1、学生毕业论文论文题目: 姓 名:_ _学 号:_ _专 业:_ _年级班级： 指导教师:_ _日 期:_ _毕业论文任务书Title/论文题目: The Impact of Electronic Commerce on International Trade and the Countermeasures 姓 名:_ _学 号:_ _专 业:_ _年级班级： 指导教师:_ _日 期:_ _Contents 摘要 3Abstract.41. Introduction52. Foundations of Electronic Commerce52.1 Definition of Electroni
2、c Commerce52.2 The Scope of Electronic Commerce .62.3 Classification of the EC by the nature of the transactions.72.4 The Characteristics of E-commerce .73. Impact of E-commerce on international trade83.1 Significant increase of trading efficiency.93.2 All-weather operations and improvement of custo
3、mer satisfactory .93.3 E-commerce led to changes in trading ways of business 103.4 Deepening international division of labor114. Chinas countermeasures in the development of Electronic commerce in international trade 114.1 Strengthening infrastructure construction114.2 Perfecting Chinas foreign trad
4、e laws and regulations in the field of e-commerce .114.3 Strengthening personnel training.124.4 Actively participating in international cooperation and dialogue.12Conclusion 13Acknowledgements 14Bibliography .15摘要商务活动是当今社会的主要活动之一，而计算机、通信、网络和信息技术则是目前层次最高、最新的技术，当这二者结合在一起时，就产生了一个全新的概念“电子商务” ，它已经并将一如既往地
5、对人类社会造成全面深刻的影响和震撼。本文主要讨论了电子商务对国际贸易的影响及对策。通过对电子商务范围、定义、分类以及特点的论述使我们对电子商务有了初步了解，同时，由于电子商务对国际贸易成本、国际贸易的增长、主要改变以及深化分工等五个方面产生了深刻影响，所以为了适应电子商务发展的需要，我国政府采取了增强基础设施建设，完善电子商务在国际贸易方面的法律制度以及加快人才培养以及积极参与国际合作与对话四个对策来促进我国贸易的快速发展。中文摘要：电子商务，国际贸易，影响，对策AbstractBusiness activity is one of the main activities in todays
6、society, and the computer, communications, networking and information technology is the highest and the latest technology, when they are combined a new concept - “E-commerce” is produced. This paper discusses the impact of electronic commerce on international trade and the countermeasures. By introd
7、ucing the scope, definition, classification and characteristics of the e-commerce ，we have a preliminary understanding of e-commerce. At the sane time, because it has a profound influence on the cost of international trade, international trade growth, deepening the division of labor and the changes
8、in the trade, in order to meet the needs of e-commerce development, our government has taken four strategies to promote the rapid development of trade.Key words: e-commerce, international trade, influence, countermeasures.1. IntroductionAs we all know, the 21st century is the era of e-commerce and i
9、t is the inevitable development of modern society. The influence of e-commerce on our daily life and on the development of a countrys trade can not be ignored. Based on the basic content of e-commerce, the influence of e-commerce on international trade and under the circumstances Chinas countermeasu
10、res let people know that Electronic Commerce, or e-commerce as we all shall refer to it, is a hot topic about competitor. We must fully understand the new concept, new theories and new methods of electronic commerce, using the e-commerce effectively. Learn the experiences and lessons to promote the
11、smooth conduct and development of electronic commerce.2. Foundations of Electronic Commerce2.1 Definition of Electronic Commerce Electronic Commerce is an emerging concept that describes the process of buying and selling or exchanging of products, services, and information via computer networks incl
12、uding the Internet. Kalakota and Whinston (1997) define EC from these perspectives:From a communications perspective, EC is the delivery of information, products/services, or payments over telephone lines, computer networks, or any other electronic means.From a business process perspectives, EC is t
13、he application of technology toward the automation of business transactions and work flow.From a service perspective, EC is a tool that addresses the desire of firms, consumers, and management to cut service costs while improving the quality of goods and increasing the speed of service delivery.From
14、 an online perspective, EC provides the capability of buying and selling products and information on the internet and other online services.The term commerce is viewed by some as transactions conducted between business partners. Therefore, the term electronic commerce seems to be fairly narrow to so
15、me people. Thus, many use the term e-business. It refers to a broader definition of EC, not just buying and selling but also servicing customers and collaborating with an organization. According to Lou Gerstner, IBMs CEO:“E-business is all about cycle time, speed, globalization, enhanced productivit
16、y, reaching new customers and sharing knowledge across institutions for competitive advantage.2.2 The Scope of Electronic Commerce Electronic Commerce (e-Commerce) is a term popularized by the advent of commercial services on the internet. Internet e-Commerce is however, only one part of the overall
