1、主语主语是一个句子中最重要、最核心的两个部分之一。一、单词作主语1主语通常由名词、代词、数词或名词化的形容词充当All efforts will be in vain if we cant learn English by practicing repeatedly.(名词作主语)如果我们不通过反复练习来学习英语，所有的努力将付之东流。2单词作主语时要注意谓语动词的单复数。(1)使用高级词汇(except ，besides，with，as well as，together with，along with 等) 连接主语。( 注意谓语动词一般与前面主语保持一致)The teacher with
2、his students is going to visit the museum.老师和他的学生们要去参观博物馆。(2)使用高级量词(quantity，amount 等)修饰主语。(注意谓语动词的单复数形式)练一练 翻译句子周六早晨，我和祖父母一起在网上查找列车时刻、北戴河的天气以及旅馆信息。( 北京书面表达)On_Saturday_morning，I_together_with/as_well _as/along_with_my_grandparents，searched_the _Internet_for_the_train_schedule， the_weather_in_Beidai
3、he，and_some_hotel_ information.募集了大量的善款来帮助那些遭受水灾的人们。A large quantity of money has_been_collected_to_help_those_suffering_from_the_floods.Large quantities of money have_been_collected_to_help_those_suffering_from_the_floods.二、动名词作主语1直接位于句首作主语In my opinion，cloning should be dealt with carefully.我认为应该慎
4、重对待克隆。句式升级 动名词作主语可以使句子更加简练、高级。Our school forbids us students to go out of the campus and we are strongly against it.Forbidding us students to go out of the campus has raised a storm of objections.练一练 We know of different cultures by learning English.Learning_English gives us an access to an explorat
5、ion of a variety of cultures.2用 it 作形式主语为了避免句子“ 头重脚轻”，较复杂的动名词短语作主语时，可用 it 作形式主语，把动名词短语置于句末。常用句型：Itbe 名词或形容词(good ，no good，no use，fun，pleasure，better，wonderful ，enjoyable ，interesting，foolish，difficult，useless)动名词It is no good learning without practice.学而不用无益。练一练 完成句子就我个人而言，劝他没用，他不会改变主意。As far as Im
6、concerned， its_no_use_persuading him，he wont change his mind.3动名词的复合结构作主语动名词有时可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格，构成动名词的复合结构，在句中作主语。Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.他们来帮忙对我们是一个很大的鼓舞。三、动词不定式作主语1直接位于句首作主语To have a positive attitude is wise when we are let down.当遭遇挫折时，怀有积极的态度是很明智的。2用 it 作形式主语有时为了避免头
7、重脚轻，常用 it 作形式主语，放在句首，将作主语的不定式放在句末。常用句型一：Itbe 形容词(interesting，important，hard ，difficult/impossible.)for sb. to do sth.“做某事对于某人来说 ”If they adjust their mind a little，it is not hard for them to find that life is just as promising as before.如果他们对于思路稍加调整，就不难发现生活和以前一样充满阳光。常用句型二：Itbe 形容词(good ，kind，nice ，c
8、lever, foolish，right，polite ，impolite ，rude ，brave ，stupid, silly，selfish.)of sb.to do sth.“能够做真是”Its rude of him not to invite you to attend the party.没有邀请你参加晚会，他很失礼。常用句型三：Itbe 名词(ones responsibility，ones honor，a hardship，a pleasure.) to do sth.“做是某人的责任/某人的荣幸 /一件艰苦的事情/一件快乐的事情”It is our responsibili
9、ty to learn advanced science and technology to build socialism.学习先进的科学技术来建设社会主义是我们的责任。常用句型四：It takes(sb.) 时间(金钱)to do sth.“做某事花费某人多少时间 (金钱)”It took us a whole day to get to the top of the mountain on foot.徒步到达山顶花了我们一整天。练一练 翻译句子我们不可能按时把这项工作完成。It_is_impossible_for_us_to_finish_the_work_on_time.你帮助我做这项
10、工作，真是太好了。Its_very_kind_of_you_to_help_me_with_the_work.在这里发言我很荣幸。Its_an_honor_to_make_a_speech_here.3疑问词(who，what ，which，when，where，whether，how)动词不定式作主语什么时候动身去上海还没有决定。When to leave for Shanghai has not been decided yet.点睛：动词原形不能作主语，可以用动名词或不定式。动名词作主语表示抽象的、泛指的动作，尤其是一般行为倾向；不定式作主语表示具体的动作。 当动名词短语或不定式短语很长
11、时，可用 it 作形式主语。Read as much as possible is necessary.()Reading as much as possible is necessary.()It is necessary to read as much as possible.()四、从句作主语主语从句从句作主语(即主语从句) ，这种句型属于高级句式，要注意把握句子的正确性；主语从句常使用 it 作形式主语。常用句型一：Itbe 形容词/名词词组/过去分词/ 现在分词主语从句It is uncertain whether he can come to Jennys birthday par
12、ty or not.还不能确定他是否会参加詹妮的生日聚会。常用句型二：It不及物动词(seem/appear/happen/occur to.)主语从句It happened that he was out when I got there.当我到那儿时，碰巧他不在。练一练 翻译句子人们通常认为足够的新鲜空气有助于保持健康。It_is_widely_believed_that_plenty_of_fresh_air_contributes_to_good_health.我突然想起做这项工作不是一个挑战而是一个机遇。It_occurred_to_me_that_it_was_not_a_chal
13、lenge_but_a_chance_to_do_such_a_job.基础巩固(写出下列句子的主语)1(2013安徽卷书面表达)These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon causing serious harm to life and the environment.breaking_traffic_rules_and_littering2His being late made his boss angry.his_being_late3To see is to believe.to_see4Jim an
14、d Tim work together to solve the problem.Jim_and_Tim5(2013湖南卷书面表达)What I care most is the wonderful memory of being together with you.what_I_care_most.能力提升1按要求翻译句子(1)不擅长和别人交流让我感到孤独。(用动名词作主语)Not_being_good_at_communicating_with_others_made_me_feel_lonely.(2)老师和朋友们给了我一些建议。(用名词作主语；together with)My_teac
