂为两瓣。表面有一条明显的纵沟和不规则的纵皱纹及凸起小斑点，间有残留果柄，表面棕黄色，内面浅黄棕色，平滑，内有纵隔。质坚脆。种子多已脱落。气微香，味苦。无枝梗、种籽、杂质、霉变。生态习性：连翘的萌生能力强，在平茬后的根桩或干支，都能繁殖萌生，较快地增加分株的数量，增大分布幅度。连翘枝条的连年生长不强，更替比较快。国槐科名：豆科形态特征：落叶乔木，高 15-25 米, 干皮暗灰色，小枝绿色，皮孔明显。羽状复叶长 15-25厘米
12、；叶轴有毛，基部膨大；小叶 9-15 片，卵状长圆形，长 2.5-7.5 厘米，宽 1.5-5 厘米，顶端渐尖而有细突尖，基部阔楔形，下面灰白色，疏生短柔毛。生态习性：国槐属于豆科、蝶形花亚科乔木植物，国槐是良好的绿化树种，常作庭荫树和行道树，且具有一定的经济价值和药用价值。国槐侧柏都已成为北京市市树，同时国槐也是陕西省西安市、辽宁省大连市、山东省泰安市的市树。刺槐科名：豆科刺槐又名洋槐，原生于北美洲，现被广泛引种到亚洲、欧洲等地。刺槐树皮厚，暗色，纹裂多；树叶根部有一对 1-2 毫米长的刺；花为白色，有香味，穗状花序；果实为荚果，每个果荚中有 4-10 粒种子。刺槐木材坚硬，耐腐蚀，燃烧缓慢
13、，热值高。刺槐花可食用。圆柏科名：柏科形态特征：常绿乔木或灌木；幼树之叶全为刺形，老树之叶刺形或鳞形或二者兼有；刺形叶常 3 枚轮生，稀交互对生，基部下延，无关节，上面凹下，有气孔带；鳞叶交互对生，稀三叶轮生，菱形；球花雌雄异株或同株，单生短枝顶。生态习性：光树种，较耐荫。喜凉爽温暖气候，忌积水，耐修剪，易整形。耐寒、耐热，对土壤要求不严，能生于酸性、中性及石灰质土壤上，对土壤的干旱及潮湿均有一定的抗性。但以在中性、深厚而排水良好处生长最佳。侧柏科名：柏科形态特征：属常绿乔木，树高一般达 20 米，干皮淡灰褐色，条片状纵裂。小枝排成平面。全部鳞叶，叶二型，中央叶倒卵状菱形，背面有腺槽，两侧叶船
14、形，中央叶与两侧叶交互对生，雌雄同株异花。生态习性：喜光，幼时稍耐荫，适应性强，对土壤要求不严，在酸性、中性、石灰性和轻盐碱土壤中均可生长。耐干旱瘠薄，萌芽能力强，耐寒力中等，在山东只分布于海拔 900m以下，以海拔 400m 以下者生长良好。抗风能力较弱。樟子松科名：松科形态特征：常绿乔木，树高 15 20 米 ，最高 30 米 。最大胸径 1 米 左右。树冠卵形至广卵形，老树皮较厚有纵裂，黑褐色，常鳞片状开裂：叶两针一束。生态习性：樟子松耐寒性强，能忍受 -40 -50 低温，旱生，不苛求土壤水分。树冠稀疏，针叶稀少，短小，针叶表皮层角质化，有较厚的肉质部分，气孔着生在叶褶皱的凹陷处。紫叶
15、小檗科名：小檗科形态特征：紫叶小檗为落叶多枝灌木，高 23 米。叶深紫色或红色，幼枝紫红色，老枝灰褐色或紫褐色，有槽，具刺。叶全缘，菱形或倒卵形，在短枝上簇生。花单生或 25 朵成短总状花序，黄色，下垂，花瓣边缘有红色纹晕。浆果红色，宿存。花期 4 月份果熟期910 月份。生态习性：紫叶小檗原产日本，我国秦岭地区也有分布现我国各大城市有栽培。喜凉爽湿润的环境，耐寒也耐旱，不耐水涝，喜阳也能耐明，萌莫强，耐修剪，对各种土壤都能适应，在肥沃深厚排水良好的土壤中生长更佳。朝鲜黄杨科名： 黄杨科形态特征：朝鲜黄杨属常绿灌木，冬季叶多变紫褐色生态习性：中性，耐寒性强 ，易修剪抗病力高。具有抗风沙，耐干旱
16、，喜阴等特性。金叶女贞科名：木犀科形态特征：金叶女贞是由加州金边女贞与欧洲女贞杂交育成的，高 23 米，冠幅 1.52米。叶片较大叶女贞稍小，单叶对生，椭圆形或卵状椭圆形，长 25 厘米。总状花序，小花白色。核果阔椭圆形，紫黑色。金叶女贞叶色金黄，尤其在春秋两季色泽更加璀璨亮丽。生态习性： 适应性强金叶女贞适应性强，对土壤要求不严格，在我国长江以南及黄河流域等地的气候条件均能适应，生长良好。性喜光，稍耐阴，耐寒能力较强。榆叶梅科名：蔷薇科形态特征：榆叶梅株高 2 米左右，枝细小光滑，于红褐色，主干树皮剥裂。叶呈椭圆形，长 3-6 厘米，单叶互生，其基部呈广 楔形，端部三裂，边缘有粗锯齿。花单生
17、或按生，花梗短，紧贴生在枝条上，花径 2-35 厘米，初开多为深红，渐渐变为粉红色，最后变为粉白色。生态习性：原产中国北部，现今各地几乎都有分布。性喜光，耐寒、耐旱，对轻度碱土也能适应，不耐水涝。黄刺玫科名：蔷薇科形态特征：直立灌木，高 23 米；小枝无毛，有散生皮刺，无针毛。小叶 713，连叶柄长 35 厘米；小叶片宽卵形或近圆形，稀椭圆形，边缘有圆钝锯齿，上面无毛，幼嫩时下面有稀疏柔毛，逐渐脱落；叶轴、叶柄有稀疏柔毛和小皮刺：托叶条状披针形，大部分贴生于叶柄，离生部分呈耳状，边缘有锯齿和腺毛。生态习性：喜光，稍耐阴，耐寒力强。对土壤要求不严，耐干旱和瘠薄，在盐碱土中也能生长，以疏松、肥沃土
18、地为佳。不耐水涝。为落叶灌木。少病虫害。珍珠梅科名：蔷薇科形态特征：落叶乔木，高 2-3 米。枝开展；小枝弯曲，无毛或微被短柔毛，幼时嫩绿色，老时暗黄褐色或暗红褐色。冬芽卵形，称端圆钝，无毛或被疏柔毛，紫褐色，具数枚鳞片。奇数羽状复叶，小叶 7-17 枚，连叶柄长 13-23 厘米，叶轴微被短柔毛； 托叶叶质，卵状披针形至三角状披针形，边缘有不规则锯齿或全缘，生态习性：河北、山西、山东、河南、陕西、甘肃、内蒙古均有分布。喜光又耐荫，耐寒，性强健，不择土壤。萌蘖性强、耐修剪。生长迅速。通过对校园，公园的植物识别，我进一步掌握了植物的各种形态特征，生长习性及园林应用。基础过后就是应用，而植物的配植
19、，植物与空间塑造等就是其中几方面，不能设想没有植物而能形成美好的园林，尤其园林树木是园林绿化的骨干。以上是我的实习报告，谢谢阅读。（英文版 ） easily blame, to prevent the broken window effect. Supervise the leading cadres to play an exemplary role, take the lead in the strict implementation of the and , lead to safeguard the solemnity and authority of the party discip
20、line, ensure that the party discipline and the laws and regulations for implementation in place. Throughout the discipline in the daily supervision and management, strengthen supervision and inspection, from the thorough investigation of violations of discipline behavior. Strengthen to key areas, ke
21、y departments and key projects as well as the masses reflect the concentration of the units and departments for supervision. - strengthening supervision, discipline inspection and supervision of cadres to set an example for compliance with the and is a man must be hexyl, blacksmith needs its own har
22、dware. Discipline inspection organs as the executor of the party discipline, and supervisor of the defenders, for its supervision must be more strictly, discipline inspection and supervision of cadres to firmly establish the awareness of Party Constitution, sense of discipline and rules consciousnes
23、s, politics loyalty, sense obey. Action speak Ji Ordinance to set an example of the regulations of the rule of law, strengthen supervision and accept the supervision of the firmness and consciousness, do comply with and . To firmly establish the discipline must first be disciplined, the supervisor w
