1、2011 年12 月英语四级考试真题答案及听力 MP32012 年03 月 14日 14:17 新东方在线摘要：2011 年12 月英语四级考试真题答案及听力 MP32011 年 12 月英语 四级成绩 2月 21 日开始查询Part Writing (30 minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡 1上For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous sayi
2、ng, “Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. Ive done it hundreds of times.“ You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)Why Integrity MattersWhat is Integrity?The key to integrity is consistency-not only setting hig
3、h personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each day. One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical standards even when making lifes hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to
4、succeed, or temptation.What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse of integrity also affects our relationships with others. Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who
5、 can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals.Risky BusinessWe are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn f
6、rom our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future.Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we cant see the risks were taking, we cant make responsible
7、choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesnt know the rules about plagiarism may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite so
8、urces as required. But the fact that such a violation is “unintentional“ does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a defense.“But Everybody Does It“Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks theyre taking by using excuses: “Everyo
9、ne else does it,“ “Im not hurting anyone,“ or “I really need this grade.“ Excuses can get very elaborate: “I know Im looking at anothers exam, even though Im supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but thats not cheating because Im just checking my answers, not copying.“ We must be honest about ou
10、r actions, and avoid excuses. If we fool ourselves into believing were not doing anything wrong, we cant see the real choice were making-and that leads to bad decisions.To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone
11、could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or ashamed of your actions? If youd rather hide your actions, thats a good indication that youre taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself.Evaluating RisksTo decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences, in t
12、he future as well as right now, negative as well as positive, and to others as well as to yourself. Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediate benefits (“whats in it for me“), and simply havent considered what might go wrong. The consequences of getting caught are serious, and
13、 may include a “0“ on a test or assignment; an “F“ in the class; suspension or dismissal from school; transcript notation; and a tarnished reputation. In fact, when you break a rule or law, you lose control over your life, and give others the power to impose punishment: you have no control over what
14、 that punishment might be. This is an extremely precarious and vulnerable position. There may be some matters of life and death, or highest principle, which might justify such a risk, but there arent many things that fall in this category.Getting Away With It-Or NotThose who dont get caught pay an e
15、ven higher price. A cheater doesnt learn from the test, depriving him/herself of an education. Cheating undermines confidence and independence: the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed. Cheating destroys self-esteem and integrity, leaving the cheater ashame
16、d, guilty, and afraid of getting caught. Worst of all, a cheater who doesnt get caught the first time usually cheats again, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems “easier.“ This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster. Eventually, the ch
17、eater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences. Students have been dismissed from school because they didnt get this simple message: Honesty is the ONLY policy that works.Cheating Hurts Others, TooCheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions “dont count“ and do
18、nt really hurt anyone. But individual choices have a profound cumulative effect. Cheating can spread like a disease, and a cheater can encourage others just by being seen from across the room. Recent statistics suggest 30% or more of college students cheat. If a class is graded on a curve, cheating
19、hurts others grades. Even if there is no curve, cheating “poisons“ the classroom, and others may feel pressured to join in. (“If I dont cheat, I cant compete with those who do.“) Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers. The real reward of good teaching is seeing students learn, but .a che
20、ater says, “Im not interested in what youre trying to teach; all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on others.“ The end result is a blatant and destructive attack on the quality of your education. Finally, cheating can hurt the reputation of the University, and harm those who
21、 worked hard for their degree.Why Integrity MattersIf cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble. .We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others every day. If not, we couldnt put money in the bank, buy food, clothing, or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane,
22、go to the dentist-the list is endless. There are many examples of the vast harm that is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty can have. The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and, of course, .Watergate, have undermined the faith of many
23、Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole. Such incidents take a tremendous toll on our nations economy and our individual well-being. For example, but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and pay for e
24、ducation.In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society. Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrity in order to build the kind of world in which we want to live.1. A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _
25、。A) sticks to them in their daily life B) makes them known to othersC) understands their true values D) sees that others also follow them2. What role does integrity play in personal and professional relationships?A) It helps to create team spirit B) It facilitates communicationC) It is the basis of
26、mutual trust D) It inspires mutual respect3. Why must we learn to identify the risks we are going to take?A. To ensure we make responsible choices B. To avoid being overwhelmed by stressC. so that we dont break any rules D. so that we dont run into trouble4. Violation of a rule is misconduct even if
