1、(原创)初中英语 1600 单词奇速记忆法 (二)昨天晚上我们推出了初中英语 1600 单词奇速记忆法的第一讲 串句奇速记忆法引起了空间的反响，短短数小时，点击 800 多次，转载 200 多次，今天我们奇速英语全国名师大联盟团队特级教师继续把几十年教学中积累的宝贵经验分享出来，形成一系列速记单词法，每天推出一讲。今天我们推出的是第二讲奇速英语歌诀速记法，现通过蔡章兵总编的腾讯认证空间博客全国首发。特别提醒版权所有，如腾讯以外的媒体和个人摘抄部分内容或转载请务必注明出处（奇速英语/蔡章兵主编 QQ757722345 空间）。因为篇幅有限，我们选择一部分单词进行说明，希望能起到抛砖引玉作用，并且
2、我们也相信各位师生能通过我们的例子熟练掌握这种方法了。第二讲 奇速英语歌诀速记法用“歌诀”识记单词的词形、词义和用法，可化枯燥为有趣，化繁琐为简洁。本部分介绍的“歌诀”或“顺口溜”速记法，有的是词形、词义形象识记，有的是词义、用法趣味识记，同学们可不妨一试。1. money 与 monkey 的拼写与词义money 和 monkey 只有一个字母之差，有趣的是 monkey（猴）是 money（钱）中多了一个“k”。我们可以用下面这个“歌诀”速记它们的拼写和词义：请看例句：They used up all their money in less than three months. 不到三个月
3、，他们就把所有的钱都花完了。Let me tell you a story about a clever little monkey. 我来给你讲一个关于一只聪明小猴子的故事。【趁热打铁】选 money 或 monkey 完成句子。1) He gave me a book, a pen and some _ as well.2) One day, the old man bought a _ from the market.2. county 与 country 的拼写与词义county 和 country 只有一个字母之差，可巧的是 country（国家）是 county（县）中多了一个“r
4、 ”。我们可以用下面这个 “歌诀”速 记它们的拼写和词义：请看例句：They hurried through the work and started off for the county town. 他们赶忙把工作做完，然后动身到县城去。We have achieved great success in the cause of building up our country. 我们在建设我们国家的事业中取得了巨大的成就。【趁热打铁】选 county 或 country 完成句子。3) I like that _, but I have no chance to go there.4) Ou
5、r small town is close to the _ town. 4. push 与 pull 的拼写与词义push 表示“推”，pull 表示“拉”，有时我们容易混淆词义。 pull 的词形很有意思，结尾的两个“ll”就像两根绳子，有绳子的便为 “拉”。我们可以用下面这个表示“形象”的顺口溜速记它们的拼写和词义：请看例句：We still have a chance to push things there in the right direction. 我们仍有机会去推动那里的事物朝正确的方向发展。If you grasp this rope, I will pull you up
6、. 如果你抓住这根绳子，我可把你拉上来。【趁热打铁】选 push 或 pull 完成句子。7) I can _ you up again when you call out to me.8) She asked the man whether he could give her a _.5. lock 与 clock 的拼写与词义lock 用作名词时意思是“锁”，用作动词时意思是“锁；锁门；锁定”；clock 是名词，意思是“钟”。很有意思的是，lock 前加个 c，“锁”便变成了“钟”。请用下面的“顺口溜”辨别它们的含义：请看例句：At that moment he heard Gills
7、key turning in the lock of the door. 那时他听到吉尔的钥匙在门锁里转动的声音。I like to stay up until midnight or even later on my natural clock. 我很喜欢熬夜, 一直到午夜或者更晚,这是我的生物钟。【趁热打铁】选 lock 或 clock 完成句子。9) The _ is old and doesnt tell the right time now.10) Dont foget to _ all the doors when you leave home. 7. 表示“到达”的 reach,
8、 get，arrivereach, get 和 arrive 都可以表示“到达”，但表示“到达某地”的用法不同。reach 是及物动词，后面直接跟“某地”作宾语；get 要先接 to 再接“某地”；arrive 要先接 at 或 in 再接“某地”，接“小地点”时通常用 at，接“大地点”时通常用 in。我们可以用下面这个“歌诀”速记它们的用法辨异：请看例句：It began to rain when the climbers reached the top of the mountain. 那些登山者到达山顶时，天开始下雨了。I was going to phone you when I g
9、ot to Beijing, but I forgot because I was too busy. 我本打算一到北京就给你打电话，但由于我太忙而忘记了。When we arrived at the mountain village, the villagers gave us a warmly welcome. 当我们到达那个山村时，村民们热烈地欢迎我们。They arrived in Shanghai at midnight and checked into Shanghai Hotel. 他们于午夜抵达上海，并登记住进了上海饭店。【趁热打铁】选 reach, get 或 arrive
