1、- 1 -专题 01 Friendship第一节 阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。You probably know who Marie Curie was，but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below，who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams(18601935)Anyone who has ever been hel
2、ped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson
3、 (19071964)If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans.Sandra Day OConnor (1930present)When Sandra D
4、ay OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and，in 1981, the first woman to join the US.Supreme Court.OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 2
5、4 years on the top court.Rosa Parks (19132005)On December 1，1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year, and - 2 -kicked off the c
6、ivilrights movement.“The only tired I was，was tired of giving in， ” said Parks.语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了不同领域的四位女性先驱。1What is Jane Addams noted for in history?AHer social work.BHer teaching skills.CHer efforts to win a prize.DHer community background.答案：A2What was the reason for OConnors being rejected by
7、the law firm?AHer lack of proper training in law.BHer little work experience in court.CThe discrimination against women.DThe poor financial conditions.解析：细节理解题。根据 Sandra Day OConnor 下的第一句 When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School.可知，她在斯坦福大学法学院受过教育，并非缺少正规的法律培训，故 A 项错误
8、；文中未提及她在法庭上的工作经验少，故 B 项错误；根据.she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.可知，她没能在法律事务所找到工作，是因为她是一名女性，这与 C 项“对于女性的歧视”相符，故选 C 项；文中未提及她的经济状况，故 D 项错误。答案：C3Who made a great contribution to the civilrights movement in the US.?AJane Addams. BRachel Carson.CSandra Day OConnor. DRosa Parks.-
9、 3 -解析：细节理解题。根据 Rosa Parks 下的.it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year，and kicked off the civilrights movement.可知，它导致了蒙哥马利巴士抵制运动，这场运动持续了一年多，开始了民权运动，故选 D 项，是 Rosa Parks 对美国的民权运动做出了很大贡献。答案：D4What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?AThey are highly educa
10、ted. BThey are truly creative.CThey are pioneers. DThey are peacelovers.答案：C第二节 七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Secret codes(密码) keep messages private.Banks，companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.People have
11、used secret codes for thousands of years._1_ Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making.The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.There are three main types of cryptography._2_ For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the h
12、idden message “Meet me.”_3_ You might represent each letter with a number, for example.Lets number the letters of the alphabet，in order，from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.”- 4 -A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sen
13、tences.To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book._4_ For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.”_5_ However，it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes must be changed freque
14、ntly.AIt is very hard to break a code without the code book.BIn any language，some letters are used more than others.COnly people who know the keyword can read the message.DAs long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.EYou can hide a message by having the first letters of each wo
15、rd spell it out.FWith a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.GAnother way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.答案：15 DEGFA第三节 完形填空阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从 120 题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中，选出最佳选项。A Heroic Driver(2016全国卷)Larry works with Tra
16、nsport Drivers, Inc.One morning in 2009, Larry was _1_ along 165 north after delivering to one of his _2_Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on._3_ he got closer，he found _4_ vehicle upside down on the road.One more look and he noticed _5_ shooting out from under the _6_ vehicle.Larry pull
17、ed over, set the brake and _7_ the fire extinguisher(灭火器)Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.The man who had his bright lights on _8_ and told Larry he had _9_ an emergency call.They _10_ heard a womans voice coming from the wrecked(毁坏的) vehicle._11_ the vehicle, they saw
18、that a woman was trying to get out of the - 5 -broken window.They told her to stay _12_ until the emergency personnel arrived，_13_ she thought the car was going to _14_Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move _15_ she injured her neck.Once fire and emergency people
19、 arrived, Larry and the other man _16_ and let them go to work.Then, Larry asked the _17_ if he was needed or _18_ to go.They let him and the other man go.One thing is _19_Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle！His _20_ most likely saved the womans li
