1、- 1 -专题 04 Astronomy the science of the stars【高频单词】1system ( n.) 系统；体系；制度2theory ( n.) 学说；理论theoretical ( adj.) 理论上的3atmosphere ( n.) 大气层；气氛4thus ( adv.) 因此；于是5harmful ( adj.) 有害的harm ( n.) 害处( vt.) 对有害6puzzle ( vt.&vi.)(使)迷惑； (使)为难 ( n.) 谜；难题puzzled ( adj.)迷惑不解的7pull ( n.&vt.) 拉(力)；拖；牵引力8float ( vi
2、.&vt.) (使)浮动；(使)漂浮 ( n.) 漂浮物9violent ( adj.) 猛烈的violence ( n.) 暴力violently ( adv.) 猛烈地10globe ( n.) 球体；地球仪global ( adj.) 全球性的；全世界的11presence ( n.)出席；到场；存在present ( adj.) 出席的；到场的 ( vt.) 呈递12reaction ( n.) 反应；回应react ( vi.) 反应；回应13unlike ( prep.) 与不同；不像like (反义词) ( prep.&v.) 像；喜欢dislike ( v.&n.) 不喜欢14
3、exist ( vi.) 存在；生存existence ( n.) 存在15gentle ( adj.) 温和的；文雅的gently ( adv.) 温和地；文雅地；温柔地16physicist ( n.) 物理学家physical ( adj.) 物理的；身体的physician ( n.) 医师，(尤指)内科医生physics ( n.) 物理学【重点短语】1in_time 及时；终于2in_ones_turn 轮到某人；接着3prevent._from 阻止；制止4cheer_up 感到高兴；感到振奋5break_out 突发；爆发- 2 -6watch_out_for 密切注意；当心；
4、提防7lay_eggs 下蛋8give_birth_to 产生；分娩9now_that 既然10block_out 挡住(光线)11as_well_as 和；以及12get_the_hang_of 熟悉；掌握；理解【热点句型】1whether.or not 是否The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or_not (是否). (教材 P25)2make it adj./n. for sb./sth. to do sth.This produced a chain reactio
5、n, which made_it_possible_for_life_to_develop (使生命发展成为可能). (教材 P26)3now that 引导的原因状语从句.walking does need a bit of practice now_that_ (既然) gravity has changed. (教材 P31)4as.as 比较结构., but it will not be as_strong a pull as (像一样强) the earths. (教材 P31)5 “倍数as adj./adv.as”句型But when I tried to step forwar
6、d, I found I was carried twice_as_far_as_on_the_earth (是地球上的两倍远) and fell over. (教材 P31)高频考点一 单词例 1、harmful adj.有害的What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. (P26)- 3 -很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把
7、有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。【归纳拓展】(1)be harmful to 对有害(2)harm n& vt.伤害；损害Do harm to sb. /do sb. harm 对某人有害There is no harm in doing sth.做某事没有害处(3)harmless adj.无害的harmlessness n无害【语境助记】The drought was_harmful_to the crops.这场干旱对农作物有危害。Fruit juice can do_harm_to childrens teeth.果汁可能会损害儿童的牙齿。They may not be able to
8、 help but theres_no_harm in asking them.他们可能帮不上忙，但求他们一下倒也无妨。例 2、exist vi.存在；生存They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.(P26)它们也下蛋并在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。【归纳拓展】(1)exist on 靠生存/生活exist by 靠方式为生exist in 存在于之中There exist(s).某地有；存在消极的一面(2)come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在in existe
9、nce 现存的(3)existing adj.现存的；目前的【名师点睛】exist是 不 及 物 动 词 ， 没 有 被 动 语 态 ， 也 不 用 于 进 行 时 。- 4 -【语境助记】2016四川高考It exists in milk in great amount.牛奶中它(钙)的含量很大。They cant exist_on the money hes earning.他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。There_exists a generation gap between the young and the old.青年人和老年人之间存在着代沟。Pakistan came_into
10、_existence as an independent country after the war.巴基斯坦在战后就以一个独立国家存在了。It can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in_existence,_such as Decio which was grown by the Romans.能看到仍然存在的传统的苹果品种，如曾由罗马人种植的 Decio 苹果，真是令人大开眼界。介词填空aEven though he is a little boy, strange ideas alwa
