1、选校网 www.xuanx 高考频道 专业大全 历年分数线 上万张大学 图片 大学视频 院校库牛津语法语法复习一：定语从句（一）定义1)在复合句中（一个句子的某一成分由 句子承当） ，修饰某一名词或代词从句叫定语从句或形容词从句；在句中起定语的作用.2)被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词 antecedent1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.先行词 关系代词 定语从句2) You must do everything that I do.先行词 关系代词 定语从句(二)：关系代词的作用; 1.连接主句和从句。2.代表被修饰的先行词。3.在
2、定语从句做一个句子成分。eg. This is the room which I lived in last year.先行词 关系代词 定语从句(三)：定语从句中有 关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that, as.关系副词 when, where, why 等引导定语从句。（四）：用关系代词还是用关系副词关系代词起代词的作用，关系副词起副词的作用，因此同样的先行词，选用什么样的关系词，要由它在定语从句中担任的逻辑作用来决定。词行 先行词 充当成分who 人 主、宾、表Whom 人 宾That 人若是指集体中的各个成员，则用 who。Mr. Smith came
3、to visit my family, who were watching TV then.Our class, which is a very good one, was praised again at the meeting.(3)当先行词有较长的 后置定语或者在被分割的定语从句 中，宜用关系代词 who Pro. Wang is coming soon who will give us a talk on how to learn English.(4) 当先行词用-body 或-one 构成的复合不定代词时，关系代词用who Wed better not believe in any
4、one who we dont know.(5) 当先行词是一个限定性的表示人的特定名词时，常用 who The aunt/uncle who came to see us last week is my brothers sister.（七） “介词关系代词“ 是一个普遍使用的结构(1)“介词关系代词“ 可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。 “介词关系代词“结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用 whom 或 which,不可用 that 。其中 whom 代表人，which
5、代表物Who is the comrade with whom you shook hands?He works in a factory, in front of which there is a riverGive me the book the cover of which is red (the cover of which=whose cover)He is the man whose father is a teacher.=He is the man the father of whom is a teacher.This is the neighborhood from who
6、m I borrowed the bicycle.(2) from where为“介词关系副词“结构，但也可以引导定语从句（不常用） 。例如：We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town（3）*关系代词前的介词如何确定？A.依据定语从句中动词的某种习惯搭 配Mr. Smith bought a new house on which he spent all his money.B.依据先行词的某种习惯搭配确定There was no way in which it could be bought back to
7、the earth. ( in this way)C.根据所表达的意思确定The gas with which doctors can save the patients is called oxygen.The gas without which we can not live is called oxygen.(4)*注意关系代词的位置介词在关系代词前时，只能用 which 和 whom不能用 that 代替，也不可省略；介词在句尾时，关系代词可which ,that ,whom, who,都行，而且还可以省略。 This is the drawer in which I put my l
8、etters.= This is the drawer (which/that )I put my letters in.Have you seen the pen with which I wrote letters this morning?= Have you seen the pen (which/that) I wrote letters with this morning?所以一个句子有时有多种用法如：那就是他工作的大学This is the college at which he works.This is the college that/which he works at.
9、This is the college where he works. 但像 listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of 等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动 词分开。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.This is the book which /that I am looking for.This is the girl I have been looking for the whole afternoon.（八） whose 引导从句的意义1
10、）指人=of whom 表示所修饰的“某（些）人的用做所修饰的先行词的所有格。A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.2) 指物=of which 表所修饰的“某物的“I live in the room whose window faces south.I live in the room, the window of which faces south( whose +从句 可以用“of which +从句”代替)（九）As 与 which 是有区别的A) 相同之处： 都可以用来引导非限制 性定语从句，指代前面的 主句所表达的内
11、容。which 可做宾语或表语He failed once more in the match, which was a great pity.He succeeded in the composition, which made his parents very happy.B) 区别：1）as 引导的非限制性定语从句位置 较灵活，可以位于主句前面中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但 which 所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如：1) As we all know, Galileos theory of falling objects is right.= Galileos t
12、heory of falling objects, as we all know, is right= Galileos theory of falling objects is right, as we all know.2) He was thrown into prison, which got round throughout our village3) As is expected, the England team won the football match.4) The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone.5)
13、He was late again, which made me unhappy6) As you know, he is good at English.2.） as 有“ 如” 、 “正如 ”、 “像” 、 “正像”的含义， which 没有。后面的谓语动词多是 see, know, expect, say, mention, report 等。Bob did an excellent job, as we had expected.Our team won the game, which made us happy.As is known to all, Taiwan is part o
14、f China.We are facing the same problems as we did years ago.We are facing the problems which we faced years ago.We hope to get such a tool as he is using.We hope to get the tool which he is using.3.) as 在引导限制性定语从句多与 such 或 the same 连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。the sameas such.asThis is the same story as he tol
15、d me.I hope to get such a book as he is using4).as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于 which。可代表一个句子。例如：The elephants nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.5).as 做主语时， 其后必跟系动词，而 which 无此限制The meeting was put off, as was what we wanted.He was murdered, as seemed true.6)as 引导从句时，从句语义必须和主句一致She was married agai
