1、导学案 2 Grammar ( Page18, 20, 21)adverbial clauses with ing （动词的-ing 形式做状语）1. Analyze the function of ving form in each sentence. Writing an English composition is not easy.I suggested asking his brother for some money.The ant queens full-time job is laying eggs.He is fond of skiing.China is a develop
2、ing country.Who is the man talking with your English teacher?Im sorry to have kept you waiting.Seeing from the top of the hill, we find our hometown beautiful.动词的-ing 形式作状语，用来进一步说明谓语动词的动作或者说明整个句子所表达的概念，其逻辑主语应与主句的主语一致，即分词的动作必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系，否则不能使用现在分词作状语。在 意义上可表示时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果、让步等，这时它相当于一个状语从句。它
3、的位置比较灵活，可以置于句首、句中或句末，有时用逗号分开，有时也不用，一般说来，用作原因，条件时，常位于句首；用作方式、结果、伴随状语时，常位于句末。一. v.-ing 作状语的用法用作时间状语,相当于 when或 while引导的从句Hearing the news, they jumped with great joy. (=When they heard the news, they jumped with great joy.) 听到这个消息，他们高兴得跳了起来。Turning around (=_),she saw an ambulance driving up.她转过身，看见一辆救
4、护车开了过来。注意：(1)如果强调分词短语所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，分词短语前可用 when 或 while等连词。如：While working in the factory (=While I was working in the factory), I learnt a lot from the workers我在工厂工作期间，从工人那里学到了很多东西。When crossing the road (=_),look out for cars.过马路时，留心车辆。(2) 在动词的-ing 形式前用 on, 表示“一就” 。 如On seeing her, he fell
5、 in love with her. 他对她一见钟情。2. 用作原因状语,相当于 as, since, because引导的从句。Being poor(=_), she didnt want to buy the coat she liked.因为穷，她不想买那件喜欢的外套。Not knowing the way (=_), she asked a policeman .注意：“现在分词 being+名词（形容词） ”位于句首，通常是作原因状语。不可以把它用作时间状语。如：Being a senior middle school student, he must work hard.=Beca
6、use /as he is a senior middle school student, he must work hard.3. 用作方式、伴随状语时不能用状语从句替换，但可以改成并列句。She sat at the desk reading a newspaper(伴随).=She sat at the desk and read a newspaper.He sent me an e-mail, hoping to get further information.=_4. 用作条件状语，相当于 if, unless引导的从句。Work hard, and youll succeed.=
7、If you work hard , youll succeed.= _Turning to the right(=_),youll find a path leading to his cottage.翻译：_5. 表示结果（自然结果）,相当于 so, so that等引导的从句。His parents died, leaving the baby an orphan.The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus causing the delay.(副词 thus强调结果)= The bus was held up by the snowstorm,
8、 so that it caused the delay.翻译：_注意：不定式也可以作结果状语，但表示出乎意料的结果。如：He hurried to the post office, only to find it was closed.他急忙跑到邮局，不料却发现已经关门了。6. 用作让步状语时相当于 though, although等引导的从句Admitting what he said (=_), I still think he hasnt tried his best.尽管我承认他的话，我还是认为他没有尽全力。二. 动词-ing 形式的否定式动词-ing 形式的否定式通常是在 v.-i
9、ng 形式前加 not.无论在完成形式还是被动形式里，必须置于 v.-ing形式之前。如：Not knowing how to do it, he asked the teacher for advice.Not having finished my work, I am still doing it day and night.Not having been watered for a long time, the flower died.三、v.-ing 的时态和语态现在分词的时态分为一般式和完成式两种。一般式(主动 doing; 被动 being done)所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的
10、动作同时(或之后)发生。完成式(主动 having done;被动having been done)所表示的动作则在谓语动词所表示的动作之前已经发生。He hurried home, looking behind as he went.Having lived in Shanghai for years, I know each part of it very well.The large building being built down the street will be a hospital.注意：现在分词的完成式一般只作状语。Having finished the work, I w
11、ent home happily.Rewrite the underlined part in each sentence, using non-finite verbs ( to do, doing or done).When she was cooking in the kitchen, she burnt her finger.While he worked in the workshop, he made many friends there.After he finished the meal, he turn on TV to watch a cartoon program.Bec
12、ause he was highly praised by the manager, the man worked harder.After we were shown the library. We were taken to visit the lab.If you have another look, you will see the mistake in the sentence.He stood in the shade and waited for his friend.He had an accident and lost his arm.The boy who is runni
13、ng ahead of the other is my classmate.The bike which are made in the factory are of good quality.判断正误1. While reading the book, the telephone rang.2. Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful.注意：动词 ing 形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致，且必须与句子的主语是逻辑上的主谓关系，动词 ing 形式表示的动作是次要动作。 （一个主语多个动作。 ）四、独立成分(1