11、ys exist in his mind.bThe old lady became seriously ill last week, and she has only existed on milk ever since.cThe Imperial Palace in Beijing has been in existence for more than 500 years. 例 3、puzzle n谜；难题 vt.& vi.(使)迷惑； (使)为难How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists fou
12、nd hard to solve.(P27)地球上的生命是怎样开始的，这是科学家们发现难以解决的最大的谜团之一。【归纳拓展】(1)be in a puzzle 感到困惑；不知如何是好a puzzle to sb. 一件让人感到困惑的事情puzzle about/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索puzzle sb. 迷惑某人；使某人困惑puzzle sth. out 琢磨出的答案(2)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的- 5 -puzzled adj. 感到迷惑的be puzzled about 对迷惑不解【名师点睛】puzzled 意为“迷惑的；不解的” ，往往用于指人或人的表情、脸色、声音等
13、；puzzling意为“令人迷惑的；让人不解的” ，往往指物。【语境助记】2016江苏高考Many people are somewhat puzzled at the negative side of the voting, although some are quite happy with it, and active in doing it.尽管有些人热衷于选举，并且积极参与，但是也有很多人对选举消极的一面有点儿困惑。People have long puzzled_over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.人们长期对埃及人如何搬动如此巨
14、大的石头而感到困惑不解。牛津高阶He was trying to puzzle_out why he had been brought to the house.他想弄明白自己为何被带到这所房子。What_puzzled_the_doctors_most was that they could not find the cause of the disease.使医生最困惑的是他们找不到致病的原因。Im in_a_puzzle as to what to do next.对于下一步该做什么我不知道。Where the missing plane has gone still remains a
15、_puzzle_to us.失联飞机去了哪儿对我们来说仍是个谜。The puzzled look on her face suggested she was puzzling over the puzzling maths problem.她脸上困惑的表情暗示了她正在思考令人困惑的数学问题。例 4、pull n& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earths gravi
16、ty.(P30)随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。【归纳拓展】pull away (车辆等)驶离；开走- 6 -pull in (车辆等)进站；靠停pull down 拆除；(把身体)拖垮pull off (匆忙地)脱下(衣物)；(成功地)完成pull on (匆忙地)穿上pull out 拔出；驶出；摆脱(困难)pull through 恢复健康；渡过难关pull up 停车pull together (使)齐心协力【语境助记】I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned round.我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。2016全
17、国卷Larry pulled_over,_set the brake and got hold of the fire extinguisher (灭火器)拉里停下车，将车设为制动状态并抓起灭火器开始灭火。2016江苏高考I now regularly pull_out my phone to check a fact, watch a video, read weibo.现在我会定期拿出手机核查事实，看录像及读微博。They are_pulling_down some houses to make room for a new hotel.他们正在拆除一些房子，目的是为了给新旅馆腾地。The
18、 train pulled_in and all the passengers got off.火车进站了，所有的乘客都下了车。So long as we pull_together theres no mountain top we cant conquer.只要我们齐心协力，就没有攀登不上的高峰。Everyone was very concerned whether he would pull_through or not.每个人都很关心他是否能痊愈。高频考点二 短语例 1、in time 及时；终于；最终They were in time to produce carbon dioxid
19、e, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, . (P25)它们最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他气体，- 7 -【归纳拓展】at a time 一次；每次at one time 曾经；一度at times 有时，间或at no time 决不；从不at the same time 与此同时；然而in no time 立刻；马上on time 按时；准时for the time being 暂时take ones time 别着急；慢慢来【名师点睛】1 in time 后可接 for sth./to do sth.的形式，意为“做某事及时/来得及”
20、。2 at no time 等含否定意义的词组位于句首，句子要部分倒装；in no time 意为“立刻，马上” ，无否定意义，置于句首，不引起倒装。【语境助记】We arrived in the summer, just in_time to enjoy the midnight sun.我们是夏季到的，正好赶上欣赏子夜的太阳。If you keep on, you will succeed in_time.如果坚持下去，总有一天你会成功的。Well do up your car in_no_time at all.我们很快就能把你的汽车修好。If you cant arrive there
21、 on_time,_you should inform them of it in advance.如果你不能按时到达，应该预先通知他们。2016全国卷At_one_time,_I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.我曾一度感觉父母不理解我，因此我希望能够摆脱他们的束缚。2016北京高考Anxious all_the_time,_I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.我一直都很焦虑，
