1、Unit 8 Knowledge and WisdomKey to the Exercises Text comprehensionI. Decide which of the following best states the authors argument. CII. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.1. F (Refer to Paragraph 2. The study of the composition of atoms, or the develop
2、ment of the atom bomb, for example, has placed in the hands of powerful lunatics the means to destroy the human race.) 2. T (Refer to Paragraph 2. This has become more difficult than it used to be owing to the extent and complexity of the specialized knowledge required of various kinds of technician
3、s.)3. T (Refer to Paragraph 3. Although he had a comprehensive knowledge of history, he was still partial as the chief lesson of history which he sought to inculcate was that from the year 400AD down to his own time Germany had been the most important nation and the standard-bearer of progress in th
4、e world.) 4. F (Refer to Paragraph 4. It is true that both Mr. A and Mr. B possess some vices of their respective kinds, but the fact does not prove that they are wise or unwise.) 5. F (Refer to paragraph 5. The mistake lies in the extremity of the statement. According to Russell, man cannot free hi
5、mself entirely from the physical and emotional need, so one can only grow in wisdom, which itself is a matter of degree.) III. Answer the following questions.1. Refer to Paragraph 2. A sense of proportion could be seen as the ability to take into full consideration all important factors in an issue
6、and attach due weight to each factor.2. Refer to Paragraphs 1 and 2. In the first place, they are examples of the idea raised at the very beginning of the text: “although our age far surpasses all previous ages in knowledge, there has been no correlative increase in wisdom.“ The problem, according t
7、o the essay, is partly due to the fact that it is now more difficult to acquire a sense of proportion, or the ability to assign appropriate weights to various factors, thus achieving balance. In consequence, breakthroughs in science are likely to bring about harms if humankind fails to see the end o
8、f science and consider everything in a comprehensive manner. 3. Refer to Paragraphs 1 to 4. According to Russell, the vices of the lack of wisdom are obvious and palpable, ranging from disturbance to public life, most notably the upset of world peace, to unpleasant incidents in private life. Meanwhi
9、le, there seems to be an imbalance in the growth of knowledge and wisdom, which is very likely to make things even worse. So, wisdom is necessary for both personal and cultural developments. 4. Refer to Paragraph 5. According to Russell, the essence of wisdom is impartiality, or emancipation from eg
10、oistic or temporal concerns. It is naturally difficult for man to attain impartiality, as man is naturally bound up by his own physical states from his birth. As he grows up, however, his horizon widens, his concerns get beyond the limits of time and space, and his feelings become more impersonal, h
11、ence the growth of impartiality and wisdom. 5. Apart from the fact that it is one of the ingredients of wisdom, impartiality is also the basis of rationality, for irrationality is normally based on partiality. IV. Explain in your own words the following sentences.1. It would be unwise to pursue a go
12、al that is bound to fail, although it might be noble to do so.2. I think the essence of wisdom is to get ones horizon free from the confinement of time and space. Structural analysis of the textParagraph 2: Of these I should put first a sense of proportion: the capacity to take account of all the im
13、portant factors in a problem and to attach to each its due weight.Paragraph 3: There must be, also, a certain awareness of the ends of human life.Paragraph 4: It is needed in the choice of ends to be pursued and in emancipation from personal prejudice.Paragraph 5: I think the essence of wisdom is em
14、ancipation, as far as possible, from the tyranny of the here and now.Four factors that constitute wisdom: comprehensiveness mixed with a sense of proportion; a full awareness of the goals of human life; avoidance of blindness and prejudice in private life; impartiality.Rhetorical features of the tex
15、tThe capacity to take account of all the important factors in a problem and to attach to each its due weight. (Paragraph 2)This has the entirely unintended result of making the food supply inadequate and lowering the standard of life in the most populous parts of the world. (Paragraph 2)Perhaps one
16、could stretch the comprehensiveness that constitutes wisdom to include not only intellect but also feeling. (Paragraph 3)It is not only in public ways, but in private life equally, that wisdom is needed. (Paragraph 4)Vocabulary exercisesI. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own wor
17、ds.1. consider (when judging a situation)/take into consideration, give proper value to each/attach adequate importance to each2. Certainly/Very probably, brought a good and helpful effect to mankind, in reality/in actual situations3. talk (disapprovingly) about something less worthy or less importa
18、nt, destroy or ruin each other4. connected with/dependent on5. accordinglyII. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word taken from the box in its appropriate form. 1. pursue 2. ceased3. attainable 4. enmity5. populous 6. surpassed7. impartial 8. appallinglyIII. Fill in the blanks with the appro
