1、1mendrepairrespectmeasureoccurinsistupsetprovebe divided intobe divided bybe responsible forbe in charge ofcautiouscropsalarycharitydonatesourceformpretendpreventexist paradisebe forbidden tomonitor 班长，监控directlydisplaychallengeinterviewpredictmannertypical欢迎，打招呼conversationopposite-adj.hand ingestu
2、remanagementfactoroperatebutton 按钮，钮扣complainpositive-negative强迫某人做某事wallet=purse 钱包口袋捡起return sth to sbgive back to.还回给某人junksnack 零食snake 蛇hut 小屋fairunfairthe attitude withbe appreciated bypraisechorebe supposed tostaffstuffauthority 权威，当局awful 令人不愉快的remindfitpunishmentsevereunifyregularsuffersuff
3、er from stresstake a breakpositive-negativeforce sb to do=force asb into doingwallet=purse 钱包pocket 口袋pick upreturn sth to sbgive back to.还回给某人junk 垃圾snack 零食snake 蛇hut 小屋fair 公平unfair 不公平the attitude with 对.的态度be appreciated by 被某人欣赏/感激praise 赞扬chore 杂事be supposed to 被认为staff 员工，全体职工stuff 材料，东西auth
4、ority 权威，当局awful 令人不愉快的remind 提醒，使想起keep fit 保持健康fit 合适，益处launch 发射punishment 惩罚severe 严重的，严厉的unify 统一regular 规律的suffer 遭受，忍受suffer from stress 承受压力take a break 休息一下no longer=not.any longer2英语中六大从句用法总结 1.主语从句 1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用 it 作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有： *It is a facta pitya questiongoo
5、d news that. *It seemsappearshappenedhas turned out that. *It is clearimportantlikelypossible that. *It is saidreportedestimatedhas been proved that. 2)what 引导的主语从句表示“.的东西时”，一般不用 it 作形式主语 。 What we lack is experience. 3)what,who,when,why,whether 等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。 How the plan is to be c
6、arried out should be discussed again. I did know why I felt like crying. 2.宾语从句 1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词 that 常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为) ,except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接 that 引导的宾语从句。 *I promised that I would change the situation. *All this is different from what American youn
7、g people would say about friendship. *He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children. *This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long. 2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用 形式宾语 it 来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。 He has made it clear that he would not change his mind. 3)在 think,believe,suppose,ex
8、pect 等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。 He didnt think that the money was well spent. 3.表语从句 表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how 等引导外，还可由 because,as if(though)等引导。that 常可省略。如主句主语为 reason,只能用 that 引导表语从句， 不可用 because. The reason why so many people died there
9、is that there were not enough food supplies. It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller. 4.同位语从句 同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词 that 引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用 whether,who,when,where,what,why,how 等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggesti
10、on,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。 She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show. I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time. The news came that their team had won the championship. 35.定语从句 定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。
11、关系词 在从句中的成分 修饰的先行词 可否省略关系代词 that 主语/宾语 人、物 作宾语时可省略which 主语/宾语 物 作宾语时可省略who，whom，whose 主语/宾语/定语 人 作宾语时可省略关系副词 When ，where，why 时间状语，地点状语，原因时间、地点、原因一般可省略*限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句修饰先行词，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有 who,whom,whose,which,that 等。 who,whom,whose 用于指人，whose 有时也可指物，相当于 of which；which 用于指物 ；that
12、 既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother. The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations. Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to
13、other people. 1)当先行词是 all,anything,everything,something,nothing 等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only 以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词 that 引导从句。That is all that Ive heard from him. Hes the first person that Im going to interview this afternoon. 2)关系代词的省略 ：从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用 that，只可用 wh
14、ich 或 whom 引导从句，并且不可省略 ，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用 that，也可省略。 This is one of those things with which we have to put up. This is one of those things (whichthat) we have to put up with. 3)引导定语从句的关系副词有 when,where,why 等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。 Even in comic books where(=in which) there are
15、no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings. No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day. *非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用 that 引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。 Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism. *“介词
