1、 现在完成时讲解与习题 From: Constance Lee1现在完成时讲解一、基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done) 肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他例：They have lived here for a long time.否定句：主语+have/has+not+ 过去分词+其他例：She hasnt spoken to him.一般疑问句：Have/Has+ 主语+过去分词+其他例：Have you seen Matthew?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）二、用法1） 现在完成时的“完成用法 “现在完成时用来
2、表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在. 例：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。( 动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况-灯现在不亮了。)I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了 .) 2） 现在完成时的“未完成用法 “指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。这里的动词要用持续性动词。常与 for（+时间段）,since（+ 时间点）连用 . 例：Mary has been ill for three days.
3、Mary has been ill since three days ago.注意:1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）如 yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、 afternoon)等，除非与 for, since 连用.2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如 already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently, still, lately 等: 例：He has already obtained a scholarship. I havent seen much
4、 of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet ?3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如 ever, never, twice, several times 等: 例：Have you ever been to Beijing I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. G
5、eorge has met that gentleman several times.4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如 up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present(now), so far 等: 例：Peter has written six papers so far. Up to the present everything has been successful. 5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作. We have had four tex
6、ts this semester. 现在完成时讲解与习题 From: Constance Lee26. have been to 和 have gone to 的区别： have been to 强调“ 去过”，现已不在那里，如：He has been to the USA three times. 他到美国去过三次。 （过去“到美国”，现在已“ 不在美国”）have gone to 主要强调的是 “去了”，现在人不在说话的现场，如：-Wheres your mother? -你妈妈在哪？-She has gone to the hospital. -她去医院了。has been in 一直在
7、某地三、现在完成时考点例析一、考查其构成 “助动词 have (has) +动词过去分词“构成现在完成时。如：1. Kates never seen Chinese films，_ ? A. hasnt she B. has she C. isnt she D. is she析：陈述句部分含否定词 never,简略问句部分要用肯定式，又因 Kates 是 Kate has 的缩写，故选 B。2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him. (改为否定句 )His uncle _ posted the photos to him _. 析：al
8、ready 常用在肯定句中，yet 常用在否定句、疑问句中，故填 hasnt, yet。3.-Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So _her parents. A. has B. had C. did D. have析：“so+助/系/情态动词+ 主语“结构中的动词形式应与前句结构中动词形式保持一致，又后句的主语为 her parents是复数,故选 D。二、考查其用法与标志词(一)当句中有 never, ever, just, already, yet, before 等时，常用现在完成时。如：1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketb
9、all? -_you_ your homework yet? A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished2. -_ you _anywhere before? -Yes, but I cant remember where I_A. Did; surf; surfed B. Have; surfed; surfed C. Did; surf; have surfed D. Have; surfed; have surfed析：据 yet 和 before 可知,应用现在完成时，故 1 题选 D，2 题选 D。
10、(二)当句中有“for +段时间“ 或“since +点时间“等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，若是非延续性动词，要改为延续性动词或表状态的词(短语) 。如：1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice_he came to Yunnan. A. after B. before C. since D. for析：主句用的是现在完成时，而从句用的是一般过去时，故选 C。2. Tom_the CD player for two weeks.A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has
11、 had析：A、B、C 均为非延续性动词，在肯定句中不与表 “段时间“的短语连用，故选 D。现在完成时讲解与习题 From: Constance Lee33. I_a letter from him since he left. A. didnt receive B. havent got C. didnt have D. havent heard析：据 since 可知，应排除 A、C，“hear from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb.“意为“ 收到某人的来信“，故选B。三、考查 have/has been (to, in)/have/has