20、fe.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了运输司机拉里在路上冒险救人的故事。你想知道他的英勇事迹吗？快读一下文章吧！1A.walking BtouringCtraveling Drushing解析：上下文语境题。根据文章的第一句话可知，拉里是一名运输司机，2009 年的一天上午，他在运送完他的一个客户的货物后，在公路上行进(travel)。walk 走，步行；tour旅游，观光；travel 旅行，行进；rush 急速行进。答案：C2A.passengers BcolleaguesCemployers Dcustomers答案：D3A.Since BAlthoughCAs DIf解析：下文语
21、境题。根据下文的 he found.(他发现)知，此处是指当(as)他靠近时。since 既然，自以来；although 虽然，尽管；as 当的时候；if 如果，假如。答案：C4A.each BanotherCthat Dhis- 6 -解析：下文语境题。前文提到了一辆亮着汽车大灯的车，下文又提到了另一(another)辆车。答案：B5A.flames BsmokeCwater Dsteam解析：下文语境题。根据空格后的 shooting out from under.(从下面冒出)以及下文的 the fire extinguisher 知是火焰(flame)。flame 火焰；smoke 烟
22、；water 水；steam蒸汽。答案：A6A.used BdisabledCremoved Dabandoned解析：下文语境题。下文的 wrecked(毁坏的)与 disabled(有障碍的，残疾的)一致。汽车在事故中受了损害，应该用 disabled 来修饰，disabled vehicle 失去行驶能力的车辆。used 用过的；disabled 有障碍的，残疾的；abandoned 被抛弃的，被遗弃的；removed 是remove 的过去分词，意为“被移走的，被清除的” 。答案：B7A.got hold of BpreparedCtook charge of Dcontrolled解
23、析：上下文语境题。根据上文的 pulled over，set the brake and.和下文的 the fire extinguisher 可知，拉里先向路边停靠，然后踩刹车，最后抓住(get hold of)灭火器。get hold of 抓住；prepare 准备；take charge of 负责；control 控制。答案：A8A.came down Bcame throughCcame in Dcame over解析：下文语境题。根据空格后的 told Larry 知是走过来(come over)。come down 下降，降低；come through 收到，传来，获批准；co
24、me in 进来；come over 过来。答案：D9A.returned BreceivedCmade Dconfirmed解析：固定搭配题。make an emergency call 打紧急呼救电话。return 回来，归还；- 7 -receive 收到；make 进行，制造；confirm 确认，证实，认可。答案：C10A.then BagainCfinally Deven答案：A11A.Starting BParkingCPassing DApproaching解析：下文语境题。根据下文的 saw(看见)知是靠近(approach)汽车。start 开动，开始； park 停车；p
25、ass 通过；approach 接近，靠近。答案：D12A.quiet BstillCaway Dcalm解析：词义辨析题。根据下文的 until the emergency personnel arrived 可知，他们告诉她在紧急救援人员来之前不要动(stay still)。quiet 静静的，常表示一个人的性情稳定或外表安静；still 静止的，不动的；away 离开；calm 平静的，镇静的。答案：B13A.for BsoCand Dbut答案：D14A.explode Bslip awayCfall apart Dcrash解析：上下文语境题。根据下文的 put out the fi
26、re(扑灭了火)知，此处是指车里的女士担心汽车会因起火而爆炸(explode)。explode 爆炸；slip away 逃走；fall apart 破裂，崩溃；crash 碰撞，坠毁。答案：A15A.as if Bunless- 8 -Cin case Dafter解析：上文语境题。她不应该动，以免(in case)伤了脖子。as if 好像，似乎；unless除非，如果不；in case 以防万一；after 在之后。答案：C16A.stepped forward Bbacked offCmoved on Dset out解析：下文语境题。根据空格后的 let them go to wor
27、k(让他们去工作)知，空格处是指拉里和另一个人往后退(back off)了。step forward 往前走；back off 往后退；move on继续往前；set out 出发，动身。答案：B17A.woman BpoliceCman Ddriver解析：下文语境题。根据下文的 They let him 知，空格处是表示复数的名词，有此用法的是集合名词 police。woman 女人；police 警察；man 男人；driver 司机。答案：B18A.forbidden BreadyCasked Dfree解析：下文语境题。根据下文的 let him and the other man
28、go 可知，拉里应该是问警察是否还需要他还是没什么事他可以走了。forbid 禁止；ready 准备好的；ask 要求，请求；free 自由的，空闲的。答案：D19A.for certain Bfor considerationCreported Dchecked答案：A20A.patience BskillsCefforts Dpromise解析：上文语境题。根据上文发生的事情知，拉里的努力(effort)挽救了那位女士的性命。patience 耐心；skill 技巧；effort 努力；promise 承诺，诺言。- 9 -答案：C第四节 语法填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文
29、连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。(2015广东卷)Mr.Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children.He owned 1._ farm，which looked almost abandoned.2._ (lucky)，he also had a cow which produced milk every day.He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby 3._ other food and made cheese and
30、 butter for the family with what 4._ (leave)The cow was their only means of support，in fact.One day，the cow was eating grass 5._ it began to rain heavily.While making great efforts to run away，she 6._ (fall) over the hill and died.Then the Johnsons had to make a living 7._ the cow.In order to suppor
31、t his family，Mr.Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables.Since the plants took a while to grow，he started cutting down trees 8._ (sell) the wood.Thinking about his childrens clothes，he started growing cotton too.When harvest came around，he was already selling herbs，vegetables and cotton in the ma
32、rket 9._ people from the towns met regularly.Now it occurred to 10._ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.语篇解读：本文为记叙文，题材为人物故事类。本文讲述了主人公 Mr.Johnson 的生活经历。虽然他意外地失去了以往用以谋生的奶牛，却在之后的生活中收获了更多，可谓“塞翁失马焉知非福” 。1解析：考查冠词。本空后为单数名词 farm，且第一次提到，故填 a。答案：a2解析：考查词性转换。本空修饰整个
33、句子，应用副词形式，故填 Luckily。答案：Luckily3解析：考查介词。exchange.for.用交换。答案：for4解析：考查动词的时态和语态。谓语动词和主语之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，又因为动作发生在过去应用一般过去时，故填 was left。- 10 -答案：was left5解析：考查连词。此句中 when 意为“这时” 。答案：when答案：fell7解析：考查介词。根据上文可知 Mr.Johnson 失去了他的奶牛，且此空后为 the cow，故用介词 without。答案：without8解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知此处表示他开始砍伐树木的目的，故填 to sell。答案：to sell9解析：考查定语从句。先行词是表地点的名词 market，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填 where。答案：where10解析：考查代词。根据句型 It occurred to sb.that.“某人想到”及上下文中的人称使用情况可知答案。答案：him