22、很难一次集中注意力一个多小时。例 2、in ones turn 轮到某人；接着- 8 -Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.(P26)于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。【归纳拓展】in turn 依次；轮流；逐个；相应地；转而by turns 轮流；依次take turns doing/to_do sth. 轮流做Its ones turn to_do sth. 轮到某人干某事It turns/turned out that. 结果【语境助记】All theori
23、es are from practice and in_turn serve practice.所有的理论都来源于实践，并转而为实践服务。When it_is_in_my_turn,_I am too excited to speak.当轮到我时，我激动地说不出话来。I think its_my_turn to drive the kids to school this week.我想这周该轮到我开车送孩子们上学了。The young parents had to take_turns to look after their sick baby.这对年轻的父母不得不轮流照看他们生病的孩子。It
24、_turned_out_that this young man was none other than the old mans son.结果这位年轻人竟然正是这个老人的儿子。例 3、cheer up (使)高兴；(使)振奋；感到高兴；感到振奋I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.(P31)我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，
25、而(前方的)月球越来越大。【归纳拓展】(1)cheer sb. up 使某人感到高兴/振奋cheer sb. on 为鼓气；向喝彩(2)cheering adj.能鼓舞人的；使人振作/高兴的cheerful adj.快乐的；高兴的；兴高采烈的- 9 -cheerless adj.阴冷的；阴暗的；阴郁的；不快乐的cheers (用于祝酒)干杯；再见【语境助记】2016天津高考Cathy didnt expect any award but was still there to cheer_up her friends and praise their accomplishments.凯茜并未期待
26、任何奖励，而是仍旧在那里鼓励她的朋友们，表扬他们的成绩。When Im feeling sad my mother tells me funny stories to_cheer_me_up.当我感到忧伤时，我的母亲就给我讲有趣的故事让我高兴起来。We did our best to cheer_him_on when he was about to give up.当他将要放弃时，我们尽力鼓励他。2016天津高考In the authors eyes, motorheads are cheerful_and_smart.在作者眼中，技校学生是快乐而且聪明的。Cheers! With our
27、coffee cups for our future!以咖啡代酒，为我们的未来干杯吧！高频考点三 句型例 3、This produced a chain reaction, which made_it_possible for life to_develop.(P26)这就产生了一个连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。【归纳拓展】这是“make it形容词/名词to do sth.”句型。该句型中 it 为形式宾语，指代后面的不定式结构，形容词或名词为宾语补足语。(1)makeit形容词/名词不定式/从句(2)make宾语宾语补足语Error!(3)find,_feel,_think,_leave
28、 等动词也有这样的用法【语境助记】2016江苏高考Better sewers (下水道) make_it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach.更好的下水道使得人们在暴雨之后肠胃不适病的爆发就不太可能发生。They want to make_it_clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.- 10 -他们想让人们明白他们做的是重要和必要的工作。The fact that she
29、was foreign made_it_difficult for her to get a job in that country.她是一个外国人的事实使得她在那个国家很难找到一份工作。例 2、But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice_as_far_as on the earth and fell over.(P31)而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。【归纳拓展】twice as far as.是一种倍数的表示方法，意为“是的两倍远” 。as far as.“
30、远到” 。英语里常见的倍数表达法有：A动词倍数as adj./adv.原级as BA动词倍数 adj. /adv.比较级than BA动词倍数the名词(size/weight/length.)of BA动词倍数what 从句，表示“A 是的多少倍”A动词倍数thatof B【语境助记】The plane flew ten_times_as_high as the kite.那架飞机的飞行高度是那只风筝的十倍。It is reported that a new planet has been discovered recently, which is almost three_times_bi
31、gger than Earth.Hopefully it can support human life.据报道，最近发现了一颗新行星，几乎比地球大三倍。人类有望能在上面生活。Beijing is ten_times_the_size of my hometown.北京是我家乡的十倍大。The worlds population has grown to more than six_times_what it was in 1800.目前世界人口与 1800 年相比已经增长到当时的六倍多。Its said that the power plant is now twice_as_large_as what it was.Its said that the power plant is now twice_the_size_of what it was.