16、n, which was unexpectedShe was married again, as was unexpected 77）the same as 与 the same that 的区别： 前者修饰的 是原物同样的而后者修饰的就是先行词This is the same watch as I lost.这和我丢的那一只手表是一样的。This is the dame watch that I lost.着就是我丢的那一只手表。（十）什么时候 that 可以省略？1) 引导同位语从句，主语从句，表语从句不 能省略，且不做成分。The name “ whitewater ”comes fro
17、m the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly.Its known to all that light travels in straight lines. ( that 置后可一省略)The reason for his absence was that he was ill. ( 有时可省，一般不省)2）宾语从句中可以省略I dont think (that) you are right.3）that 只有在定语 从句中做成分，可做主、宾、表语。（十一）关系代词做
18、主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词而不是关系代词。I want to see the film that is on show.The students who dont study hard will not pas the exam.(十二)one of the 与 the one of the 做先行词时谓语不一致。Li Bai is one of the greatest poets that have lived in China.Li Bai is the one of the greatest poets that has lived in China.This is one o
19、f the books that I have been written in Chinese.This is the only one of the books that has been written in Chinese.He is one of the boys who are willing to do it.He is the only one of the boys who is willing to do it.（十三） 关系副词引导的定语从句1关系副词也可以引导定语从句关系副词在从句中分别表示时间地点或原因。关系副词 when 在从句中充当时间状语，where 充当地点状语
20、，why 充当原因状语。1)when 表示时间 , 充当时间状 语 when=on/ in/ of /at+whichI still remember the day when I join the partyI will never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.但注意 ：1.当先行词是表地点：place ,room, mountain, airport 等时间：time, day, year, month, week,等原因：reason 等名词时,并且分别在句中做地点、时间、原因状语时，应用 where ,when ,why 引导
21、。但是如果如果表示时间地点原因的名词不做状语，而是做主语，宾语，或者表语时，必须用关系代词 that /which来引导而不是用 where 等。I still remember the day that we spent together。May 1 is the day that I will never forget。The Yangtze Gorges is a beautiful place (that /which) people all over the world look forward to visiting.长江三峡是个美丽的地方，全世界的人都渴望来参观。The mome
22、nt (that /which) I turned around, she had left and disappeared in the crowd.Is this the reason that he gave us for being late? This is the factory that we visitedThat is the house that he lived inThe place that we had been to was far.The shop that /which we saw is beautiful.2.当先行词为 by the time ,any
23、time , the way, every time, the first time ,the last time 时，关系词不用when 而用 that.或省略This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.The first time I saw him was in 1980By the time he was 14 he had learned advanced mathematics但如果 time 前无修饰语,关系词用 that when 均可I will never forgot the time when (that)
24、we met for the first time.3. 当先行词为way 时，关系词用 in which ,that, 或省略.This is the way that/ in which / 不加 he smiles.但注意： 4.why 表示原因（现行词只有 一个 reason） ，做原因状语。 Why= for whichThat is the reason why he was late.（十四）学生容易出现的问题。1. 在定语从句中多加了宾语，如：Some of the boys I invited them didnt come.Some of the boys I invite
25、d didnt come.Is this the horse you drew it yesterday?Is this the horse you drew yesterday?2. 把定语从句的动词的单复数弄错。Those who has finished may leave the classroom now.They key opens the room is missing.Those who have finished may leave the classroom now.This is one of the rivers in China which flows northwa
26、rd.This is one of the rivers in China which flows northward. 3. 省略了定语从句中做主语的关系代词。Children eat a lot of sugar often get bad teeth. Children who eat a lot of sugar often get bad teeth.They key opens the room is missing. They key which/that opens the room is missing.4. 定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或者是介词。The house whe
27、re he lives in needs repairing.The house where he lives needs repairing. The house which/that he lives in needs repairing.This is the time at when hes more likely to be in. This is the time when hes more likely to be in. This is the time at which hes more likely to be in.（十五）代有插入语的定语从句who 与 whom 的选用
28、。担主语成分时用 who ,担 宾格成分时 用 whom方法：要区分是定语从句中的插入语还是主谓结构。Jason is a man who (I believed) is honest.(去掉仍成立)Jason is a man whom I believe to be honest.做宾语The girl who we supposed was drowned came back.The girl who we supposed to be drowned came back.（十六）什么时候宜用非限制性定语从句1） 当先行词是专有名词时，通常用非限制性定语从句，它本身就具有特殊性，无需在加
29、限定。Shenzhen, which is in South China, is developing rapidly.My house, which I bought last year, has got a garden .Mr. Smith bought a new house on which he spent all his money.2) 当先行词是具有某一特征的人或者 物中的一个，但跟非限制从句时则表示唯一的一个，compa re:Her room has a window which faces south.Her room has a window, which faces
30、 south.I have a brother who is working in Beijing.I have a brother, who is working in Beijing.3.当先行词表示类属意义，即表示某类动物，事物或人时，其后所跟的定语从句一般是非限制性的。A sleep is a useful animal, whose wool has many uses.Football, which is a very interesting game, is now played all over the world.练习：1.He paid the boy $ 10 for w
31、ashing ten windows ,most of_ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. A. these B. those C. that D. which 2.Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise.A. it B. that C. which D. he3.She heard a terrible noise , _ brought her heart into her mouth.A. it B. which C. this D. that4.In