24、ill be subject to the supervision of “concept, and consciously safeguard and implement party compasses party, take the lead in practicing“ three strict real strict, so loyal, clean, play. To be good at learning, the Constitution and the as morality, politics and brought to fruition; to implement , d
25、o not want to, dare not, not with disciplinary ruler to supervision; to discipline a ruler, often the control inspection, and consciously in the ideological red line to draw the row Ming Good accumulation is indeed the bottom line, so that the heart has fear, said to have quit, the line has ended. A
26、ttached: indifferent to heart, calmly to the table in our life, there are many unpredictable things will happen, some good, some bad things, we cannot control is powerless to stop, but with time, you will find in life sometimes turns out to be not good, some bad things finally turned out to be a goo
27、d thing, but then we muddy however did not know, this is the life teach us things. 1, life can be complex, can also be simple. Want simple life of precipitation, to have enough time to reflect, to make Become more perfect. Life is the most important thing is not to win, but the struggle; not to have
28、 conquered, but to have fought well. 2, the plain is the background of life. Live a plain life, give up on themselves is not a coward, but the wise answers; not disillusioned after the heart, such as ashes, but experience the storm after the enlightenment; not unrewarding perfunctorily, but calm att
29、itude of life of unrestrained self-confidence. Plain living, there is no noise noisy, no earthly troubles, more did not fill in the discontent of desire, some just a calm, a calm. 3, memory of heart will not good things to erase the, life is a When no movie, pain is a beginning, the struggle is a ki
30、nd of process, death is a kind of ending. Give up this giving up is the helpless, do not give up the abandoned, do not give up this giving up is ignorance, do not give up should not give up is persistent. 4, a thing figured is heaven, think impassability is hell. Since the living, to live better. So
31、metimes we because of too narrow-minded, too care around the chores and penny wise and pound foolish, not worth the candle. Some things to attract trouble and worry, completely depends on how we look at and deal with it. Dont always take everything back to things, and dont get into a blind alley, do
32、nt want to face, dont be narrow-minded. Poke to care, is a kind of open-minded, a free and easy. 5, I am not afraid of others behind me a knife, I afraid to look back and see stab me, is my intention to treat people; I am not afraid of the truth to tell the best friend, Im afraid he turned to it as
33、a joke to tell dont 6, when we are in a positive frame of mind, you will find many good things; and when we are in a negative state of mind, you will find many depressed things; life happy and worry, all is you of life attitude, optimistic, good luck; loss of sink, Eritrea company. When you are in a
34、dversity, may wish to change a point of view to think everything over to the good Think, because good mentality decided the fate of the! 7, people are tired, rest; heart tired, calm. Grow up, mature, this society read. Tired and sad, squat down, to their a hug. Because the world no one can sympathiz
35、e with you, have mercy on you. You cry, tears is your own; you pain, no one can understand. Then you only tears to smile. 8, each people have youth,Each youth are a story, the life of the world never gets easier, I want what, wish the world all know, as has been the same; now want anything, for fear
36、 that others know, or like to lose the same. 9, the heart move, everything in the world is followed by birth, Rangrang, important thing is often the most difficult to open ones mouth, because words will reduce its importance; to let strangers people care about your life in the good things, the origi
37、nal is not easy 10, do not blame, do not laugh at who, also dont envy who. Like a person is a kind of feeling, not like a person is true. The truth is easy to explain, I feel Is unspeakable. The best travel life is that you in a strange place found a long lost touched. 11, happy life not in the bust