12、gone (to)的区别。如：1. -Have you ever_Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors? -Yes, I have. A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to析：据句中的 have，排除 A， B 项意为“去某地了“ ，C 项意为“一直呆在某地“ ，D 项意为“去过某地“，符合题意，故选 D。2. My parents _ Shangdong for ten years. A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been
13、析：本题句中有“for+ 段时间“结构，据此可排除 C，B 项意为 “去过某地“，不合题意，D 项缺介词，故选 A。四、考查现在完成时与其他时态的联系和区别。如：1. Suns aunt has gone there for ten years.(改成正确的句子)析：非延续性动词与“段时间 “连用时，除了把非延续性动词改成延续性动词外，还可把动词改为一般过去时或借助句型“Its + 段时间+since+从句“进行句子转换。故答案为：Suns aunt has been there for ten years. /Suns aunt went there ten years ago. /Its
14、ten years since Suns aunt went there. 2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.(改为同义句)_more than ten years _Susan _to this city. 析：据上题分析，且 since 引导的从句要用一般过去时，故填 It is, since, came。3. I wont go to the concert because I _my ticket. A. lost B. dont lose C. have lost D. is coming析：因我丢了票的动作
15、发生在过去，而且对现在造成了我不能参加音乐会的结果，符合现在完成时所表示的含意，故选 C。五、英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区别。一、持续性动词: 表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的 study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean , sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, sit, stand, lie, keep 等。二、瞬间性动词: 表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。常见的-begin, start, finish, go, come, le
16、ave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off 等瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常有两种方法：（1）用意思相当的持续性动词来替换He has been in the army/a soldier for three years. （他参军已有 3 年了。 ）不用
17、 has joined She has been up for quite some time. （她起床已有好久了。 ）不用 has got up Has your brother been away from home for a long time? （离家已有好久了吗？）不用 has left 常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系：1、gobe away 2、comebe here 3、come backbe back 4、leavebe away（be not here） 现在完成时讲解与习题 From: Constance Lee45、buyhave 6、borrowkeep 7、die
18、 be dead 8、beginbe on 9、finishbe over 10、openbe open 11、closebe closed 12、losebe lost 13、get to knowknow 14、turn onbe on 15、get upbe up 16、sit downsit/beseated 17、joinbe in （）或 be amember 18、becomebe（2）用 it issince结构来替换瞬间动词例 1：电影已经开映 5 分钟了。 （两种方法）The film has been on for five minutes. Its five minut
19、es since the film began.例 2：他离开上海已有 3 天了。 （两种方法）He has been away from Shanghai for three days. It is three days since he left Shanghai.这本书我还给图书馆已有两周了。 （一种方法）例 3：Its two weeks since I returned the book to the library. 他找到他妹妹已有多久了？（一种方法） How long is it since be found his sister?例 4：瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的
20、状语连用I havent seen you for a long time.（好久没见到你了。 ）练习题一、单项选择 1. Li Hong has _ the army for 2 years. A. joined B. be in C. been in D. joined in 2. We have been friends since _. A. children B. five years C. five years ago D. five years before 3. Mike _ the story for a month. A. has bought B. has had C.
21、had had D. has borrowed 4. You _ that question three times. A. already asked B. have already asked C. already have asked D. asked already 5. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou _. A. since last week B. a week ago C. for a week D. since a week ago 6. I _ at this school for two years. A. am studying
22、B. study C. studied D. have studied 7. They _ in the city since last summer. A. live B. didnt live C. have lived D. live 8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _ 1992. A. since B. from C. after D. in 9. Mr. Black _ China since the summer of 1998. A. has been to B. has been in C. has come to D. came to 10.
