1、US vs. Union of Soviet Socialist RepublicsDemocracy vs. CommunismCapitalism vs. Socialism,1.What is Cold War? 2.why did USA exert the policy of Cold War? The essence of Cold War3.The performance of USA and USSR in politic,economy,military science4.Which event marked the begin and Which event marked
2、the end of Cold War? 5.The process of Soviet hegemony6.The efforts of the Cold War,outline,何谓“冷战”（What is Cold War),冷战是指：1947年1991年间美国为首的西方资本主义国家和苏联为首社会主义国家两个阵营除直接交战以外，在经济、政治、军事、外交、文化、意识形态等各方面都处于对抗状态的时期。,Cold War refers to:1947-1991 years the United States led western capitalist countries and the So
3、viet Union socialist countries two camps in addition to the direct engagement, in economic, political, military, diplomatic, cultural, ideological and other aspects are in a state of confrontation period.,两大阵营与军事集团社会主义阵营：苏联为首华沙条约组织（华约1955）The socialist camp 资本主义阵营：美国为首北大西洋公约组织（北约1949）The capitalist
4、camp,美苏争霸的过程,50年代中期至60年代中期赫鲁晓夫肯尼迪第二次柏林危机 古巴导弹危机缓和紧张优势在美,80年代戈尔巴乔夫里根美转强硬苏联收缩,60年代中期至70年代末勃列日涅夫尼克松阿富汗战争苏攻美守,Beginning of war:,The historians have so far not reached any agreement on the time in which the Cold War began. It is, however, quite safe to say that since 1947 when President Truman of the Uni
5、ted States declared an anti-communist policy, the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union has begun.,Truman Doctrine 杜鲁门主义,Causes of Cold War,There were deep-rooted ideological, economic and political differences between the United States and the Soviet Union before the Second World
6、War. These differences were intensified as a result of their mutual suspicions immediately after the Second World War.,Causes of Cold War,(1) Underlying causes (i) Ideological (意识形态的) (ii) Economic (iii) Power rivalry(竞争) (2) Immediate Causes Leading to the Cold War (i) Extension of Russian influenc
7、e in Europe (ii) The reactions of the United States (iii) Poor relations between the United States and the Soviet Union,Goals of the 2 countries,The United States, greatly expanded and enhanced in its strength in W. W. II, felt it had the power to establish American leadership in the world and open
8、the world market to American goods and capital. So it wanted to break down the Soviet sphere of influence前苏联的势力范围 in Eastern Europe.,The Soviet Union, out of its own security concern and fear of capitalist encirclement, 资本主义的包围was determined to keep its hold on the Eastern European countries and to
9、defend its sphere of influence at all costs.,&,The Full Cold War,The local hot wars,The Full Cold War,The Western GroupNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) （北大西洋公约组织）,The Eastern GroupThe Warsaw Treaty Organization(华沙条约组织),The Signing of NATO,April 4, 1949, 12foreign ministers of the United Sta
10、tes, Canada, Britain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxemburg, Iceland,Denmark, Norway, Portugal and Italyheld the North Atlantic Treaty signing ceremony in Washington. August 24,the North Atlantic Treatyentered into force.,The Signing of the Warsaw Treaty Organization,Sovietrepresentative Marsh
11、alZhukovsignedthe treaty. May 14, 1955,the Warsaw Treaty Organization was established.,Cold War tensions increased in the US when the USSR exploded its first atomic bomb in 1949.,Cold War tensions increased in the USSR when the US exploded its first hydrogen bomb in 1952. It was 1000 times more powe
12、rful than the Hiroshima atomic bomb.,Arms Race,Space Race,Cold War tensions increased in the US when the USSR launched Sputnik I, the first artificial satellite into geocentric orbit on October 4, 1957. The race to control space was on.,April 12, 1961: Yuri Gagarin became first human in space and fi
13、rst to orbit Earth.US felt a loss of prestige and increased funding for space programs and science education.On May 25,1961, Kennedy gave a speech challenging America to land a man on the moon and return him safely by the end of the decade.Apollo 11 landed on the moon on July 16, 1969.,Built in1961,
14、Demolished in 1989,Berlin Wall,The Cuban Missile Crisis(1962),The crisis began on October 15, 1962 whenreconnaissance revealed Soviet missiles under construction in Cuba. After seven days of intense debate within the White House, Kennedy imposed a blockade around Cuba to stop the arrival of more Sov
15、iet missiles. On October 22, Kennedy announced the discovery of the missiles and his decision to blockade Cuba and that any attack launched from Cuba would be regarded as an attack on the US by the USSR and demanded that the Soviets remove all of their offensive weapons from Cuba. October 27 was the
16、 worst day of the crisis. A U-2 spy plane was shot down over Cuba. Tensions finally began to ease on October 28 when Khrushchev announced that he would dismantle the installations and remove the missiles, expressing his trust that the US would not invade Cuba. Further negotiations were held to imple
17、ment the October 28 agreement, including a US demand that Soviet bombers be removed from Cuba, and specifying the exact form and conditions of US assurances not to invade Cuba.,左边漫画表示的是古巴导弹危机中赫鲁晓夫和美国总统肯尼迪的较量。,The local hot wars 局域武装冲突,Whats the local hot wars?the Korean War the Vietnam War the Afgha
18、nistan Issue,The Korean War (19501953),On 25 June 1950, the young Cold War（1945-1990）suddenly turned hot, bloody and expensive. Within a few days, North Koreas invasion to South Korea brought about a United Nations “police action” .That immediately produced heavy military involvement by the United S
19、tates. So the Korean War began.,This was the rough battle plan to the Communist NorthKorea.The operational tools wantonly invaded the Communist North Korea from all directions.,Although the U.S.A didnt fail in battle,it was a fatal mistake during the Cold War.This event turned the U.S.A from a wonde
20、rful position to the opposite ,and it was also Americans Waterloo.,The Vietnam War(19551975),The Afghanistan Issue(19791989),Soviet Union wanted to control the Indian Ocean through holding Afghanistan for reaching the goal of taking over the world.,The End of the Cold War,The economic collapse desto
21、rys the fragile political system of USSRIn 1991,the disintegration of the Soviet Union means the end of the Cold War.,1991年，苏联解体，美苏“两极格局”随之结束。两极格局随之结束,形成一超多强局面 世界格局向多极化发展,Effects of Cold War,First, Cold War has been so far the largest and the most affected, the longest, the most widely spread war, w
22、hich has far-reaching impacts on the human world. Second ,under the influence and inspiration of cold war, Eastern Europe and Asia witnessed a series foundation of peoples democratic countries .Third, it promoted depth development of the national liberation movements.Fourth, it promoted the awakening of peace-loving people .Fifth, it objectively promoted the development of technology .,Peace is the theme of the time.All the nations in the world should make a contribution to the world peace.,
