1、1新源八中高考语法复习主谓一致在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法一致、逻辑意义一致以及就近（远）一致原则等三个方面。一、语法一致原则 只要确定句子的主语是单数意义，则谓语用单数，句子的主语意义复数，则谓语用复数。具体表现如下：1 不可数名词、可数名词的单数、形式以单数代词作主语，一律视为单数。某些以s 结尾的单数名词作主语，仍视为单数。No news is good news. His task was to collect information.2 表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子作主语时，谓语动词用单数。To unde
2、rstand the situation completely requires more thought than has been given thus far. 注意： what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓动一般用单数，但若表语为复数,则谓动用复数。What surprised me most was his attitude towards his study. What we need are some books. 3. “ one, every one，either, neither, each of ，one of, one in / out of，either of, nei
3、ther of, the number of复数名词或代词”作主语时， 谓语用单数。Either of the stories is very funny. Each of the students has a book Each takes a cup of tea. Either is correct.Neither of them likes this picture.注意：在“one of+复数名词+who/that/which” 引导的从句结构中，关系代词 who/that/which 的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是 one，因此，从中的动词应该是复数形式.This is one
4、of the most interesting stories that have been told.但是当 one 之前有 thethe only 等修饰语时，关系代词的先行词是 one，而不是靠近它的复数名词，因此从句的动词应是单数形式。如：She was the only one of the girls who was late. Mary is the only one of the students in our school who has ever been to China.4.不定代词 all 指人时做主语谓语用复数，指物时做主语时谓语用单数。I know that al
5、l are getting on well with her. “All are present and all is going on well,” our monitor said.5every-，any- ，some-，no-和-one，-thing，-body 等所构成的不定代词 .something, everything, anything, nothing，somebody, everybody,anybody,nobody, everyone，anyone，someone,no one 等作主语，谓语通常是单数。Nothing is impossible.Is everybod
6、y here today？6表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的复数名词作主语，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。Ten pounds was missing from the box. Three years is not a long time.Ten dollars is what he needs.Five hundred miles is a long distance.7. series , kind , piece ， pair，sort,type 等量词修饰名词，通常以量词的单复数形式来决定谓语的单复数The kind of paper is made of straw.这种纸是
7、由稻草制成的。Some kinds of animals are dying out. This pair of glasses is very expensive. Two series of new stamps have been ordered. 8.a (large / great) number of 复数名词， “许多”，复数意义；the number of 复数名词， “的数目”，单数意义。the population of“的人口数量”作主语时，谓语用单数，但如果是分数、百分数、half of, the rest of +the population 作主语时，具体指其中的多
8、少人，复数意义，谓语则用复数。the average of“的平均数量 ”，作主语时，谓语用单数。The number of the students in our school is quite large and a number of teachers work hard. A number of students have gone for an outing.One third of the population 2here are workers.The population of China is large and most of the population are farm
9、ers.9.主语后“with/along with/together with/including/as well as/in addition to/but/except/besides/as much as/no less than/no more than/rather than/like名词谓语动词的数要和这些短语前面的名词的单复数保持一致。(因为with 等词为介词，其后跟的名词只能是介宾，不可能充当主语。)Henry，rather than Jane and John，is responsible for the loss. Mr. Green together with his
10、children goes to the park every Sunday.10.“the adj（-ing-ed）.”结构指一类人时，谓语动词用复数；如果指个别人或表示抽象的概念，谓语动词用单数。这类词有 the brave，the poor ，the rich，the blind，the young，the old，the sick，the dead，the deaf b，the oppressed，the injured，the wounded，the unemployed 等；The disabled are well taken care of in this country.Th
11、e dead in this accident was 20, a girl from Nanjing University. 11.“half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/plenty/分数/百分数of名词”作主语，谓语动词要和 of 之后的名词单复数保持一致。A lot of students are coming to the meeting. A lot of work is to be done to prepare for the conference. The rest of the workers are still very
12、 tired.12. 用 and 或 both.and 连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。但 当 and 连接两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时，应看作单数，谓语动词用单数，这时 and 后面的名词没有冠词。注意：由连接的两个名词如果共用一个冠词做主语谓语用单数，如果每个名词前都有冠词做主语谓语用复数。Plastics and rubber never rot.橡胶和塑料永不腐烂 War and peace is a constant theme in history. To love and to be loved is great happiness.爱与被爱是
13、种幸福。 Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.早睡早起是种好习惯。iron and steel 钢铁 law and order 治安 bread and butter 黄油面包 a watch and chain 一块带链的表 a knife and fork 一副刀 a coat and tie 一件配有领带的上衣 aim and end 目的 truth and honesty 真诚soap and water 肥皂水 a cup and saucer 茶杯碟子 fork and knife 刀叉 the nee
14、dle and thread 针线 trial and error 反复尝试，不断摸索 horse and carriage 马车 time and tide 岁月 注意：由 and 连接的两个名词如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，and 后面的名词没有冠词，即两个名词共用一个冠词做主语谓语用单数，如果每个名词前都有冠词表示两个不同的人、事物、概念时做主语谓语用复数。A knife and fork is on the table.桌子上有副刀叉。A knife and a fork are on the table. The teacher and the write
15、r are expected to come soon.。 The teacher and writer is expected to come soon.。13.such （代词 意为“这样的人或物；上述的人或物 ”）作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要根据其后的表语而定。Such is his nature.他的本性就是如此。Such were his words.他的话就是那么说的。If such is the decision,nothing further should be done.如果要这样决定的话，就没有什么要做的了。14.1）a （ great,large,good） quan