14、) 有些分词短语可以作独立成分，用来解释这个句子，不受句子主语的限制。常见分词短语有：generally speaking（一般说来）, supposing（假设）, judging from / by （从判断）Generally speaking, girls are more careful than boys.Supposing you lose, what will you do?Judging from his accent, he must be from the south.(2) 分词短语作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般需与句子的主语一致。但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结
15、构称为独立主格结构。独立主格结构通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，有时还可以表示时间、原因或条件。如：Night coming on(=When night came on), we started for home.So many people being absent (=_), they decided to put off the meeting.这么多人没来，他们决定会议延期举行。如果天气允许的话，我们就步行到那里。_导学案 3 Listening, Speaking, and Vocabulary, Function,Everyday English(Pages19-24 )Words
16、 and expressions trilogy（小说、戏剧、音乐等的）三部曲 fantasy literature奇幻小说 kingdom n.王国 revenge v. 报仇 marry v. 结婚 wicked witch 邪恶的女巫 cottage n. 小屋 palace n.宫殿 hunt v.搜寻 frog n. 青蛙 pool n. 水塘 put a spell on用咒符镇住 punish v.惩罚 fall in love with 爱上 wake up 醒来 magic power 魔法 go to war with 与交战 its your turn 该你了 take
17、turns to do sth / at doing sth 轮流做某事 in turn 依次，轮流反过来 by turns 轮流 be late for 迟到 1. marry vt.&vi. marriage n. vi. (不及物动词) marry young/early/late/well 结婚早/晚/嫁得好 She didnt marry until she turned 40.vt. (及物动词) Mary is going to marry Tom.(Tom is going to marry Mary.)注意：(1)marry 在大多数情况下是及物动词，需要接宾语，或用被动语态
18、.(2).表示“和某人结婚”不能用介词 with, 要用 to. (3).marry 和 get married都是非延续性动词或短语，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。表示结婚已有一段时间用 be married,表示一种状态.他们已经结婚 13年了。They have married for 13 years. (错)They have been married for 13 years. (对)They got married 13 years ago. (对)It is 13 years since they got married. (对)marry sb to sb 把某人嫁给 It
19、was her parents who married her to Tom.2. revenge n.& vt. revenge sb. on sb. 为某人向某人报仇He swore to revenge himself on his enemy.他发誓要向仇敌复仇。She revenged herself for the defeat. n. take revenge on sb for sth 因某事向某人报仇3. Im stuck. 我被难住了。 stick (stuck, stuck)We were stuck in traffic for over an hour.我们在交通堵塞
20、中被困一个多小时 。stick v. 坚持 stick to，粘住，伸出 n. walking stick 拐杖4. go onHe went on working until 91.I dont know what is going on.As time went on, I grew fond of him.How did you go on in your English examination?Listening：1. Pre-listening: put the right order of the story on page 19 first.2. While-listening:
21、 Answer some questions about the story1）What does the girl say about His Dark Material? Its a _ book.2）What does the girl say it is easy to do? To _ a fantasy story.3）When does the witch put a spell on the king? While hes _.4）What does everyone in the land have to do? Bring the witch _ of everything
22、 they have.5）When does Argon ask his son to revenge him? _ _ leaving his kingdom.6）Why does Ferdinand feel terrible? Because his _ and most of his _are dead.7) What does Ferdinand decide to do? He decides hell have to _ _ _ himself.8) What exactly does the frog say to Ferdinand? “Oh King, I will tel
23、l you _to _ the wicked witch.”Listen to the tape, and then fill in the blanks.Girl: Ive just finished reading a _ book.Boy: Whats it called?Girl: Well, actually its a trilogy. Its called His Dark Materials.Boy: Oh, yes, isnt it _?Girl: Yes, it is. It takes place in several different worlds and its r
24、eally exciting! I love fantasy literature. One day I might try and write a fantasy _.Boy: Youre joking!Girl: No, Im not, I think its very easy to _ fantasy stories.Boy: No, it isnt.Girl: Yes, it is. I could tell one right now.Boy: Go on then!Girl: Ok. Um _ A king goes _ and comes to a _. A beautiful
25、 woman comes out and on seeing her, the king immediately falls in love with her. But he doesnt know that shes a witch-a very_. Now you continue.Boy: Me?Girl: Yes,_, its easy.Boy: Ok So the king takes the woman back to his _and he marries her, not knowing who she really is. While hes sleeping, the wi
26、tch _him and everyone in the palace, so that they dont wake up.Girl: Well done! _, its easy. Ok, Ill go on. The witch puts a spell on all the kings advisers and becomes the _ of the land. She controls all the soldiers with her_, and everyone in the land has to bring her half of everything they have.
