1、实验 路由分析一实验拓扑图二实验要求分析 10.10.7.0 网段在各路由器上的路由由来。三实验分析（1） 在 RT7 上只有关于区域 4 的 LSA 信息，显示到 10.10.7.0 为 Stubnet,开销为 10。由于该网段为直连故显示为直连路由。（2） 在 RT3 上存在两个区域的 LSA 信息，在区域 4 内由于和 RT7 属于同一区域，所以有相同的 LSDB，显示 10.10.7.0 为 Stubnet 开销为 10，不过通告路由器为 RT7，所以还要找到 RT3 到 RT7 的开销为 50，所以路由开销为 50+10=60 下一跳指向 RT7进路由表。实际计算是 RT3 以自己为
2、根，然后向下计算，先跳到邻接的 LSA 然后通过邻接 LSA 得到目的网段开销。在区域 0 内也会有 2 条关于 10.10.7.0 的信息，一条是自己产生的 3 类 LSA 开销为 60，另一条是从 RT4 洪泛的关于该网段的 3 类汇总开销为 60，通告路由器是 RT4.（3） RT4 与 RT3 过程差不多就不多分析了。（4） RT1 在区域 0 内会收到 2 条关于目标网段的 LSA 信息，分别来自于 RT3，RT4 的三类汇总信息开销均为 60，只是通告路由器一个是 RT3 另一个是 RT4.然后 RT1 通过 1 类得到到 RT3 的开销为 50，到 RT4 的开销为 100， 通
3、过比较知道 RT1 到目的网段的开销为 50+60=110 下一跳指向 RT3 进路由表。注意这里为了分析过程有点不对。应该是各个区域都算出了自己到达自己区域内的路由和洪泛的 3 类路由进行叠加得出路由表中路由的。（5） RT1 与 RT2 分析过程差不多，只是路由下一跳指向 RT4（6） RT5 内有 3 条关于目的网段的 LSA 信息，其中 2 条是 RT3 与 RT4 洪泛的汇总信息还有 1 条是自己汇总的 3 类信息向区域 5 洪泛。首先 RT5 知道到 RT3 及 RT4 的开销分别为 100 及 101，然后加上 RT3 及 RT4 洪泛过来的 3 类开销均为 60，通过叠加得出到
4、目的网段的路由为 160，下一跳指向 RT3. RT5 还会自己产生一条关于目的网段的 3 类汇总信息开销为 160，通告路由器为自己。（7） RT6 分析与 RT5 类似，只是路由下一跳指向 RT4.（8） RT8 内有 2 条关于目的网段的 LSA 信息，分别是 RT5 与 RT6 洪泛来的 3 类汇总LSA 开销均为 160，通告路由器分别为 RT5,RT6 由于 RT8 通过 1 类知道到RT5,RT6 的开销均为 50，故会有 2 条路由信息进路由表，开销均为 210，下一跳分别指向 RT5,RT6四分析验证对于 RT7 的验证LS age: 95Options: (No TOS-c
5、apability, DC)LS Type: Router LinksLink State ID: 172.16.0.7Advertising Router: 172.16.0.7LS Seq Number: 8000000CChecksum: 0xF1B1Length: 96Number of Links: 6Link connected to: a Stub Network /末梢区域(Link ID) Network/subnet number: 10.10.7.0(Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.0Number of TOS metrics:
6、0TOS 0 Metrics: 10C 10.10.7.0 is directly connected, Ethernet3/0 /由于是 RT7 末梢故是直连对于 RT3 的验证LS age: 312Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)LS Type: Router LinksLink State ID: 172.16.0.3Advertising Router: 172.16.0.3 /以自己为根开始计算LS Seq Number: 80000005Checksum: 0x3A84Length: 48Area Border RouterNumber of Lin
7、ks: 2Link connected to: another Router (point-to-point) /发现 PTP，跳到关于对端的 LSA(注意依旧是在自己的 LSDB 中；(Link ID) Neighboring Router ID: 172.16.0.7(Link Data) Router Interface address: 172.16.33.1Number of TOS metrics: 0TOS 0 Metrics: 50Link connected to: a Stub Network(Link ID) Network/subnet number: 172.16.3
8、3.0(Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.252Number of TOS metrics: 0TOS 0 Metrics: 50LS age: 372Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)LS Type: Router LinksLink State ID: 172.16.0.7Advertising Router: 172.16.0.7LS Seq Number: 8000000CChecksum: 0xF1B1Length: 96Number of Links: 6Link connected to: a Stub Net
9、work / 末梢区域(Link ID) Network/subnet number: 10.10.7.0(Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.0Number of TOS metrics: 0TOS 0 Metrics: 10得出到 10.10.7.0 网段开销 50+10=60，下一跳 S0/210.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO 10.10.7.0 110/60 via 172.16.33.2, 00:11:45, Serial0/2在区域 0 内自己产生一条 3 类 LSA，还受到一条从 R4 来的 3 类 LS
10、ALS age: 455Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)LS Type: Summary Links(Network)Link State ID: 10.10.7.0 (summary Network Number)Advertising Router: 172.16.0.3LS Seq Number: 80000001Checksum: 0xF62FLength: 28Network Mask: /24TOS: 0 Metric: 60 LS age: 469Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)LS
11、Type: Summary Links(Network)Link State ID: 10.10.7.0 (summary Network Number)Advertising Router: 172.16.0.4LS Seq Number: 80000003Checksum: 0xEC36Length: 28Network Mask: /24TOS: 0 Metric: 60对于 RT4 的验证（同 R3 就不多复述了）LS age: 590Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)LS Type: Router LinksLink State ID: 172.16.0
12、.4Advertising Router: 172.16.0.4LS Seq Number: 80000005Checksum: 0xBAF9Length: 48Area Border RouterNumber of Links: 2Link connected to: another Router (point-to-point)(Link ID) Neighboring Router ID: 172.16.0.7(Link Data) Router Interface address: 172.16.33.5Number of TOS metrics: 0TOS 0 Metrics: 50