16、tity of(许多) 名词复数作主语时，谓语用复数。a （great,large,good）quantity of (许多)不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。 A great quantity of water has been polluted.A large quantity of apples have rotted on the trees.32）an (great,good)amount of(许多) 不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。A great amount of money was spent on the bridge.注意：.quantities of 名词作主语时，不论名
17、词是复数还是不可数，谓语一律用复数。.Quantities of food were on the table. amounts of 不可数名词作主语时，谓语用复数。Large amount s of money were spent on the bridge.15.1)复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待（如人名、地点、国家、组织、剧名、电影名、书籍、报刊等），动词用单数形式。如： The United States is in North America. The United Nations has passed a resolution(决议)。 “The Arabian Nights”
18、（天方夜谭）is an interesting book.2)以-ics 结尾的学科名词： politics, physics, mathematics, economics(经济学), statistics 等做主语，谓语用单数。 Politics is my favorite subject.3)一些常用做复数或只有复数形式的名词，如 goods，stairs，arms 等作主语，谓语用复数。The goods are made in China.这些货物都是中国制造的4) 由山脉、群岛、瀑布等以 s 结尾的专有名词作主语，谓语用复数。 The Himalayas are the roof
19、 of the world. 喜马拉雅山脉是世界屋脊16.(1)集体名词 class，family ，army， team，club，population，enemy， party，crowd，crew，audience，public，government，majority，group 等作主语，强调整体用单数，指个体成员用复数。The population in China is very large and 80% of the population live in rural areas.中国人口很多，其中 80%的人住在农村。My family is going to have a l
20、ong journey.我家要进行一次长途旅行。 My family are fond of music.我家人都喜欢音乐。The class has won the honor.这班获得了荣誉。The class were jumping for joy.(2)people（人们） （a people 一个民族） ，police（警察） （a policemana policewoman 一个警察） ，cattle（牛）等有生命的集体名词作主语，谓语用复数。People read for pleasure during their spare time.人们闲暇之余的阅读是为了消遣。The
21、Chinese people is a brave and hard-working people.(3)单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语形式要根据其具体含义而定，这类词有：means，works，pains，deer，fish，sheep 等。Every means has been tried to solve the problem，but none is effective.每种方法都试过，但没有一个有效。There are various means of communicating with a stranger.同陌生人交流有很多不同的方法。（4）些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工
22、具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如：glasses，clothes， trousers，shoes， compasses，chopsticks，scissors 等。但如果主语用“a kind of，a pair of ， a series of 等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：Your new trousers look very nice.A new pair of shoes was on the desk.桌子上有一双鞋。二、逻辑意义一致原则 1.当每个名词前都有不定代词 each，every，no, many a 所修饰时，即使以 and 或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语
23、动词仍用单数形式。Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema. Every student and every teacher is asked to take part in the discussion. Many a boy and many a girl likes 4swimming.Soon every man, woman and child is talking about how to wipe the enemy.注意：Each 作主语一般用单数谓语动词，但作主语同位语时谓语动词与主语一致Each of them has
24、 been given a room.They each have been given a room.They have been given a room each.2. “one 单数名词and a half（一个半.）a/an+名词单数+or two（一两个） ”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 One apple and a half was on the table. “one and a half +复数名词（一个半.） ，one or two+名词复数，more+名词复数+than one 等结构作主语时，谓语动词多用复数。One and a half apples are left
25、 on the table 一个半苹果剩在桌上 One or two reasons were suggested 以上两种情况的谓语均匀名词的数来决定。3.“more than one(许多) 单数名词 ”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。More than one student has failed the exam.(但是 More students than one are against the proposal.)4.“many a(许多) 单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Many a child was playing there.【注意】以上四种情况，如果从意义上来讲，主语有
26、复数意义，但由于名词都是以单数形式出现的，故谓语用单数形式，谓语形式上与主语的单数形式一致。三、就近一致原则 1.谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。常出现在这类句子中的连词有：or, notbut； eitheror， neithernor， not onlybut also 等。Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter. Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude has caused me any distress.2.在倒装句中谓
27、语可与后面最近的一个主语一致。In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people. 3.当 there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.There are twenty boystudents and twentythree girlstudents in the class. 4.当一个句子是由 there 或 here 引起，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常
28、和最靠近它的主语一致。There goes the bell .Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer.5.在定语从句中，关系代词如果在从句中作主语，依先行词决定从句谓语动词的单复数形式；在“one of复数名词who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，从句中的动词用复数形式；但是之前有 the (only)等修饰语时，则从句中的动词用单数形式。Mary is the only one of the students in our school who has ever been to China. Tom
29、is one of the workers who were fired by the factory last month. 强调句中 如果强调主语后面从句的谓语与所强调的主语保持一致。 Its I who am going to Japan. Its he who is coming tomorrow.6.定语从句中如果先行词在定语句中做主语，定语从句的谓语由先行词来决 I, who am a student, will be a doctor.高考真题 1.【11安徽卷）27】The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the re
