1、1专题 43 议论类完形填空关键词：完形填空,议论类,理解,语境,逻辑推理难度系数：推荐指数：【基础回顾】考点归纳：议论文是高考完形填空中较难的一种文体，一般由三个要素组成：论点、论据、结论。要做好议论文类的完形填空最重要的是抓住作者的论点。不同的议论文论点的提出方式往往不同，大体有以下三种情况：（1）开门见山地提出论点。有些议论文在文章的一开始就提出论点。然后再通过具体的论据去说明论点，论据有时候既有正面的论据，也有反面的论据，最后总结全文。 （2）导入式提出论点。有些议论文会先通过叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象，然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点，再用具体的论据去说
2、明自己的论点。 （3）最后提出论点。有些议论文一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象，而不表明自己的观点，而是通过对具体现象的分析，自然得出一种结论，这种结论往往就是作者的论点。对于纯议论形式的完形填空，要在掌握全文主旨的情况下，抓好每段的首句。抓住了每段的主旨句也就是把握了文章的脉络，理解文意就容易了。 基础必读：完形填空技巧之词汇复现词汇复现包括原词复现、同义词复现、同根词复现、概括词复现以及结构复现等。完形填空所选的文章都是具有逻辑关系、意义相连的语篇，因此，在行文中不可避免地会出现词语的复现、前后同义或反义、相互照应等现象。所以，解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义
3、词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。但由于我们在做题时不可能总是重复地阅读文章，因此，在做完形填空时要培养一种捕捉并记忆相关信息的能力。一、原词或同根词复现原词或同根词复现是指相同的单词或同根词在原文中反复出现，达到衔接文章的目的。2015陕西卷 (节选) Dad had a green comb.He bought it when he married Mum.Every night，he would hand me his _26_and say, “Good girl, help Daddy 2clean it, OK？”26. A. bag B. walletC. comb D. b
4、rush二、同义词或近义词复现同义词或近义词复现是指意义相同或相近的单词在原文中反复出现，以达到衔接文章的目的。在做完形填空试题时，就可以利用这种衔接方式找到要填入单词的同义词或者近义词，从而也就找到了试题的答案。这也包括了同源词复现，即相同词根构成的不同词性的单词在文章中反复出现。2015陕西卷 (节选)I was_27_to do it.At age five，this dull task brought me such_28_I would excitedly turn the tap_29_and brush the comb carefully.Satisfied that Id d
5、one a good job，I would happily return the comb to Dad. He would_30_ affectionately at me and place the comb on his wallet.27. A. annoyed B. relieved C. ashamed D. pleased28. A. joy B. sadness C. courage D. pain29. A. out B. over C. in D. on30. A. stare B. Smile C. shout D. laugh 解析27. D annoyed 恼怒的；
6、relieved 感到宽慰的，放心的；ashamed 惭愧的；pleased 高兴的。根据后文中的 excitedly 可以推断出此处所填词的意思是“高兴的” ，故选 D。28. A joy 高兴；sadness 悲伤；courage 勇气；pain 痛苦。根据后文中的修饰词excitedly，carefully，satisfied 等可以推断出作者对此任务很有兴趣，故选 A。29. D 根据前文中的 clean 和后文中的 brush 可知，动词短语的意思是“打开” ，介词用 on。turn the tap on 意思是“打开水龙头” 。故选 D。330. B stare at sb 盯着某
7、人看；smile at sb 对某人微笑；shout at sb 向某人大喊大叫；laugh at sb 嘲笑某人。根据修饰词 affectionately 可知爸爸对“我”的表现很满意，所以他应该是对“我”微笑，故选 B。【点评】文中的 excitedly 和 pleased 是同义复现。本段中的总体脉络：从excitedly， Satisfied，happily，affectionately 可以看出是高兴，快乐的主题。反义词复现是指和前文中词义相反的单词在原文中出现，以达到衔接文章的目的。我们可以利用这一衔接手段在文章中寻找要填入单词的反义词。2013浙江卷 (节选)I love how
8、 people can seem so different, but end up being so_Agenerous BindependentCsimilar Ddistant解析 C 从前文的 different 知，虽然人们看起来是多么不同，但最终却又如此相似(similar)，故选 C 项。此处 different 与 similar 是一对反义词。四、结构复现有时空格处的信息并不局限于与前一句中某个信息点的重复，可能是与前几句中的某个信息点的重复，也不局限于同词复现或同义复现，甚至连句式结构都非常类似。Many people now think that teachers give
9、 pupils too much homework. They say that it is _1_ for children to work at home in their free time. _2_， they argue that most teachers do not _3_ plan the homework tasks they give to pupils.1A.unnecessary Buninteresting Cunfortunate Dunimportant2A.Nevertheless Bhowever CTherefore DMoreover3A.conside