19、priate forms of the given words. 1. beneficiaries 2. undesirable3. horizontally 4. descendants5. increasingly 6. philosophical7. unduly 8. standardizationIV. Fill in the blank(s) in each sentence with an appropriate phrasal verb or collocation taken from the text. 1. required of 2. sought to3. desce
20、nded to4. put first 5. contributed to6. engage in7. conferred 8. upon 9. bound up with V. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used. 1. Antonym: following (subsequent, succeeding)2. Synonym: enhance (advance)3. Synonym: impressive (sensational)4. An
21、tonym: unawareness (ignorance, unconsciousness)5. Synonym: instill (indoctrinate)6. Antonym: confinement (restriction, restraint)7. Antonym: virtue8. Synonym: fairness (indifference, neutrality)VI. Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own words. 1. contracted2. keep quiet3. investigate4. tre
22、at5. go 6. lost consciousness7. tolerate8. get rid ofGrammar exercisesI. Identify the meanings of it in the following sentences.1. This is an emphatic it, introducing a cleft sentence.2. Here it is a pronoun, referring to wisdom.3. The first is an anticipatory it, serving as the formal subject. The
23、second and third are the pronoun referring to “an end.“ 4. This is an anticipatory it, functioning as the formal subject.5. This is an emphatic it, stressing “this approach towards impartiality.“ II. Insert it + be or there + be in the following sentences. 1. there was, there was2. There are, It is,
24、 there is3. it was/would be4. It is, There will be5. It is, it is 6. It is, it is 7. Is there, it is, there is8. There is, It will be, it is, it is, there will be9. It is, it is 10. It is, it is III. Rewrite the following sentences, beginning with It wherever possible. 1. It is no good getting annoy
25、ed. 2. It is illegal to drive a car without a license. 3. It was far from clear where the sound was coming from. 4. It is impossible to make a living from her painting. 5. ?6. It was a miracle that the little girl wasnt hurt in the accident. 7. ?8. It is obvious that you already know my secret. 9. I
26、t will be surprising if the two countries dont reach an agreement soon.10. It is an honor that Professor Lee is attending the conference. IV. Fill in the blanks with appropriate conjunctions.1. When2. lest3. Although4. not only . but also5. because6. Although7. While8. sinceV. Complete each sentence
27、 with what you think the most appropriate of the four choices given. 1. B (The first time is a marginal subordinator.)2. A3. C4. D (unless= if ?not)5. B6. A7. B8. DVI. Make sentences of your own after the sentences given below, keeping the italicized parts in your sentences.1. e.g. He is more like a
28、 companion than a tutor.She screamed, not loudly, more in surprise than in terror.2. e.g. She not only took me home but also came the next day to see if I had recovered.Shakespeare was not only a writer but also an actor.Translation exercisesI. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. 我们这个时
29、代在知识方面远远超越了以往所有时代，在智慧方面却没有相应的长进，这个说法大多数人都会同意。2. 但这会导致意想不到的结果：世界人口最为稠密的地区食物匮乏，生活水平下降。3. 知识面宽但情感狭隘的人绝非少见。4. 没有人能完全公正地看待世界；即便有这样的人，他也很难存活。II. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and phrases given in brackets.1. The result of the experiment far surpassed their expectations.2.
30、 We should take full account of the cost of the project and the difficulties we might encounter.3. The fair weather contributed to the success of the scientific expedition.4. Ronaldo, one of the football stars from Brazil, scored several spectacular goals in the 2002 FIFA World Cup.5. Many honorary
31、degrees from different colleges and universities in America were conferred upon Robert Frost for his remarkable contributions to poetry.6. Patience and perseverance are required in emancipation from bad habits.7. They tried to instill such new ideas into students minds.8. You should demonstrate impa
32、rtiality in your assessment of the employees.III. Translate the following passage into Chinese.罗素认为，智慧是由好几个要素构成的。一个有智慧的人具有全面的视野，他能够考虑一个问题的所有重要方面，分清轻重缓急。再者，一个有智慧的人知道生活的目的，追求不可能达到的目的是不明智的。罗素还指出，智慧还在于尽可能摆脱个人偏见。思想和情感的个人色彩越来越少，你的智慧便越来越多。Exercises for integrated skillsI. Dictation script.Science, especial
33、ly twentieth-century science, / has provided us with a glimpse of something / we never really knew before, / the revelation of human ignorance. / We have been used to the belief, / down one century after another, / that we more or less comprehend everything, / and that we have never lacked for expla
34、nations / of the world and its ways. / Now we are being brought up short, / and this has been the work of science. / We have a wilderness of mystery / to make our way through in the centuries ahead, / and we will need science for this / but not science alone. / We shall also need minds at work from
35、all sorts of brains / outside the fields of science, / most of all the brains of poets, of course, / but also those of artists, musicians, philosophers, historians, writers in general. II. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE word you think appropriate. (1) of (2) others (3) create (4) from(5) wisdom (6) benefit (7) without (8) All(9) made (10) avoid(11) one (12) turn