17、 sphere of e-commerce. The commercial use of the internet is perhaps typified by once-off sales to consumers. Other types of transactions use other technologies. Electronic Markets（EMs）are in use in a number of trade segments with an emphasis on search facilities and Electronic Data Interchange(EDI)
18、 is used for regular and standardized transactions between organizations. The mainstream of e-Commerce consists of these three areas: (1)Electronic Markets:An electronic market is the use of information and communications technology to present a range of offerings available in a market segment so th
19、at the purchaser can compare the prices (and other attributes) of the offerings and make a purchase decision. The usual examples Of an electronic market is an airline booking system.(2)Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)EDI provides a standardized system for coding trade transactions so that they can
20、communicate directly from one computer system to another without the need for printed orders and invoices and the delays and errors implicit in paper handing. EDI is used by organizations that make a large number of regular transactions. One sector where EDI is extensively used is the large supermar
21、ket chains which use EDI for transactions with their suppliers.（3)Internet Commerce:Information and communications technologies can also be used to advertise and make once-off sales of a wide range of goods and services. This type of e-Commerce is typified by the commercial use the Internet. The int
22、ernet can, be used for the purchase of books that are then delivered by post or the booking for tickets that can be picked up by the clients when they arrive at the event. It is to be noted that the internet is not the only technology used for this type of service and this not the only use of the in
23、ternet in e-commerce.From an online perspective, EC provides the capability of buying and selling products and information on the internet and other online services.The term commerce is viewed by some as transactions conducted between business partners. Therefore, the term electronic commerce seems
24、to be fairly narrow to some people. Thus, many use the term e-business. It refers to a broader definition of EC, not just buying and selling but also servicing customers and collaborating with an organization. According to Lou Gerstner, IBMs CEO:“E-business is all about cycle time, speed, globalizat
25、ion, enhanced productivity, reaching new customers and sharing knowledge across institutions for competitive advantage.2.3 Classification of the EC by the nature of the transactionsA common classification of EC is by the nature of transaction. The following types are distinguished:Business-to-busine
26、ss (B to B).Most of EC today is of this type. It includes the ISO transaction describes earlier and electronic transactions between organizations.Business-to -consumer (B to C) These are retailing transactions with individual shoppers. The typical shopper at A is computer, or customer.Consumer-to-co
27、nsumer(C to C).In this category consumer sells directly to consumers. Examples are individuals selling in classified ads () and selling residential property, cars, and so on. Advertising personal services on the internet and selling knowledge and expertise is another example of C to C. Several aucti
28、on sites allow individuals to put items up for auctions. Finally, many individuals are using intranets and other organizational internal notes works to advertise items for sale or services.Consumer-to-business(C to B).This category includes individuals who sell products or services to organizations,
29、 as well as individuals who seek sellers, interact with them, and conclude a transaction. Notice that what we described as IOS is part of B to B Electronic markets, on the other hand, can be associated with either B to B or with B to C.2.4 The Characteristics of E-commerceDifferent from the traditio
30、nal commercial ways, the superiority of electronic commerce is obvious. The following is a simple illustration:Firstly, there is no limit of time and space in EC, which enlarges the trading opportunity. Through the Internet, the provider and customer are not confined by the factors such as working h
31、ours and regions, and can offer the order and deal with the business around 24 hours of a day without going outside. The Internet surmounts the limit of regions or nations and connects the whole world into a global village. And the trans-regional and the cross-national electronic commerce can also b
32、e finished in the mouse clicking.Secondly, EC reduces the cost and enhances the trading efficiency. In the traditional commerce, a deal can only be made after the two sides participating the display, negotiating for several times and cautiously inspecting. A good example is the cross-national trade,
33、 the cost of which often makes many small and medium-sized enterprises be awed at the sight; moreover, the achievement of a trade calls for a long round of time. However, after the realization of electronic commerce, the identity and the credit authentication of the two sides can both be carried out