10、rably Bfavourably Cproperly Dpleasantly4【技能方法】完形填空题要求考生具备的能力之一就是“正确的阅读理解能力” ，同时，还要具备扎实的语法、词汇和文化知识的综合积淀，是一种全面考查考生语言运用能力的题型。做完形填空应该从以下几个方面入手：一、利用首句信息，扑捉文章大意。完形填空题的首句是全文的关键句，或者称为主导句，它是了解文章大意的一个窗口，对理解全文有着重要的启示作用因此，要充分利用段首句提供的信息，去挖掘文章的思路，寻找文章的脉络与线索，展开对文章发展的预测。二、利用逻辑推理，确定语段关系。逻辑推理是通过逻辑连词来实现的，逻辑连词是构成语篇的纽带，
11、考生在解题时要充分利用这些逻辑连词，深刻体会句段之间的理解关系。常用的逻辑连词主要有：（1）词（包括连词、副词和少数介词） ，如 and, but, or, because, though, however, yet, therefore, otherwise, despite 等；（2）短语，如in other words, or rather, in addition, as a result, so that, on the contrary, instead of 等；（3）分句和独立结构，如 that is to say, what is more, all things consi
12、dered 等。三、利用词汇复现，寻找解题线索。语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。语篇中有词汇和结构同现的现象，如与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同时出现，结构同现，同义同现，修饰同现，因果同现等。因此，利用上下文寻找解题信息，确定正确答案。四、利用上下文意，甄别词语差异。 高考完形填空选项的设置一般均属于同一词类，有的甚至在意义上也非常接近。为了顺利解答此类问题，考生在平时记忆单词时，要在例句中把握其用法并能在考试中结合语境，比较四个选项的细微差别，推敲什么是最佳答案。五、利用语法分析，破解句子结构。对语法、词法等基础知识的考查也是完形
13、填空题的命题角度之一。对于这种题，要针对地对语法结构、句式特点、对短文中所设空格中需填的词在句子里作什么成份、哪类词适合、应采取什么形式等等进行必要的分析思考，从而迅速解决问题。比如，选用动词就要考虑各种时态、语态、语气、主谓搭配以及其如何与其他词类使用等一系列问题。六、利用文化常识，轻松选定答案。当对语言的把握不很准确时，可充分利用自己已掌握的文化背景和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，先找出并理解文章主题和主线，并根据主题猜测细节，注意从重复出现的词语中寻找、体会文章表达的氛围。这样将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路轻松解题。5【基础达标】【河南省南阳市第一中学
14、2017 届高三上学期第一次月考】完形填空I guess a boss must be pleased to hear that his employees are sorry to hear hes leaving and that they respected him and appreciated the job hed done. Cards and emails are great, but maybe its just 1 heartwarming to know that kind words are being said 2 “behind your back” .I like
15、 to do the 3 for my students. Of course I give them my own compliments, but I love to let them know when other adults have 4 their good behavior and attitudes. I want them to know that we arent spending our lunch and meeting times 5 about them all the time! I want them to know that we often express
16、our 6 in working with this 7 group of kids, and I want them to know why!I 8 myself when someone finds how my teenage grandchildren are turning into such fine young people. Then its absolutely 9 to let them know it too! I want them to know that people notice them, and that it 10 when what they notice
17、 is good and praiseworthy.Ive known, from the other side, how much this can 11 . I often lack confidence in my own abilities as a teacher, so it gave me quite a 12 when a friend who works with families in the community 13 that he has heard several times from parents how glad they are to have their k