13、Link connected to: a Stub Network(Link ID) Network/subnet number: 172.16.33.4(Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.252Number of TOS metrics: 0TOS 0 Metrics: 50LS age: 584Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)LS Type: Router LinksLink State ID: 172.16.0.7Advertising Router: 172.16.0.7LS Seq Number: 8000000
14、CChecksum: 0xF1B1Length: 96Number of Links: 6Link connected to: a Stub Network(Link ID) Network/subnet number: 10.10.7.0(Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.0Number of TOS metrics: 0TOS 0 Metrics: 1010.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO 10.10.7.0 110/60 via 172.16.33.6, 00:13:37, Serial0/3同样产生一条 3 类
15、 LSA 收到一条 LSASummary Net Link States (Area 0)LS age: 787Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)LS Type: Summary Links(Network)Link State ID: 10.10.7.0 (summary Network Number)Advertising Router: 172.16.0.3LS Seq Number: 80000001Checksum: 0xF62FLength: 28Network Mask: /24TOS: 0 Metric: 60 LS age: 80
16、6Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)LS Type: Summary Links(Network)Link State ID: 10.10.7.0 (summary Network Number)Advertising Router: 172.16.0.4LS Seq Number: 80000003Checksum: 0xEC36Length: 28Network Mask: /24TOS: 0 Metric: 60对于 RT1 的验证LS age: 866Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)LS Type: Rout
17、er LinksLink State ID: 172.16.0.1Advertising Router: 172.16.0.1 /从自己出发LS Seq Number: 8000000AChecksum: 0x7315Length: 96Number of Links: 6Link connected to: another Router (point-to-point)(Link ID) Neighboring Router ID: 172.16.0.3 /跳到另一条 LSA(Link Data) Router Interface address: 172.16.1.17Number of
18、TOS metrics: 0TOS 0 Metrics: 50Link connected to: a Stub Network(Link ID) Network/subnet number: 172.16.1.16(Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.252Number of TOS metrics: 0TOS 0 Metrics: 50Summary Net Link States (Area 0)Routing Bit Set on this LSALS age: 1059Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward
19、)LS Type: Summary Links(Network)Link State ID: 10.10.7.0 (summary Network Number)Advertising Router: 172.16.0.3LS Seq Number: 80000001Checksum: 0xF62FLength: 28Network Mask: /24TOS: 0 Metric: 60 /原始开销路由开销=原始开销+ 区域内路由开销=60+50=11010.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO IA 10.10.7.0 110/110 via 172.16.1.1
20、8, 00:20:08, Serial0/0LS age: 1072Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)LS Type: Summary Links(Network)Link State ID: 10.10.7.0 (summary Network Number)Advertising Router: 172.16.0.4LS Seq Number: 80000003Checksum: 0xEC36Length: 28Network Mask: /24TOS: 0 Metric: 60同样这里会有从 R4 来的 3 类信息原始开销一样，但是区域内路由
21、开销 R1 到 R4 要比到R3 大，所以进不了路由表对于 RT2 的验证（与 R1 分析基本相同不在复述）LS age: 1264Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)LS Type: Router LinksLink State ID: 172.16.0.2Advertising Router: 172.16.0.2LS Seq Number: 8000000AChecksum: 0xBC9DLength: 96Number of Links: 6Link connected to: another Router (point-to-point)(Link ID)
22、 Neighboring Router ID: 172.16.0.4(Link Data) Router Interface address: 172.16.1.29Number of TOS metrics: 0TOS 0 Metrics: 50Link connected to: a Stub Network(Link ID) Network/subnet number: 172.16.1.28(Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.252Number of TOS metrics: 0TOS 0 Metrics: 50Routing Bit Set o
23、n this LSALS age: 1317Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)LS Type: Summary Links(Network)Link State ID: 10.10.7.0 (summary Network Number)Advertising Router: 172.16.0.4LS Seq Number: 80000003Checksum: 0xEC36Length: 28Network Mask: /24TOS: 0 Metric: 60 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO IA 10.1