23、 His father _ for years. 现在完成时讲解与习题 From: Constance Lee5A. has died B. has been dead C. died D. dies 11. Mary _ to see the films because she _ it twice. A. wont go, saw B. wont go, will see C. wont go, has seen D. didnt go, sees 12.- Would you like some more food? -Thank you. I _ enough. A. will hav
24、e B. have had C. have D. had 13. -_ you _ England? -Yes, it _ a beautiful country. A. Will, gone to, was B. Have , been to, is C. Had, been to, is D. Have, gone to, is 14. -_ you _ to Beijing? -No, I _.I _ there early next month. A. Have, been, havent, am going B. Had, been, hadnt, am going C. Have,
25、 gone, havent, was going D. Did, go, didnt, was going 15. -You sister _ to London to study English. Is that true? -Yes , she _ there for two months. A. has been, has been B. will go, has gone C. gone, will be D. has gone, has been 16. He has a computer of his own. He _ it two days ago A. buy B. boug
26、ht C. buys D. has bought 17. Where is Li Lei? He _ Shanghai. A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to 18. He _ his homework and is now listening to music. A finishes B. has finished C. finish D. is finishing 19. David _ Shanghai for more than three months. A. came to B. has been to C. has
27、 been in D. has come to 20. - Is your father a Party member? - Yes, he _ the party three years ago. He _ a Party member for three years. A. joined; has been B. has joined; has been C. was joined; is D. joined; was 21. -What a nice bike! How long _ you _ it? -Just five weeks. A. will; buy B. did; buy
28、 C. are; having D. have; had 22. I _ this book for a week .I have to return it now. A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept 23. -_ your sister _ in Green China for a long time? -Yes. She joined it five years ago. A. Has; been B. Have; been C. Has; joined D. Have; joined 24. -How long have
29、you _ from the USA? -For three months. A. come back B. returned C. go back D. been back 25. I _ this book for half a year. A. have bought B. have had C. bought D. had 26. The students are sorry to hear that famous singer _ for a year. A. has left B. has gone C. has been away D. has gone away 现在完成时讲解
30、与习题 From: Constance Lee627. - _ you_ your homework yet? -Yes, I _ it just now. A. Did; do; finished B. Have; done; finished C. Have; done; have finished D. Will; do; finish 28. The sand storm weather _ in Beijing several times this year. A. happen B. happened C. has happened D. have happened 29. -Ho
31、w long have you been here? - _ last month. A. For B. Until C. Before D. Since 30. He _ a cold for three days. A. has caught B. has had C. has got D. caught 31. Jim Green _ in China for two years. A. has come B. has been C. has arrived D. came 32. The film _ for half an hour. A. has been on B. has be
32、gun C. hasnt begun D. began 33.Where have you _ these days？ I have _ to Beijing with my friends A. been；gone B. been；been C. gone；been D. gone；gone 34How long have you _ this book？ A. bought Bborrowed Chad Dlent 35. We have lived here _ five years ago A. when Bsince Cbefore Dafter 36I have watched t
33、he game When _you _ it？ Ahave；watched B do；watch Cdid；watch Dwill；watch 37 How do you like Beijing, Mr. Black？ Oh，I _ such a beautiful city Adont visit Bdidnt visit Chavent visited Dhadnt visited 38 Miss Brown _ to the Great Wall twice Ahave been Bhas been Chave gone Dhas gone 39.His brother has bee
34、n to Stone Forest twice _ he came to Yunnan Aafter Bbefore Csince Dfor 40 His grandpa _ for two years Awas died Bhas been dead Cwas dead Dhas died 41Have you ever_ to Haikou？ Yes，I_ there with my family last August Agone；went Bbeen；went Cbeen；went to Dbeen；was in 42. His sister _ her hometown for th
35、ree years. Shell return next year Aleft Bhas left Chas been away Dhas been away from现在完成时讲解与习题 From: Constance Lee7二、用适当的时态填空： 1.Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten. 2.Both of them _ (be) in Hongkong for ten days. 3.Both of them _ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago. 4. Half an hour _ (pass) since
36、 the train _ (leave). 5. Mary_(lose) her pen. _ you _ (see) it here and there? 6. _ you _ (find) your watch yet? 7. -Are you thirsty? -No I _ just _ (have) some orange. 8. We _already _ (return) the book. 9. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village? 10. I _(not finish) my homework . Can you help
37、 me? 11. My father _ (read) the novel twice. 12. I _ (buy) a book just now. 13. I _ (lost ) my watch yesterday. 14. My father _ (read) this book since yesterday. 三、翻译下列句子： 1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？ 2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。 3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。 4. 他已经吃过午饭了。 5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？ 6. 我哥哥还没回来。 7. 我上星期看过这部电影。 8. 在 1992 年他住在这里。9.这本字典我已买了三年了。 现在完成时讲解与习题 From: Constance Lee810.他离开中国三年了。
