1、统计学介绍统计学以概率论为基础的方法论学科，它在几乎所有的领域里面都具有重要的应用，统计学知识理论就像我们日常使用的电脑一样必不可少，是现代高级人才必备一种素质，在现代社会中没有统计学知识的人就如同一“文盲”. 统计学在人类活动当中举足轻重. 统计学在工业、商业、贸易、物理学、化学、经济学、数学、生物学、植物学、心理学、天文学等等方面都扮演重要的角色, 因此统计学的应用非常广泛，几乎涵盖每一个领域，下面我们来具体看一下它能运用在哪些方面.1. 统计学将帮助您成为一位成功的商人. 成功的商人必须能够快速准确做出决策. 如果你知道客户需要什么，那么你就知道该生产什么，生产多少. 统计学将能帮助你制
2、定生产计划，同时也能帮助你有效地检验产品质量, 它能让你在关于企业地理位置、产品营销、金融资源等问题上做出正确的决定.1) Business:Statistics play an important role in business. A successful businessman must be very quick and accurate in decision making. He knows that what his customers wants, he should therefore, know what to produce and sell and in what qu
3、antities. Statistics helps businessman to plan production according to the taste of the costumers, the quality of the products can also be checked more efficiently by using statistical methods. So all the activities of the businessman based on statistical information. He can make correct decision ab
4、out the location of business, marketing of the products, financial resources etc2. 如果你想在经济学方面有所发展，那万万是离不开统计学的. 经济学在很大程度上依赖于统计学，国民收入帐户对于经济学家和管理者来说是具有多重目的性的指标，统计学是建立这些帐户的基础. 在经济学的研究中统计学方法被用来收集、分析数据，并作出检验假设. 统计学的方法可以用来研究供求关系，进出口，通货膨胀，人均收入等等问题的研究都离不开统计学.(2) In Economics:Statistics play an important role
5、 in economics. Economics largely depends upon statistics. National income accounts are multipurpose indicators for the economists and administrators. Statistical methods are used for preparation of these accounts. In economics research statistical methods are used for collecting and analysis the dat
6、a and testing hypothesis. The relationship between supply and demands is studies by statistical methods, the imports and exports, the inflation rate, the per capita income are the problems which require good knowledge of statistics. 3.如果您想在数学领域有所发展，请务必学好统计学. 统计学与数学密不可分，他们的很多东西都是互通的. 所以想要学好数学也得要学好统计学
7、.(3) In Mathematics:Statistical plays a central role in almost all natural and social sciences. The methods of natural sciences are most reliable but conclusions draw from them are only probable, because they are based on incomplete evidence. Statistical helps in describing these measurements more p
8、recisely. Statistics is branch of applied mathematics. The large number of statistical methods like probability averages, dispersions, estimation etc is used in mathematics and different techniques of pure mathematics like integration, differentiation and algebra are used in statistics. 4. 如果您将来想入银行
9、业，那么你就离不开统计学. 因为银行在很多的方面必须要用到统计学的方法.(4) In Banking:Statistics play an important role in banking. The banks make use of statistics for a number of purposes. The banks work on the principle that all the people who deposit their money with the banks do not withdraw it at the same time. The bank earns p
10、rofits out of these deposits by lending to others on interest. The bankers use statistical approaches based on probability to estimate the numbers of depositors and their claims for a certain day. 5. 如果您将来想成为一名管理人才，那么缺乏统计学知识是简直是不可想象的事情. 许多的国家政策的制定都基于统计数据，统计数据是被广泛用于管理决策.(5) In State Management (Admin
11、istration):Statistics is essential for a country. Different policies of the government are based on statistics. Statistical data are now widely used in taking all administrative decisions. Suppose if the government wants to revise the pay scales of employees in view of an increase in the living cost
12、, statistical methods will be used to determine the rise in the cost of living. Preparation of federal and provincial government budgets mainly depends upon statistics because it helps in estimating the expected expenditures and revenue from different sources. So statistics are the eyes of administr
13、ation of the state. 6. 统计学在会计和审计中运用相当广泛. 想学会计与审计的同学统计学知识是必不可少的.(6) In Accounting and Auditing:Accounting is impossible without exactness. But for decision making purpose, so much precision is not essential the decision may be taken on the basis of approximation, know as statistics. The correction of
14、 the values of current asserts is made on the basis of the purchasing power of money or the current value of it.In auditing sampling techniques are commonly used. An auditor determines the sample size of the book to be audited on the basis of error. 7. 统计学在几乎所有的自然科学和社会科学中都不可或缺. 统计方法被广泛用来分析实验结果，检验显著性
15、，比如生物、物理、化学等等.(7) In Natural and Social Sciences:Statistics plays a vital role in almost all the natural and social sciences. Statistical methods are commonly used for analyzing the experiments results, testing their significance in Biology, Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Meteorology, Research cha