15、her_together_with_my_friends_gave_me_some_advice.(3)了解同学们的好恶是基本的。(用不定式作主语；it 作形式主语)It_is_essential_to_learn_about_the_classmates_likes_and_dislikes.(4)积极参加在班级中举行的讨论是十分重要的。(用不定式作主语)To_take_an_active_part_in_the_discussions_held_in_the_class_is_important/of_great_importance.(5)耐心地倾听别人是件快乐的事情。(用动名词作主语；
16、it 作形式主语)It_is_a_pleasure_listening_to_other_people_patiently.(6)他们建议我只要有可能就应该学着去帮助别人。(用从句作主语；It was suggested that.)It was suggested that I should learn to help others when necessary.(7)随着时间的流逝，同学们正在开始更多地了解我。(用集合名词 class 作主语)With_time_going_on，the_class_are_beginning_to_know_me_better.(8)遵照他们的建议，我已
17、经取得了成功。(用代词作主语)I_have_made_it_by_following_their_advice.2选用以上句子组建短文介绍自己的人际关系变化参考范文Not being good at communicating with others made me feel lonely.My teacher together with my friends gave me some advice.To begin with，it is essential to learn about the classmates likes and dislikes.In addition，to take
18、 an active part in the discussions held in the class is important/of great importance.Whats more，it is a pleasure listening to other people patiently.Last but not least，it was suggested that I should learn to help others when necessary.As a result，with time going on，the class are beginning to know m
19、e better.I have made it by following their advice. 主谓一致导学案自主学习主谓一致现象常见的四种情况a,谓语动词只用单数的情况b,谓语动词用单数或复数均可的情况c,谓语动词只用复数的情况d,就近原则和就远原则情境诱思 are B. shows; are C. show; is D. shows; is25. Neither my wife no r I myself_ able to teach my daughter to sing English songs.A. has been B. is C. are D. am主谓一致练习题参考答案
20、(1)B (2). A (3). B (4). A (5).A (6).A (7).B (8). C (9) D (10). A (11).B (12).B (13).C (14). D (15).B (16).B (17).A (18).B (19).A (20) D (21).C (22). D (23). B (24).D (25). D1.Nobody but Jane _ the secret.A.know B.knows C.have known D.is known 2.All but one _ here just now.A.is B.was C.has been D.wer
21、e 3.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.A.is B.are C.am D.be 4.A library with five thousnd books _ to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.have offered C.are offered D.has offered 5.When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A.is not decided B.are not
22、decidedC.has not decided D.have not decided 6.The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A.were , was B.was , was C.was , were D.were , were 7._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth , is B.Two fifth , areC.Two fifths ,
23、 is D.Two fifths , are 8.This is one of the most interesting questions that _ asked.A.have B.has C.have been D.has been 9.Between then two rows of trees _ the teaching building.A.stand B.stands C.standing D.are10.All that can be done_.A.has been done B.has done C.have done D.were done11.They each _
24、a new dictionary.A.has B.have C.is D.are12.The singer and the dancer _ come to the meeting.A.has B.have C.are D.is13.I have finished a large part of the book ; the rest _more difficult.A.is B.are C.was D.were14.The wounded _ by the hospital.A.have been taken in C.has been taken inC.have taken in D.h
25、as taken inKEYS: 1-5 BDBAA 6-10 CCCBA 11-14 BBAA 1. Each of you _ responsible for the accident.a. am b. be c. is d. are2. Each man and woman _ the same rights.a. has b. have c. had d. is having3. Every means _ tried but without much result.a. has been b. have been c. are d. is4. There _ in this room
26、.a. are too much furniture b. is too many furnituresc. are too much furnitures d. is too much furniture5. The manager or his assistant _ planning to go.a. were b. are c. was d. be6. Not only I but also David and Iris _ fond of playing basketball.a. am b. is c. are d. was7. Neither Tom nor his parent
27、s _ at home.a. is b. are c. has d. was8. Either the dean or the principal _ the meeting.a. attends b. attend c. are attending d. have attended9. _ was wrong.a. Not the teacher but the students b. Both the students and the teacherc. Neither the teacher not the students d. Not the students but the tea
28、cher10. “_ twenty dollars a big sum to her?”“I suppose so.”a. Will be b. Is c. Are d. Were11. Three hours _ enough for us to finish the task.a. are b. has c. is d. were12. Most of his savings _ in the Xin Hua Bank.a. has been kept b. is being kept c. have kept d. have been kept13. All that can be do
29、ne _.a. has done b. has been done c. have done d. have been done14. One or perhaps more pages _.a. is missing b. has been missed c. are missing d. was missing15. More than one worker _ dismissed.a. have been b. are c. has been d. has16. Many a student _ the importance of learning a foreign language.