30、st of which _ saved for other purposes. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【11湖南卷)26】One third of the country _covered with trees and the majority of the citizens_ black people. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is2.10 全国Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ evening dr
31、ess. A.wear B.wears C.has worn D.have worn4.10 湖南Listening to loud music at rock concerts 5caused hearing loss in some teenagers. A. is B. are C. has D. have5.10 四川Such poets as Shakespeare widely read, of whose works, however, some difficult to understand. A. are；are B. is；is C. are；is D. is：are6.0
32、9 山东The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since1990. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been 7.09 四川The teacher together with the students _ discussing Reading Skills that _ newly published in America. A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was 8.Either y
33、ou or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A. are B. is C. have D. be9.09 陕西Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, visit Beijing this summer.A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to10.08 陕西Did you go to the show last night? Yeah. Every bo
34、y and girl in the area invited. A. were B. have been C. has been D. was11.07 江西A survey of the opinions of experts that three hours of outdoor exercise a week good for ones health.A. show; are B. shows; is C .show; is D. shows; are12.07 湖南We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days
35、 and weeks so small that a day is unimportant.A. is B. are C. has beenD. have been13.07 陕西As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area _. A.need repairing B.needs to repair C.needs repairing D.need to repair14.07 上海A survey of the opinions of experts that three hours of
36、outdoor exercise a week good for ones health. A. show; are B. shows; is C. show; is D. shows; are15.07 江西Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _ yet. A. hasnt been decided B. havent decided C. isnt being decided D. arent decided16.06 浙江The company had abou
37、t 20 notebook computers but only one-third used regularly.Now we have 60 working all day long. A.is B.are C.was D.were17.06 安徽Most of what has been said about the Smiths_also true of the Johnsons.A. Are B. isC. being D. to be 18.06 江苏A poet and artist coming to speak to us about Chinese literature a
38、nd painting tomorrow afternoon.A.is B.are C.was D.were19.06 辽宁The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going20.05 辽宁Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _ in the clot
39、hing industry. A. is working B. works C. work D. worked21.05 上海Professor Smith, along with his assistants, on the project day and night to meet the deadline. A. work B. working C .is working D. are working22.05 山东With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth each year. 6A. is wash
40、ing away B .is being washed awayC. are washing awayD. are being washed away23.05 山东The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992. A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed24.04 上海春No one in the department but Tom and I _ that the director is going to resign. A. knows B. know C. hav
41、e known D. am to know25.04 广东All the employees except the manager _to work online at home. A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged26.04 北京The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. A. was B. were C. had been D. would be 27
42、.04 福建She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book _ 50 million.A. have reached B. has reached C. are reaching D. had reached28.03 上海春When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet. A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided29
43、.02 北京春- How are the team playing? - Theyre playing well, but one of them hurt. A. got B. gets C. are D. Were 30.02 上海春He is the only one of the students who _a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. are C. have been D. has been31.01 上海As a result of destroying the forest, a large _ of dese
44、rt _ covered the land. A. number, has B. quantity, has C. number, have D. quantity, have32.00 上海春Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used33.00 全国春All the preparations for the task _, and we are read
45、y to start. A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed 34.00 NMET_ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are 35.00 上海春I told him what I was surprised _ his attitude towards his study
46、. A. is B. was C. at is D. at was36. Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.A. keeps B. keep C. have kept D. had kept【2012 陕西】37. The basketball coach, as well as his team, _ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance. A. were B. was C. is D. are【2012 湖南】38. All the scientific evidence _ that increasing use of chemicals in farming _ damaging our health. A. show; are B. shows; are C. show; is D. shows; is7