24、0.7.0 110/110 via 172.16.1.30, 00:23:36, Serial0/0LS age: 1306Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)LS Type: Summary Links(Network)Link State ID: 10.10.7.0 (summary Network Number)Advertising Router: 172.16.0.3LS Seq Number: 80000001Checksum: 0xF62FLength: 28Network Mask: /24TOS: 0 Metric: 60 对于 R
25、T5 的验证LS age: 1828Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)LS Type: Router LinksLink State ID: 172.16.0.5Advertising Router: 172.16.0.5 /以自己为根计算LS Seq Number: 80000009Checksum: 0x2C17Length: 72Area Border RouterNumber of Links: 4Link connected to: another Router (point-to-point)(Link ID) Neighboring Router I
26、D: 172.16.0.1(Link Data) Router Interface address: 172.16.1.34Number of TOS metrics: 0TOS 0 Metrics: 50Link connected to: a Stub Network(Link ID) Network/subnet number: 172.16.1.32(Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.252Number of TOS metrics: 0TOS 0 Metrics: 50LS age: 1828Options: (No TOS-capabilit
27、y, DC)LS Type: Router LinksLink State ID: 172.16.0.1Advertising Router: 172.16.0.1LS Seq Number: 8000000AChecksum: 0x7315Length: 96Number of Links: 6Link connected to: another Router (point-to-point)(Link ID) Neighboring Router ID: 172.16.0.3(Link Data) Router Interface address: 172.16.1.17Number of
28、 TOS metrics: 0TOS 0 Metrics: 50Link connected to: a Stub Network(Link ID) Network/subnet number: 172.16.1.16(Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.252Number of TOS metrics: 0TOS 0 Metrics: 50以自己为根找到到 ABR(R3)的开销即区域内路由开销为 50+50=100，同理知道到 R4 的为101100 故不会进路由表Summary Net Link States (Area 0)Routing Bit S
29、et on this LSALS age: 12Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)LS Type: Summary Links(Network)Link State ID: 10.10.7.0 (summary Network Number)Advertising Router: 172.16.0.3LS Seq Number: 80000002Checksum: 0xF430Length: 28Network Mask: /24TOS: 0 Metric: 60 LS age: 65Options: (No TOS-capability, DC,
30、 Upward)LS Type: Summary Links(Network)Link State ID: 10.10.7.0 (summary Network Number)Advertising Router: 172.16.0.4LS Seq Number: 80000004Checksum: 0xEA37Length: 28Network Mask: /24TOS: 0 Metric: 6010.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO IA 10.10.7.0 110/160 via 172.16.1.33, 00:33:27, Serial0/2这里虽然有
31、 2 条 3 类 LSA 但通过矢量叠加计算，由于原始开销都为 60，而到 R3 的区域内路由小，所以下一跳指向 R3,开销为 100+60=160由于 R5 也是一台 ABR 故回产生 3 类 LSA,同时在区域 5 内会收到 R6 洪泛的 3 类 LSA 如下LS age: 47Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)LS Type: Summary Links(Network)Link State ID: 10.10.7.0 (summary Network Number)Advertising Router: 172.16.0.5LS Seq N
32、umber: 80000002Checksum: 0xD4E9Length: 28Network Mask: /24TOS: 0 Metric: 160 LS age: 147Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)LS Type: Summary Links(Network)Link State ID: 10.10.7.0 (summary Network Number)Advertising Router: 172.16.0.6LS Seq Number: 80000006Checksum: 0xC6F2Length: 28Network Mask:
33、 /24TOS: 0 Metric: 160对于 RT6 的验证（过程与 R5 类似不在解释）LS age: 246Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)LS Type: Router LinksLink State ID: 172.16.0.6Advertising Router: 172.16.0.6LS Seq Number: 8000000AChecksum: 0x32ALength: 72Area Border RouterNumber of Links: 4Link connected to: another Router (point-to-point)
34、(Link ID) Neighboring Router ID: 172.16.0.2(Link Data) Router Interface address: 172.16.1.42Number of TOS metrics: 0TOS 0 Metrics: 50Link connected to: a Stub Network(Link ID) Network/subnet number: 172.16.1.40(Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.252Number of TOS metrics: 0TOS 0 Metrics: 50LS age:
35、208Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)LS Type: Router LinksLink State ID: 172.16.0.2Advertising Router: 172.16.0.2LS Seq Number: 8000000BChecksum: 0xBA9ELength: 96Number of Links: 6Link connected to: another Router (point-to-point)(Link ID) Neighboring Router ID: 172.16.0.4(Link Data) Router Interface
36、address: 172.16.1.29Number of TOS metrics: 0TOS 0 Metrics: 50Link connected to: a Stub Network(Link ID) Network/subnet number: 172.16.1.28(Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.252Number of TOS metrics: 0TOS 0 Metrics: 50Summary Net Link States (Area 0)LS age: 212Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upwa
37、rd)LS Type: Summary Links(Network)Link State ID: 10.10.7.0 (summary Network Number)Advertising Router: 172.16.0.3LS Seq Number: 80000002Checksum: 0xF430Length: 28Network Mask: /24TOS: 0 Metric: 60 Routing Bit Set on this LSALS age: 264Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)LS Type: Summary Links(Ne
38、twork)Link State ID: 10.10.7.0 (summary Network Number)Advertising Router: 172.16.0.4LS Seq Number: 80000004Checksum: 0xEA37Length: 28Network Mask: /24TOS: 0 Metric: 6010.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO IA 10.10.7.0 110/160 via 172.16.1.41, 00:35:56, Serial0/2Summary Net Link States (Area 5)LS age
39、: 244Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)LS Type: Summary Links(Network)Link State ID: 10.10.7.0 (summary Network Number)Advertising Router: 172.16.0.5LS Seq Number: 80000002Checksum: 0xD4E9Length: 28Network Mask: /24TOS: 0 Metric: 160 LS age: 336Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)LS Type:
40、Summary Links(Network)Link State ID: 10.10.7.0 (summary Network Number)Advertising Router: 172.16.0.6LS Seq Number: 80000006Checksum: 0xC6F2Length: 28Network Mask: /24TOS: 0 Metric: 160对于 RT8 的验证LS age: 420Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)LS Type: Router LinksLink State ID: 172.16.0.8Advertising Rout
41、er: 172.16.0.8 /以自己为根，算出到整个区域的路由LS Seq Number: 8000000FChecksum: 0xAEFFLength: 84Number of Links: 5Link connected to: another Router (point-to-point)(Link ID) Neighboring Router ID: 172.16.0.6(Link Data) Router Interface address: 172.16.41.6Number of TOS metrics: 0TOS 0 Metrics: 50Link connected to:
42、 a Stub Network(Link ID) Network/subnet number: 172.16.41.4(Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.252Number of TOS metrics: 0TOS 0 Metrics: 50Link connected to: another Router (point-to-point)(Link ID) Neighboring Router ID: 172.16.0.5(Link Data) Router Interface address: 172.16.41.2Number of TOS met
43、rics: 0TOS 0 Metrics: 50Link connected to: a Stub Network(Link ID) Network/subnet number: 172.16.41.0(Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.252Number of TOS metrics: 0TOS 0 Metrics: 50得出到 R5 R6 的区域内开销都为 50Summary Net Link States (Area 5)Routing Bit Set on this LSALS age: 331Options: (No TOS-capabilit
44、y, DC, Upward)LS Type: Summary Links(Network)Link State ID: 10.10.7.0 (summary Network Number)Advertising Router: 172.16.0.5LS Seq Number: 80000002Checksum: 0xD4E9Length: 28Network Mask: /24TOS: 0 Metric: 160 Routing Bit Set on this LSALS age: 425Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)LS Type: Summ
45、ary Links(Network)Link State ID: 10.10.7.0 (summary Network Number)Advertising Router: 172.16.0.6LS Seq Number: 80000006Checksum: 0xC6F2Length: 28Network Mask: /24TOS: 0 Metric: 16010.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO IA 10.10.7.0 110/210 via 172.16.41.5, 00:37:42, Serial0/1110/210 via 172.16.41.1, 00:37:42, Serial0/0对 3 类开销的叠加，发现开销一样，所以负载均衡，2 条都进路由表五总结以前不知道 3 类的产生过程，因此很多时候分析都会有一点点疑惑，现在知道了 3 类的整个过程是通过先进行区域内路由计算然后将路由封装成 3 类 LSA 发送出去，其它区域再进行简单的矢量叠加从而得出路由，这样路由的分析就简单多了。在上面的分析过程中有的地方并没有直接按这种方法分析，那是因为要更好的解释整个过程。