27、Boy: Um, all rightThe Kings brother, whose name is Argon, rules a _kingdom. On hearing what has happened, he decides to _the witch. Before leaving his kingdom, he calls his son to him and says, “ If I die, you must_.” His son, who is handsome and _, says he will do this. Girl: So the kings brother g
28、oes to war with the witch, but he and almost all his men are killed. But _, his son isnt killed.Boy: Oh, good! Let me thinkOK, so the kings son, whos called Ferdinand, returns to his home. Hes now the new _, of course, and he feels terrible because his father and most of his _ are dead. After thinki
29、ng about the situation for several months, he decides that hell have to kill the witch himself. Now its your turn.Girl: UmIm stuck, I cant think what to sayoh, I knowOne afternoon, while sitting _, Ferdinand sees a _. The frog jumps out of the water and says, “ Oh King, I will tell you how to kill t
30、he wicked witch.”Boy: Oh,_! Were late for our history lesson! Well have to continue another time. Can I borrow the first book of His Dark Materials? Id love to read it.Girl: Yes,_. Here it is.Boy: Great, thanks! Lets go!导学案 4 Vocabulary and Reading (Pages22-24 )The whole series of Harry PotterHarry
31、Potter and Sorcerers Stone 哈利波特与魔法石Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets哈利波特与密室Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban哈利波特与阿兹卡巴囚徒Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire哈利波特与火焰杯Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix哈利波特与凤凰令Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince哈利波特与混血王子Harry Potter and the Pyramid of F
32、urmat哈利波特与福马特金字塔一、x 词汇stateswoman n.女领导 gifted adj.有天才的 roots n. 根，根基 delay v. 推迟format n. (节目、计划的)构成，安排 anecdote n. 趣闻，轶事 draft n.草稿 burden n. 负担，重担 cafeteria n.自助餐厅 the heating 暖气 swift adj.快的，迅速的 stubborn adj. 顽强的，坚持的 overcome v.克服 adjustment n.调整 intend v. 打算 output n. 产量，输出，作品 automatic adj. 自动
33、的，习惯性的 publish v. 出版，发行 target n. 目标，靶子 criticism n. 批评，评论 bond n. 结合物，连接 claim v.声称， 断言 renewed adj. 更新的 curriculum n.课程 distribute v. 发行 accumulate v.积累 deposit n. 存款 thus adv. 因此 attain v. 得到 status n. 身份，地位 billionaire n. 亿万富翁二、短语翻译 政界元老 elder statesman/stateswoman 魔幻文学 fantasy literature她想到一个主意
34、 an idea comes to her 晚点的火车 a delayed train在骨头上加肉 add flesh to the bones 与有联系 be associated with在喝一杯咖啡期间 over a single cup of coffee 手工 by hand支付 pay for 本可以放弃 might have given up克服困难 overcome all the difficulties 对调整 an adjustment to 对有吸引力 appeal to 各年龄段的读者 readers of all ages和的联系纽带 bond betweenand
35、 在年代 in an age of对负责 be responsible for使学生们特别的高兴 much to the pleasure of the schoolchildren限于be restricted to 据估计 It is estimated that 存款 on deposit三、长难句结构分析:1. On seeing her, the king immediately falls in love with her.on/upon + n/ ving 一就他 一到家就给我发了一封电子邮件。He sent me an e-mail on arriving at home/ o
36、n arrival at home表示“一就”的句型你还能想到哪些：as soon as the moment/the minute/ the instant/ immediately/ directly hardlywhen no soonerthan2. She spent many hours over a single cup of coffee in a warm cafeteria. 这是 over的一种特殊用法，“一面一面“，They had a pleasant chat over a cup of coffee.over还有“在期间”的意思是，相当于 during What