27、 _A. it has caused no harm B. it is claimed to be unintentionalC. it has gone unnoticed D. it is committed with good intentions5. What should one do if he doesnt wish to fool himself?A. Avoid making excuses B. Listen to other peoples adviceC. Make his intensions public D. Have others watch over his
28、shoulder6. Those who take risks they regret later on _。A. will often become more cautious B. are usually very aggressiveC. value immediate benefits most D. may lose everything in the end7. According to the author, a cheater who doesnt get caught right away will _A. pay more dearly B. become more con
29、fidentC. be widely admired D. feel somewhat lucky8. Cheaters at exam dont care about their education, all they care about is how to _9. Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on peoples _10. Many Americans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of _Part III
30、Listening ComprehensionSection A11. A. Read the notice on the window B. Get a new bus scheduleC. Go and ask the staff D. Board the bus to Cleveland12. A. He was looking forward to seeing the giraffes.B. He enjoyed watching the animal performance.C. He got home too late to see the TV specialD. He fel
31、l asleep in the middle of the TV program.13. A. She wants to take the most direct way.B. She may be late for the football game.C. She is worried about missing her flight.D. She is currently caught in a traffic jam.14. A. At a restaurant B. In a fish shop C. At a clinic D. On a fishing boat15. A. He
32、is an experienced sales manager.B. He is being interviewed for a job.C. He is a close friend of the woman.D. He is good at answering tricky questions.16. A. The man should consider his privacy first.B. The man will choose a low-rent apartment.C. The man is not certain if he can find a quieter placeD
33、. The man is unlikely to move out of the dormitory.17. A. The woman is going to make her topic more focused.B. The man and woman are working on a joint project.C. One should choose a broad topic for a research paper.D. It tool a lot of time to get the man on the right track.18. A. They went camping
34、this time last year.B. They didnt quite enjoy their last picnic.C. They learned to cooperate under harsh conditions.D. They werent experienced in organizing picnics.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A. H e likes Sweden better than England.B. He prefers hot weat
35、her to cold weather.C. He is an Englishman living in Sweden.D. He visits London nearly every winter.20. A. The bad weather B. The gloomy winter C. The cold houses D. The long night21. A. Delightful B. Painful C. Depressing D. Refreshing22. A. They often stay up late reading B. They work hard and pla
36、y hardC. They like to go camping in summer D. They try to earn more and spend moreQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A. English Literature B. Management C. French D. Public Administration24. A. English teaching B. Staff trainingC. Careers guidance D. Psychologic
37、al counseling25. A. Its generous scholarships B. Its worldwide fameC. Its well-designed courses D. Its pleasant environmentSection BPassage One26. A. Characteristics of Japanese artists B. Some features of Japanese cultureC. The art of Japanese brush painting D. The uniqueness of Japanese art27. A.
38、To calm themselves down B. To enhance concentrationC. To show their impatience D. To signal lack of interest28. A. How listeners in different cultures show respectB. How speakers can win approval from the audienceC. How speakers can misunderstand the audienceD. How different Western and Eastern art
39、forms arePassage Two29. A. Directing personnel evaluation B. Buying and maintaining equipmentC. Drawing up plans for in-service training D. Interviewing and recruiting employees30. A. Some of his equipment was damaged in a fireB. The training program he ran was a failureC. Two of his workers were in
40、jured at work D. Two of his employees committed theft31. A. A better relationship with his boss B. Advancement to a higher positionC. A better-paying job in another company D. Improvement in the companys management32. A. She has more self-confidence than ChrisB. She works with Chris in the same divi
41、sionC. She has more management experience than ChrisD. She is competing with Chris for the new jobPassage Three33. A. They help us see the important values of a cultureB. They guide us in handling human relationshipsC. They help us express ourselves more effectivelyD. They are an infinite source of
42、human knowledge34. A. Their wording may become different B. The values they reflect may changeC. Their origins can no longer be traced D. They may be misinterpreted occasionally35. A. Certain values are shared by a large number of culturesB. Some proverbs are assuming more and more importanceC. Old
43、proverbs are constantly replaced by new onesD. Certain values have always been central to a cultureSection CDictationOur lives are woven together. As much as I enjoy my own 36_. I no longer imagine I can get through a 37_ day, much less all my life, 38_ on my own. Even if I am on 39_ in the mountain
44、s, I am eating food someone else has grown, living in a house some else has built, wearing clothes someone else has 40_ from cloth woven by others, using 41_ someone else is distributing to my house. 42_ of interdependence is everywhere. We are on this 43_ together.As I was growing up, 44_. “Make yo
45、ur own way”, “stand on your own two feet”, or my mothers favorite remark when I was face-to-face with consequences of some action: “Now that youve made your bed, lie on it!” Total independence is a dominant theme in our culture, I imagine that 45_ _. But the teaching was shaped by our cultural image
46、s, and instead I grew up believing that I was supposed to be totally “independent” and consequently became very reluctant to ask for help.46_.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Section AWith the worlds population estimated to grow from six to nine billion by 2050, researchers, businesse
47、s and governments are already dealing with the impact this increase will have on everything from food and water to infrastructure an jobs. Underlying all this 47_ will be the demand for energy, which is expected to double over the next 40 years.Finding the resources to meet this demand in a 48_, sus
48、tainable way is the cornerstone of our nations energy security, and will be one of the major 49_ of the 21st century. Alternative forms of energy - bio-fuels, wind and solar, to name a few - are 50_ being funded and developed, and will play a growing 51_ in the worlds energy supply. But experts say that, even when 52_, alternative energy sources will likely meet only about 30% of the worlds energy needs by 2050.For example, even with 53_ investm