10、并用适当时态完成句子。25) Some reports say that she _ in Paris only three weeks ago.26) When I _ to the railway station, the train had gone.27) Mary didnt tell me when she _ London.28) They _ at the small island in a small boat.8. have gone to 与 have been to 的区别“have/has gone to+某地”与 “have/has been to+某地”极易混淆。
11、“have/has gone to+某地”表示“某人已经到某地去了，但尚未回来”；“have/has been to+某地”表示“某人曾经到某地去过，已经回来了”。我们可以用下面的“歌诀”速记它们的用法区别：比较下面的对话： I cant find Jack. Do you know where he is? 我找不到杰克，你知道他在哪儿吗？He has gone to Shanghai. He left here yesterday. He will come back in a week. 他到上海去了。他是昨天离开这儿的，将在一个星期后回来。 Have you ever been to
12、England? 你去过英国吗？Yes, I have. I went there three years ago. 去过，三年前去的。【趁热打铁】A) 选 have/has gone to 或 have/has been to 完成句子。29) He _ Shanghai several times since 1998.30) They are not here. They _ Australia.31) She _ Canada and will stay there for two months.32) We _ the Science Museum only once.B) 选 ha
13、ve been, has been, have gone 或 has gone 完成对话。33. Where is Wang Tao?He _ to Beijing to see her uncle.34. Where are Li Ming and Wu dong?They _ to the library.35. Do you know where Kate is?Yes. She _ to the cinema with her friends.36. Have you ever been to the Mount Lu before?No, but I _ to the Mount T
14、ai many times.37. Is Mr. Wang at home?Sorry, he isnt in. He _ to Hangzhou.38. I havent seen your parents recently.Oh, they _ to Fujian.39. Does your elder brother know Changsha very well?Yes. He _ there at least ten times.40. May I speak to the manager?Sorry, he _ to Kunming on business.41. Mary lik
15、es that restaurant very much, doesnt she?Yes. She _ there for lunch many times.42. Have you ever been to Shanghai before?Yes, but I _ to Nanjing once.9. do with 与 deal with 用法辨异do with 和 deal with 都可以表示 “对付、处理”，但 do with 与 what 连用，而 deal with 则与 how 连用。请用下面“顺口溜”辨别它们的用法：请再比较例句：What did you do with th
16、e money? 你是怎么处理那笔钱的？How did you deal with the letter? 你是怎么处理那封信的？【趁热打铁】A) 选 do with 或 deal with 完成句子。43) How shall we _ these new challenges?44) What can we _ all of the information? 45) They will discuss how to _ these characters.46) You should decide what to _ the money. B) 根据每题汉语意思，填词完成英语句子。47) 他
17、们询问我们怎样和顾客打交道。They asked us how we _ customers.48) 那就是他们如何处置那些变质牛奶的。That was what they _ the bad milk.49) 他们马上知道了怎样处理那条信息。They know immediately what _ the message.50) 他们教他怎样处理那些问题。They taught him how _ the problems.10. spend, take 与 cost 表示“花费”虽然 spend, take 和 cost 都可以表示“花费”，但用法却不相同。spend 表示“花费”时，要用
18、“人”作“主语”；take 和 cost 表示“花费”时， “人”通常是 take 或 cost 的“宾语”。我们可以用下面的“顺口溜”速记它们的用法区别：请比较例句：John spent eighty dollars on the dictionary. 约翰买那本词典花了八十美元。I spent an hour (in) working out this problem. 我花了一个小时才算出这道难题。He spent years in the forest, but he didnt find the plant. 他在森林里度过了好多年，但是他还是没有找到那种植物。It takes m