37、did you do over the weekend? 3. It was only in 1997 that she completed the first Harry Potter story, which,此句是强调句，其构成是:I met Tom in the supermarket last Sunday.强调主语：强调宾语：强调时间状语：强调地点状语：试比较：It was 2 oclock when I returned home.It was at 2 oclock that I returned home.要点词汇1. gifted adj. 有天才的，有天赋的be gift
38、ed with天生具备 Man is the only creature that is gifted with speech. be gifted in=have a gift for 在方面有天赋 The boy is gifted in writing. 用法同 talented, have a talent for （有才能的） 2. associatewith将与联系起来 People will associate China with the Great Wall.be associated with 与有联系 The disease is associated with smok
39、ing.associate(oneself)with sb与某人交往 Old as he is , he enjoys associating with young people.“与有联系” 的短语?Be connected with be related to be involved in have something to do with3. overcome vt. 克服 (overcame, overcome)overcome shortcomings/ difficulties/ enemy/ nature4. adjustment make adjustments to调整，适应
40、 adjust vt. 调整，把表拨准 adjust the clock使适于 adjust (sth/oneself) to使自己调整适应于=adapt toThe body can quickly adjust(itself) to the changes in temperature.5. appeal n.& vi. 吸引力， 感染力；吸引The new fashion soon lost its appeal. (1) appeal to sb 对某人有吸引力，引起某人的兴趣Does the idea of working for a venture company (合资企业) a
41、ppeal to you ?(2) appeal ( to sb) for sth 向（某人）恳求/呼吁某事The police are appealing to the public for information about the crime.(3) appeal to sb to do sth 请求某人做某事The government is appealing to everyone to save water. (4) appeal to sth 诉诸/求助于某物We will appeal to a variety of sources of information.6. cri
42、ticize v批评，评论 critical adj批评的，爱挑剔的，决定性的,危险的 criticism n. 批评，评论1). He was criticized for not performing his duty. 2). The teacher is critical of（爱批评）his students.3). We are at a critical time in our history.我 们正处在历史的紧要关头。). I have two criticisms of your plan. 我对你的计划有两条批评意见。7. be restricted to 限于课文原句
43、The Harry Potter effect is not just restricted to the English-speaking world.The sale of alcohol is restricted to people over the age of 18.One family is restricted to having one child. Restrictto同义短语是 limitto8. distribute vt. （书报的）发行；分发；分配；分布 distribution n.It has been estimated that more than 250
44、million copies have been distributed around the world.The plant is distributed throughout China. The Red Cross supervised(监督) the distribution of food and clothing to the earthquake victims. distribute sth to/among 把分发给9. accumulate v. 积累，积聚课文原句 In 2005 it was estimated that Rowling had accumulated
45、more than one billion dollars on deposit in her bank.By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune.Dust and dirt soon accumulate if a house is not cleaned regularly.10. attain v. 达到，得到 我决心不惜任何代价达到目的。I made up my mind to attain my purpose at any cost.attain ones goal 达到目的 attain ones ambition实现抱负 att
46、ain to 达到，获得，到达x. punish vt. 因（做）某事而惩罚某人 punish sb for doing sth punishment n. 惩罚His father punished him for cheating in the exam.习惯接 sb for doing sth的动词表示“批评、惩罚” criticize, punish表示“开除、解雇” discharge, dismiss, fire表示“原谅、感激” excuse, forget, pardon, thankx. burden n.& vt. 负担，重负 He was always a burden to his parents.burden sb with 让某人负担I dont want to burden the others with my troubles. be burd