32、the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 5.Toms mother kept telling him that he should work hard , but _ didnt help.A. he B. which C. she D. it6. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.A. what B. w
33、hich C. that D. it7. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town he grew up as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when8. Carol said the work would be done by October, _ personally I doubt very much.A. it B. that C. when D. which9.The result of the experiment was very good,
34、 _ we hadnt expected.A. when B. that C. which D. what10.It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, _ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.A. that B.while C. which D.when11. These houses are sold at such a low price _ people expected. A. like B. as C. that D. whi
35、ch 12. Recently I bought an ancient vase, _ was very reasonable.A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of those13. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _,of course , made the others unhappy.Awho Bwhich Cthis Dwhat14. John said hed been working in the of
36、fice for an hour, _ was true.Ahe Bthis Cwhich Dwho15. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.A. until B. that C. when D. where16.The famous basketball star, _ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.A. where B. when C. which D. Who17.
37、 Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _ I will always treasure.A that B one C it D what18. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums and some other places, _ other visitors seldom go.A what B which C where D when19.Alec asked the policeman _he worked to contac
38、t him whenever there was an accident.A with him B who C with whom D whom20.We are living in an age _ many things are done on computers.A. which B. that C. whose D. when21._ has been announced , we shall have our final exams next month.A. That B. As C. It D. What22.York, _ last year, is a nice old ci
39、ty.A. that I visited B. which I visited C. where I visited D.in chich I visited23.Luckly, wed brought a road map without _ we would have lost our way.A. it B. that C. this D. which24.A fast food restaurant is the place _ , just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly.A. which B. where C. t
40、here D. what 25.Geoge Orwell, _ was Eric Arthur, write many political novels and essays . A. the real name B. what his real name C his real name D. whose real name.26. _ is reported in the newspapers , talks between the two countries are making progress. A. It B .As C. That D. what27. American women
41、 usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently. A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom.28. The English play _my students acted at the New Years party was a great success. A. for which B . at which C. in which D. on which29. There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she ha
42、d wiped her hands. A. where B. which C. when D. that 30. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months，_ the sailing time was 226 days.A. of which. B. during which C. from which D for which 31. There was _ time _ I hated to go to school. A. a, that B. a, when C. the, that D. the, when
43、32. there are two buildings, _ stands nearly a hundred feet high. A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which33. _ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. A. Which B. When C. What D. As34. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes eve
44、ry year, 80% _ are sold abroad.A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that 35.Anyway, that evening, _ Ill tell you more about later, I ended up staying at the Raches place. A. when B. where C. what D. which 36 Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the other, _, of course, made the othe
45、rs envy him.A. who B. that C. what D. which 37.It is easy to do the repair. _ you need is a hammer and some nails.A. Something B. All C. Both D. Everything38 I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. A. how B. which C. where D. that39.Last month, part of Southeast Asia wa
46、s struck by floods, from _ effects the people are still suffering. （A. that B. whose C. those D. what 40.If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.A. that B. which C. when D. where 41.Franks dream was to have his own shop _ to produce the workings of his
47、 own hands.A. that B. in which C. by which D. how42.Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _ he studied very hard and was made chairman of the Students Union. A. during which time B. for which time C. during whose time D. by that time43. Her sister has become a lawyer, she wanted to be. Awho Bthat Cwhat Dwhich44. The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_the cross-river traffic is the