16、mbers of commerce, Sociology, Business, Public Administration, Communication and Information Technology etc 8. 如果您有志成为天文学方面的人才，你得学好统计学才行.(8) In Astronomy:Astronomy is one of the oldest branch of statistical study, it deals with the measurement of distance, sizes, masses and densities of heavenly bod
17、ies by means of observations. During these measurements errors are unavoidable so most probable measurements are founded by using statistical methods.Example: This distance of moon from the earth is measured. Since old days the astronomers have been statistical methods like method of least squares f
18、or finding the movements of stars. 大学大多数学科将会涉及统计学（下面只是其中一些直接以统计为基础的学科，还有很多专业或学科也是跟统计学相关的）：Statistics is the mathematical science involving the collection, analysis and interpretation of data. A number of specialties have evolved to apply statistical theory and methods to various disciplines. Certain
19、 topics have “statistical“ in their name but relate to manipulations of probability distributions rather than to statistical analysis. （精算） Actuarial science is the discipline that applies mathematical and statistical methods to assess risk in the insurance and finance industries. （生物统计学）Biostatisti
20、cs is a branch of （生物）biology that studies biological phenomena and observations by means of statistical analysis, and includes （医学统计） medical statistics. （商业分析） Business analytics is a rapidly developing business process that applies statistical methods to data sets (often very large) to develop ne
21、w insights and understanding of business performance it can make use of statistical sampling of product items to aid decisions in process control or in accepting deliveries. （数理心理学） Quantitative psychology is the science of statistically explaining and changing mental processes and behaviors in huma
22、ns. （可靠性工程学） Reliability Engineering is the study of the ability of a system or component to perform its required functions under stated conditions for a specified period of time （统计金融） Statistical finance, an area of econophysics, is an empirical attempt to shift finance from its normative roots to
23、 a positivist framework using exemplars from statistical physics with an emphasis on emergent or collective properties of financial markets. （统计力学） Statistical mechanics is the application of probability theory, which includes mathematical tools for dealing with large populations, to the field of me
24、chanics, which is concerned with the motion of particles or objects when subjected to a force. （统计物理学） Statistical physics is one of the fundamental theories of physics, and uses methods of probability theory in solving physical problems. （统计热力学） Statistical thermodynamics is the study of the micros
25、copic behaviors of thermodynamic systems using probability theory and provides a molecular level interpretation of thermodynamic quantities such as work, heat, free energy, and entropy. 3 University of Washington 华盛顿大学5 Johns Hopkins University 约翰霍普金斯大学6 The University of Chicago 芝加哥大学9 Carnegie Mel
26、lon University 卡内基美隆大学10 Duke University 杜克大学12 North Carolina State University 北卡罗来纳州立大学12 Texas A&M University 德州 A&M 大学12 University of Michigan Ann Arbor 密西根大学-安娜堡分校12 University of Pennsylvania 宾夕法尼亚大学17 University of California Berkeley 加州大学伯克利分校17 University of Minnesota Twin Cities 明尼苏达大学 Tw
27、in Cities 分校20 Iowa State University 爱荷华州立大学20 Pennsylvania State University 宾夕法尼亚州立大学22 Columbia University 哥伦比亚大学22 Cornell University 康乃尔大学22 Purdue University,West Lafayette 普渡大学西拉法叶校区22 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校27 Ohio State University 俄亥俄州立大学27 University of
28、California Los Angeles 加州大学洛杉机分校27 University of Florida 佛罗里达大学27 University of Wisconsin Madison 威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校31 University of California Davis 加州大学戴维斯分校33 University of Illinois Urbana Champaign 伊利诺伊大学厄本那香槟分校33 The University of Iowa 爱荷华大学33 Yale University 耶鲁大学37 Rutgers University New Brunswick 罗格
29、斯大学新伯朗士威校区38 Emory University 埃默里大学38 Rice University 莱斯大学40 Colorado State University 科罗拉多州立大学40 Florida State University 佛罗里达州立大学40 University of Connecticut 康涅狄格大学40 The University of Iowa 爱荷华大学44 Michigan State University 密歇根州立大学45 BOSTON University 波士顿大学45 University of Pittsburgh 匹兹堡大学48 The George Washington University 乔治华盛顿大学48 Northwestern University 西北大学