18、ids in my class. It just feels more important 14 to have the words said by people who dont know Ill ever hear when they can be 15 honest. Great to hear it and great to 16 !Sure, its pleasant when we can say nice things about other people. It feels good! And I think its a 17 compliment for people to
19、know of the times when others are saying nice things even 18 ear shot.Watch for your next opportunity to be the 19 ! Make sure to tell them about the nice things being said behind their backs! Because how will they know 20 we tell them.61.A. too B. quite C. extra D. rather2.A. even B. already C. sli
20、ghtly D. ever3.A. rest B. same C. example D. job4.A. picked B. recognized C. received D. noticed5.A. chatting B. complaining C. blaming D. arguing6.A. pleasure B. interest C. difficulty D. hope7.A. important B. particular C. excellent D. active8.A. understand B. thank C. show D. distinguish9.A. wort
21、hy B. right C. necessary D. great10.A. considers B. matters C. minds D. depends11.A. mean B. play C. mark D. perform12.A. evidence B. gift C. lift D. answer13.A. delivered B. referred C. announced D. mentioned14.A. somehow B. still C. otherwise D. therefore15.A. properly B. partly C. totally D. obvi
22、ously16.A. remember B. appreciate C. enjoy D. share17.A. relative B. comparable C. special D. complete18.A. because of B. out of C. within D. without19.A. reminder B. reporter C. reader D. carrier720.A. though B. once C. if D. unless【解析】试题分析：作者通过自己的亲身经历告诉我们别人夸奖的重要意义，会让我们变得更好更出色，即使有时不是自己亲耳听到的。3.B 考查代
23、词。A. rest 其余的，剩下的；B. same 同样的事物；C. example 例子，榜样；D. job 工作。我也喜欢做同样的事，the same“同样的” ，故选 B.4.D 考查动词。A. picked 挑选；B. recognized 识别，认出；C. received 接收；D. noticed 注意。我也给学生们我的夸奖但我愿意让他们知道其他成年人也注意到了他们好的行为和态度，下文反复提到对孩子多加注意发现亮点，故选 D.5.B 考查动词。A. chatting 聊天，闲谈；B. complaining 抱怨；C. blaming 责备；D. arguing 争论。我想让他们
24、知道我们不会花费午饭和他们见面时间一直抱怨，此处指不能见到孩子就抱怨，根据常识选 B.6.A 考查名词。A. pleasure 快乐；B. interest 兴趣，爱好；C. difficulty 困难；D. hope 希望。我想让他们知道我们总是表达和他们在一起的快乐，指愿意和他们在一起，故选 A.7.B 考查形容词。A. important 重要的；B. particular 特别的，独有的；C. excellent极好的，杰出的；D. active 积极的，活跃的。此处指在我眼里这些孩子都是特殊的，独有的。故选 B.8 .D 考查动词。A. understand 理解；B. thank
25、感谢；C. show 显示，展示；D. distinguish 使突出。当别人发现我把孩子们教育地很好时，我显得很突出。此处指我的教育效果很好，故选 D.9.C 考查形容词。A. worthy 值得的；B. right 正确的；C. necessary 必要的；D. great伟大的。我认为让孩子们也知道是完全必要的，让孩子们也有成就感。故选 C.810.B 考查名词。A. considers 考虑；B. matters 要紧，有关系；C. minds 介意；D. depends 依靠。当他们被关注的结果是好的或值得表扬时关系对他们是很大的。此处指称赞的正能量作用，故选 B.11.A 考查动词
26、。A. mean 意味，想要；B. play 游戏，玩耍；C. mark 标志，做记号；D. perform 执行，完成。此处指我知道从别的方面这意味着什么，有多么大的意义，故选 A.12.C 考查名词。A. evidence 证据；B. gift 礼物；C. lift 搭手；D. answer 回答，答案。作为老师我对我的能力缺乏信心，所以看到孩子们的优点确实给了我很多帮助，此处指帮助了我，故选 C.13.D 考查动词。A. delivered 递送；B. referred 参考，涉及；C. announced 宣布；D. mentioned 提及，提到。此处指朋友提到家长们因为孩子在我的班