16、+whichwhomwhose”引导的定语从句 “介词 +whichwhomwhose”可引导 限制性定语从句，也可 引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。 This is the computer on which he spent all his savings.It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar. 4*as 引导的定语从句 as 引导的定语从句主要用于“such.as ”及“the same.as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as 引导非限制性定语从句时
17、，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。 These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as 代替 先行词 problems) As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语) 6.状语从句 *时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有： 1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once 等。 We hav
18、e learnt quite a lot about it since we came here. 2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely).when,no sooner.than,each(every) time,the moment,immediately(that)等。 As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses. The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy. *地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的连词是 where,wher
19、ever. Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her. *原因、结果和目的状语从句 1）引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that 等。 Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well. 2)引导结果状语从句的连词有： so.that,such.that ,so that,that,so 等。 Mickey Mouse is so at
20、tractive that the children are reluctant to leave. 3)引导目的状语从句的连词有： so that,in order that,for fear that,lest 等，从句常使用may,might,can,could,would 等情态动词。 We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station. *条件和让步状语从句 1）引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有 if,unless,as(so) long as,on condi
21、tion that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing 等。 As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data. 2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有 though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how.),whatever(whenever,wherever,however)等。though,even if 等引导状语从句可
22、转换成含有 as 的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”。 No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind. Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young) Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child) *方式状语从句 引导方式状语从句的连词有 as,just as,as if,as though
23、等。 as if,as though 引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。 The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him. 5Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened. 1.It is reported that two schools, both of _are being built in my hometown, will open next year.A. that B. which C. them D. t
24、hose2.Jack, _ everyone can see, is an honest child. A. which B. that C. that D. as3.Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _, of course, make all the others upset. A. who B. which C. what D. that4.He is reading the book _he borrowed from the library yesterday.A. whose B. where C. w
25、hich D. as5. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _ the audience can buy ice-cream.A. when B. where C. that D. which6.Do you know the speed _ the car is running? A. at which B. which C. with which D. that7.While driving through the city, she showed me the building _ she once worked a
26、s a lift operator. A. among which B. which C. in which D. that8.Life is like a long race _we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.A. why B. what C. that D. where9.All the neighbors admire this family, _ the parents are treating their child like a friend. A. why B. where C. which D. that10.The
27、age _ children can go to school is seven. A. at which B. by which C. which D. whose11. My glasses, _ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.A. without which B. with which C. for which D. in which12.The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found.A. which B. where C. in which
28、 D. in that13.How much do you have in your pocket?150 yuan, all of _ came from my grandma. A. which B. them C. it D. that14.The size of the audience, _ we had expected, was well over 20,000.A. as B. where C. which D. why15.Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _ is a stupi
29、d thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which16.Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family.A. which B. where C. when D. as17.Occasions are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with my kids.A. who B. which C. why D. when18.By nine ocloc
30、k, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, appeared a rare rainbow soon. A. which B. on which C. that D. above which19.The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _ they are being trained. A. that B. for which C. which D. about whi
31、ch20.What do you think of teacher, Bob？I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting.A. where B. which C. when D. that21.Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. A. where B. whe
32、n C. who D. which22.The lazy boy is expecting a way _ he can get through the exams without hard work.A. which B. with which C. in which D. whom23.The reason _ he was late for school was that he got up late.6A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which24.The Great Wall is the place _ almost all t