19、e about two hours to do my homework every day. 我每天大约要花两个小时来完成家庭作业。It took him two hours to get there by train. 坐火车到那里花了他两个小时的时间。The house cost them a large sum of money. 这座房子花去他们一大笔钱。They told me it would be cheap, but in fact it cost me nearly 500 yuan. 他们说它会很便宜，但实际上它却花了我将近 500 元钱。【温馨提示】1.并非每个 take
20、 或 cost 后都必须接 “人”作宾语，在无需提到宾语时， take 后可用“时间、毅力”等作宾语，cost 后可用“金钱”作宾语。请看例句：It takes at least two hours go there by bus. 坐公共汽车去那儿至少要花两个小时。It takes time and perseverance to master the skills. 要精通这些技巧，需要花费时间和毅力。How much does it cost to send this to Shanghai? 把这个东西寄到上海要花多少钱？It will cost you a lot of money
21、to buy a house in this part of the city. 在本市的这个地段买房子将要花费你一大笔钱。2.cost 还可以表示“以（牺牲）为代价”，结构式 cost sb. their life/job/ career。请看例句：It cost him his life to drive after drinking. 酒后驾车让他付出了生命的代价。The mans rude behavior cost him his job. 这个人的粗鲁行为让他付出了失去工作的代价。Her marriage cost her career. 她的婚姻使她放弃了职业。【趁热打铁】A)
22、选 spend, take 或 cost 并用适当时态完成句子。51) She _ thousands of dollars on advertising that did not work.52) It _ me a second to recognize him when I saw him.53) It _ her ten thousand dollars to buy the dress.54) They _ one year together in the United States.55) It _ my father about 35 minutes to get to the
23、office every morning.56) That suit hanging over there _ me a lot of money.B) 根据每题汉语意思，填词完成英语句子。57) 这错误使公司损失了一百万英镑。The error _ the company one million pounds.58) 我去购物，把我所带的钱都买了衣服。I went shopping and _ all my money on clothes.59) 他们每天花半小时进行体育锻炼。It _ them half an hour to do sports every day.60) 我们花了长达六
24、年时间才学会英语。It _ us as long as six years to master English.61) 修建那座大桥花了他们两年时间。They _ over two years building the bridge.62) 修理这台收音机将要花费你 20 美元。It will _ you twenty dollars to get the radio repaired.63) 你知道这个月我们花了多少钱吗？Do you know how much we _ this month?64) 他费了很长时间才到达山顶。It _ him a long time to reach th
25、e top of the hill.65) 他们花了很多钱为他们的新产品做广告。They _ a lot of money in advertising their new products.66). 取得一个驾驶执照需要多少钱?How much does it _ to get a driving license.17. such 与 so 的用法区别such 和 so 都可以表示“如此、那样 ”，然而，它们后面“冠词、形容词和名词”的词序不同，很容易混淆。我们可以用下面的“歌诀”速记它们的词序及用法：一、“such 先 冠后形”的意思是：such 后的词序是“冠词+形容词+名词”。请看例句
26、：It was such a lovely day that all my friends went for a picnic that day. 那天天气是那么好，我所有的朋友都出去野餐了。After all, it was not normal or healthy to have such a narrow interest. 毕竟，仅有这样一个狭窄的兴趣是不正常或是不健康的。二、“so 先形后冠”的意思是：so 后的词序是“形容词+冠词+名词”。请看例句：It was so hot lovely a day that all my friends went swimming that
27、day. 那天天气是那么热，我所有的朋友都去游泳了。Never have we seen so bright a future before us. 我们从来都没有看到过这样光明的前途。三、“无冠便用 such”的意思是：如果后面的名词是复数或是不可数名词，则只能与 such 连用，不能用 so。请看例句：What fun it is to go hiking in such warm spring days! 在这么温暖的春天里去远足该多有意思啊！（days 属复数形式，不能与不定冠词 a 或 an 连用，因此只能用 such，不能用 so。）I wonder whether he will
28、 come in such bad weather. 天气这么糟糕，我不知他是否会来。（whether 属不可数名词，不能与不定冠词 a 或 an 连用，因此只能用 such，不能用so。）四、“有冠可以转换”的意思是：“such+冠词+形容词+名词”可以转换为“so+形容词+冠词+名词”的形式。例如：She is such a good teacher that we all like her. 她是那么好的老师，我们大家都喜欢她。（可以转换为：She is so good a teacher that we all like her.）I have never met such a kin