27、高兴的事，故选 D.14. A 考查副词。A. somehow 以某种方法，莫名其妙地；B. still 仍旧；C. otherwise 否则；D. therefore 因此。以某种方式听到不认识的人说这些话感到更重要，此处指通过朋友转述听到信息，故选 A.15.C 考查副词。A. properly 适当地；B. partly 部分地；C. totally 完全地；D. obviously 明显地。因为他们并不认识我也不会想到我会听到这些话，这证明他们非常诚实，故选 C.16.D 考查动词。A. remember 记得；B. appreciate 欣赏，感激；C. enjoy 享受；D. sh
28、are 分享。此处指我很高兴听到这些话很高兴分享这些快乐，故选 D.17.C 考查形容词。A. relative 相对的； B. comparable 可比较的，比得上的；C. special 特别的；D. complete 完全的。人们知道别人在说他们的好话这是特别的称赞，这是别人对自己的认可，故选 C.18.B 考查介词短语。A. because of 因为；B. out of 在外；C. within 在之内；D. without 没有。此处指即使在听觉所及范围外听到别人夸自己，指前面别人的转述,不是亲耳听到的，故选 B.考点：考查社会生活类短文阅读。【能力提升】9【黑龙江省双鸭山市第一
29、中学 2017 届高三 9 月月考】完形填空As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine(常规) basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this 1 at work in people of all 2 . For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about 3 with their new toys. But their 4 soon wea
30、rs off and by January those5 toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of 6 stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument(纪念碑) to someones 7 interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child 8 bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the 9
31、 of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescents(青少年) enter high school with great 10 but are soon looking forward to 11 . The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then, how many 12 , who now complain about the long drives to work, 13 drove for hours at a time w
32、hen they first 14 their drivers licenses? Before people retire, they usually 15 to do a lot of 16 things, which they never had 17 to do while working. But 18 after retirement, the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes(消遣) become as boring as the jobs they 19 . And, like the
33、 child in January, they go searching for new 20 .1.A. principle B. habit C. way D. power2.A. parties B. races C. countries D. ages3.A. working B. living C. playing D. going4.A. confidence B. interest C. anxiety D. sorrow5.A. same B. extra C. funny D. expensive6.A. well-organized B. colorfully-printe
34、d C. half-filled D. newly-collected 107.A. broad B. passing C. different D. main8.A. silently B. impatiently C. worriedly D. gladly9.A. promise B. burden C. right D. game10.A. courage B. calmness C. confusion D. excitement11.A. graduation B. independence C. responsibility D. success12.A. children B.
35、 students C. adults D. retirees.Com13.A. carefully B. eagerly C. nervously D. bravely14.A. required B. gained C. noticed D. discovered15.A. need B. learn C. plan D. start16.A. great B. strange C. difficult D. correct17.A. time B. money C. skills D. knowledge18.A. only B. well C. even D. soon19.A. lost B. chose C. left D. began20.A. pets B. toys C. friends D. Colleagues2.D 考查名词。A. parties 聚会；B. races 比赛； C. countries 国家；D. ages 年龄。后面详细描述了不同年龄的人的情况，因此可知本句话的意思是：其实，我们在不同年龄