33、ourists would like to visit when they come to BeijingA. why B. which C. when D. where25.Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. A. where B. when C. who D. which26.I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will creat
34、e a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind. A. which B. of which C. that D. whose27.Since 1995, _ people call the Year of the Internet, the world has turned flat thanks to the net work A. which B. when C. in which D. by which time28.We went to the West Lake yesterday, , not surprisin
35、gly, was crowded with visitors from all over the world A. where B. which C. that D. when29.The time is not far away _ modern communications will become widespread in Chinas vast countryside.A. as B. when C. until D. before30.They talked happily about the things and persons_ they remembered in the co
36、llege.A. who B. which C. whose D. that. 选择填空（20 分）1. Frank fell over at the beginning of the race, but he was ahead of the other runners in the end.A. higher than B. longer than C. faster than D. more quickly than2. What a terrible rain we had last month! Yes, it caused floods and a large number of
37、cars went wrong. A. were washed away B. broke down C. disappeared D. stopped to work3. The Shenzhen City consists of many districts, including Luohu, Futian, Nanshan and so on.A. are full of B. are covered with C. is filled with D. is made up of4. The children should be taken good care of because th
38、ey are unaware of the danger around them. A. dont know about B. cant deal with C. find out D. pay attention to5. Congratulations! You have won the first prize in the Robcup Competition! Thank you. It was not easy, but we made it at last. A. deserved it B. succeeded C. caught it D. held it6. Mike, do
39、 you know _ man with glasses next to Mr. White? He is my uncle Simon. He is _ art teacher in our school.A. the; / B. the; an C. /; the D. a; an 7. Is there _ in todays newspaper? A lot about the FIFA. But we cant watch the games _ the exams are over. A. something special; after B. special something;
40、 beforeC. special anything; when D. anything special; until8. I think it would be better if we have more _ in our school. I agree with you. Its necessary _ us to give advice to our headmaster about this. A. man teachers; for B. men teachers; of C. men teachers; for D. man teachers; of9. Do you know
41、the 10th China International Cultural Industry Fair (文博会) _ last month? Yes. It attracted _ people around the world.A. held; millions B. held; million of C. is held; million of D. was held; millions of10. What a pity! Mum doesnt let me _ in the river on my own. Shes right. Children should learn to p
42、rotect _ from all kinds of dangers. 7A. to swim; ourselves B. to swim; yourselves C. swim; themselves D. swimming; them11. Candy is the first in the exam again. I think she is _ student in our class. So she is. And she always does her homework very _. A. the most hard-working; careful B. most hard-w
43、orking; most carefullyC. more hard-working; more carefully D. the most hard-working; carefully 12. Peter, lets watch the new movie X-Men on TV, _? Id love to, but my parents dont allow me to watch TV _ on weekends. A. shall we; except B. will you; besides C. shant we; except for D. wont you; beside1
44、3. A Bite of China is _ a popular TV program that everyone talks about it these days. Yes. It shows Chinas many kinds of delicious foods and _ colourful food culture.A. too; its B. such; its C. so; it D. very; its14. Listen! Katherine is playing the violin in the music room. It _ be Katherine. She _
45、 Shanghai for a violin contest.A. cant; has gone to B. mustnt; has been to C. neednt; has been in D. wont; has left for15. _ did Becky keep on hiking in the 14th Shenzhen 100 Kilometres? For five hours. But she _ at last because she was too tired.A. How soon; put it up B. How long; gave it up C. How
46、 often; looked it up D. How far; gave up it16. _ amazing city Shenzhen is! It is clean, beautiful and modern. Thats true. We cant imagine that it _ be a small fishing village!A. How; was used to B. What; is used for C. What an; used to D. How an; uses to17. _ angry, Mum. I promise I will never be la
47、te for school again. OK. You _ use an alarm clock to wake you up in the morning.A. Be not; would like B. Not be; would rather C. Do be; ought to D. Dont be; had better18. Dear classmates, there _ a graduation ceremony next Tuesday afternoon. More importantly, Ma Huateng will give us a _ speech at the ceremony. A. is going to be; five-minute B. will be; five-minutesC. is going to have; five minutes D. will have; five-minute19. Toms teacher called me just now. She told me that our dear son often _ in class. He must stay up at night. We have to stop him _ the computer games.