29、d person before. 我以前从未遇到过心肠如此之好的人。（可以转换为：I have never met so kind a person before.）【温馨提示】如果形容词是表示“多、少”的 much, many, little, few，则只能与 so连用。注意：little 表示“小的 ”时，依然与 such 连用。请看例句：It is silly of you to spend so much money on cigarettes. 你把这么多的钱花在香烟上真是太蠢了。With so many people to help him, he is sure to succ
30、eed. 有如此多的人来帮助他，他一定会成功的。Dont spend so much time playing computer games. 不要把那么多时间都花在玩电脑游戏上。Can such little animals eat up so much food? 这么小的动物能吃掉这么多的食物吗？It is impossible for so few workers to do so much work in a single day. 让这么少的工人在一天中完成那么多工作是不可能的。32. 巧记基数词变序数词的特殊变化英语基数词变为序数词时，绝大部分是在基数词的词尾加 th，表示“整十
31、”的 2090的基数词则是变 y 为 ie 后再加 th。例如：fourfourth sixsixth sevenseventhhundredhundredth thousandthousandth millionmillionthtwentytwentieth thirtythirtieth fortyfortiethfiftyfiftieth sixtysixtieth seventyseventietheightyeightieth ninetyninetieth forty-fourforty-fourth然而，five, eight, nine, twelve 等基数词在变成序数词时
32、，要对原词型做些变化后才能再加 th。另外，one, two, three 序数词变化形式更为特殊。我们可以运用下面的“歌诀”速记这些基数词变序数词的变化形式：即：nineninth； eighteighthfivefifth； twelvetwelfth记住这些特殊变化后，其它基数词变序数词的规律就很容易记住了：在词尾直接加th。【温馨提示】序数词有相应的缩略形式。例如：fourth4th twentieth20th one hundredth100thfirst1st second2nd third3rd thirty-first31st two hundred-second202nd e
33、ight hundred-third803rd 【趁热打铁】A) 写出下列各基数词的序数词：107）eight _ 78）twelve _ 79）billion _108）sixty _ 81） seventy _ 82）thirty-three _109）ninety-nine _ 84）forty-four _ 85）twenty-two _110）three thousand and five _B) 写出下列各缩略词的完整形式：111）105th _ 88） 88th _ 89）66th _112）43rd _ 91） 92nd _ 92）301st _113）74th _ 94） 3
34、9th _ 95）612th _114）11th _51. little, a little, few 与 a few 的用法从词义到用法，little 和 a little，few 和 a few 这两组词都是比较容易混淆的。a little 和a few 都表示“肯定”意义，即表示“有一点儿”和“有一些”，而没有 a 的 little和 few 都表示 “否定”意义，即 “几乎没有”；few 和 a few 后接的都是可数名词，而little 和 a little 后接的都是不可数名词。我们可以运用下面的“歌诀”辨别它们的用法：请比较例句：There is a little water i
35、n the bottle. 瓶子里有点水。（a little 表示“肯定”意义，后面接的是不可数名词。）There is little water in the bottle. 瓶子里几乎没有水了。（ little 表示“否定”意义，后面接的是不可数名词。）They have a few good friends. 他们有几个好朋友。（a few 表示“肯定”意义，后面接的是可数名词。）They have few good friends. 他们几乎没有好朋友。（ few 表示“否定”意义，后面接的是可数名词。）【趁热打铁】选 little, a little, few 或 a few 完成句
36、子。167) I held a dinner party for _ close workmates.168) The young lady drinks _, and eats less.169) He does business with a lot of people, but he has _ real friends.170) Let me tell you _ history of my hometown.171) Tom made _ progress in his studies so his parents were very angry.172) How about adding _ sugar to your milk to make it sweeter?173) Too much rain results in poor plants and _ vegetables.174) He is as busy as a bee, so he spends _ time watching TV.175) The fact is that everyone needs _ help now and then.176) Your composition is good except for _ spelling mistakes