38、ling in, and in the peace of mind; no matter how many grievances, how uncomfortable, and ultimately to heal themselves or their own, others may got you to comfort, but never know your heart is how wanjianchuanxin. 12, maam, like a movie, learn to appreciate, learn to be grateful, learn tolerance, an
39、d goodness, helping others. Instead of accusing the society, as into one; and an exception is better to give than to what 13, dont envy him A sum of, dont lose your life and the life, respectively is: the former is a we experienced cannot escape in a day finally will last minute, while the latter is
40、 our persistent, we want to cherish the memory of those people and things. 14, learn to smile, learn to strong, the world you know so many people, so many people and you are, you cannot change also cant let everyone like you, so also do not want to do. Life is too short to go crazy to love to go to
41、waste, to chase the dream to regret. 15, when temper, a blessing to go. A wounding elegant people, the key is to control their own emotions. With the mouth is the most stupid behavior. A control negative emotions than a can take a city more powerful water flow slow, language is expensive. People spe
42、nt two years of time to learn to speak, but to spend a few years time to shut up. That is a kind of ability, that is a kind of wisdom. 16, life is not perfect, sometimes, growth is not a cry, not an eyeful of tears, there is no trace of emotion, there is no gleam of hope, no desire, no action, no st
43、atic, there is only one kind of downward sinking feeling, sink A murky? 6? 7? 6? 7 sink? 6? 7? 6? 7 toward the bottom of the sink. 17, in some way, do not go, you will not know the other side scenery is beautiful. To you is not good, you do not mind too much, no one has an obligation to you; you lea
44、rn knowledge, is you have weapons, you can start from scratch, but not unarmed; how do you treat people, does not represent how others treat you, if cannot see through this point, only inviting worry. 18, time is like a sponge in the water, as long as you are willing to squeeze, the total water is s
45、till there. Every life, after the ups and downs The best test of live, to life, survival and continuation, do not stop the struggle in the joys and sorrows of life on the road, so that different soul to bear life beat, acceptance of suffering. 19, indifferent to heart, calmly in table, elegant and c
46、omfortable life, do not take what is so important. The pursuit will be disappointed; to be alive, you will have trouble. Life is the most afraid of what all want to care about, but also what all grasp is not firm, without scenery, separated populations, such as not to desire, all docked in the fate
47、of the end. Why is too rigid, the natural, to go stay not to live, let go of obsession, revel is 20, if the fate of the broken Hopes of sailing, please dont despair, the coast is still, if the fate of the withered petals of the beautiful, please do not sink, the spring is still, life will always be
48、endless trouble, please dont helpless, because they are still alive, is still a dream, the sun still, we still. Lost, keep memories; to get, must work to; but the most important is good to cherish their own. 21, life, select the complex, is to choose the pain; choose a simple, is choose to be happy.
49、 The complex world like aSignificance of pride. Hope is the ornate palace, outside people admiring the magnificent, living in the deep knowledge of living it to pay the price. Simple world as a simple log cabin outside ridiculed shabby, the heart is willing to go live to know the joy. Suffering and joy is their own choice. 22, learn how to use a single powerful heart, let the past be the past, let the future come. Life is really the end of the end of an eagle is flying wings, life is constantly pursuit. Dont miss to regret, dont wait for old ju