34、 online. Negotiation, signing the transportation and the allocation are all finished online, which greatly reduces the cost and enhances the trading efficiency.Thirdly, on the basis of the conformation of traditional commerce, EC has created new commercial opportunities. EC is a kind of brand-new co
35、mmercial pattern, and several new types of trading means and methods would be created to adapt to EC.Fourthly, the interactive characteristic of EC improves the quality of service. The interactive function is the biggest superiority of EC, by which the customer may order the product he or she likes
36、by illustrating his or her demand on the network, so that the manufacturer will get the users demand and adjust the production accordingly, which greatly improves the quality of service. In addition, the manufacturer may receive the markets feedback information through the online investigation or th
37、e online advisory service, which in turn improves the production.3. Impact of E-commerce on international tradeAt present, the economical globalization has become a tendency, and the development of information technology revolution and Internet are urging the industry economy to transform to the inf
38、ormation economy as well as the knowledge economy. Along with the fast development of information technology, the tendency of economical globalization and integration is speeding up unceasingly. The widespread application of information technology on the internet, as well as the realization of inter
39、nationalization, information and paperless-ness of commercial activities through the computer, the network correspondence and the Internet have become a major tendency of the commercial development all over the world.3.1 Significant increase of trading efficiencyIn international trade transactions,
40、the cost mainly refers to the cost of the sale and the information required during the search, contract formation and implementation of after-sales service, costs etc. The use of e-commerce to international trade, buyers and sellers can use standardized, electronic format, contracts, bills of lading
41、, insurance certificates, invoices and bills of exchange, letters of credit, so that all relevant documents on the Internet can be realized instantaneous transmission, significant saving in a single permit the transmission time. Because reduce of the paper-based documents in the data re-entry caused
42、 by a variety of errors, the role of improving transaction efficiency is very obvious. E-commerce allows businesses to large from the Internet to get information they need to significantly reduce search costs. According to the United States Forbes statistics show that e-commerce business transaction
43、 costs can save 5% -10%. Can be seen, e-commerce can significantly reduce the cost of international trade. 3.2 All-weather operations and improvement of customer satisfactoryBecause there is time difference throughout the world to conduct international business negotiations is quite inconvenient for
44、 enterprise is concerned, under the conditions provided in the traditional 7 days a week 24 hours a day customer service often feel powerless. The use of e-commerce can do 24 all-weather service, any client can be anywhere in the world, at any time from the Internet to be related to a variety of bus
45、iness information companies. E-commerce around the clock, continuous operations enables customers worldwide have ready access to the information required for export enterprises has brought more orders, and can greatly enhance the success rate of transactions. E-commerce by reducing transaction costs
46、 and trading prices, improve efficiency, and constantly create additional business opportunities, these additional business opportunities on the one hand be able to lower prices and increased international demand; on the other hand, it can create new trade, so that those costs too high or the implem
47、entation of difficult trade-offs have become a viable addition, e-commerce could be a means to complement traditional transactions, together with the physical carriage of goods to complete the transaction. In short, e-commerce, because of breaking the constraints of time, making cross-border transmi
48、ssion of information and resource sharing become a reality to meet the requirements of the rapid growth of international trade, thereby contributing to the development of international trade. 3.3 E-commerce led to changes in trading ways of business In the traditional trade patterns, trade intermedi
49、ary in the international market occupies an important position. Extensive use of e-commerce, enabling the market to generate a large number of virtual enterprise. This virtual organization in the function and effect has been far beyond the original intermediary companies, or even to extend rapidly around the world. As the virtual enterprise, Internet companies in the professional field have ex