30、a. have realized b. has realize c. have been realized d. has been realized17. The gas works _ near the city.a. is b. are c. were d. be18. The surroundings of his house _ clean now.a. is b. are c. was d. were19. The committee _ over the problem among themselves for two hours.a. has argued b. has been
31、 arguing c. have argued d. have been arguing20. The public _ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims.a. is b. was c. are d. has been21. Cattle _ on the hillside.a. grazes b. is grazing c. was grazing d. were grazing22. Her politics _ neither conservative nor liberal.a. is b. are c.
32、 was d. has been23. Measles _ a kind of infectious illness.a. is b. are c. were d. have been24. The Philippines _ to the south-east of China.a. lies b. lie c. lay d. lays25. Mary is one of the girls who _ always on time.a. is b. am c. are d. was26. Tom is the only one of the stall members who _ to b
33、e promoted.a. is going b. are going c. has been going d. have been going27. What caused the accident _ on the road.a. were stone b. were stones c. was stone d. was stones28. Wisky and soda _ his favorite drink.a. is b. are c. were d. have been29. _ is to attend our evening.a. both the singer and the
34、 dancer b. Either the singer or dancersc. The singer or dancers d. The singer and dancer30. The Smiths _ their breakfast when the morning post came.a. had b. has been having c. are having d. were having 31. No one except two students _ the meeting.a. has been late for b. have been late for c. was la
35、te for d. were later for32. All but him and me _ to the exhibition.a. am going b. is going c. are going d. was going33. Interest, as well as prospects, _ important when one looks for a job.a. are b. were c. is d. was34. The president, accompanied by his assistants, _.a. have arrived b. are arriving
36、c. had arrived d. has arrived35. A number of cars _ in front of the parka. is parked b. was parked c. are parked d. has parked36. the number of articles published on smoking _ amazing.a. is b. are c. were d. have been37. The majority of doctors _ smoking is harmful to health.a. are believed b. had b
37、elieved c. has believed d. believe38. The majority of the damage _ easy to repair.a. is b. are c. were d. be39. Four-fifths of the crop _.a. are ruined b. was ruined c. were ruined d. have been ruined40. Three-fourths of the buildings _.a. was destroyed b. is destroyed c. were destroyed d. has been
38、destroyed41. Early to bed and early to rise _ a man healthy, happy and wise.a. making b. to make c. make d. makes42. Mathematics _ the language of science.a. is b. has been c. are d. have been43. The young _ the vital forces in our society.a. is b. has been c. are d. have been44. Every man, woman an
39、d child _ some history, enough at least, to survive in the world.a. knows b. know c. is known d. are known45. None of them _ my friends.a. is b. are c. was d. has been 46. Not only the whole nation, but the whole Europe , indeed the whole human society _ to alter its attitude to racial problems.a. n
40、eed b. needs c. has a need d. have a need47. Getting to other planets or to the moon _ many problems.a. involve b. involves c. involving d. to involve 48. In that country, the rich _ richer, the poor, poorer. a. become b. has become c. becomes d. is becoming49. The project requires more labor than _
41、 because it is extremely difficult.a. has been put in b. have been put in c. being put in d. to be put in 50. Not one in one hundred children exposed to the disease _ likely to develop it.a. should be b. must be c. is d. are 主谓一致练习题参考答案(1)B (2). A (3). B (4). A (5).A (6).A (7).B (8). C (9) D (10). A
42、 (11).B (12).B (13).C (14). D (15).B (16).B (17).A (18).B (19).A (20) D (21).C (22). D (23). B (24).D (25). D主谓一致练习答案1 C 11 C 21 D 31 C 41 D2 A 12 D 22 B 32 C 42 D3 A 13 B 23 A 33 C 43 C4 D 14 C 24 A 34 D 44 A5 C 15 C 25 C 35 C 45 B6 C 16 B 26 A 36 A 46 B7 B 17 A 27 D 37 D 47 B8 A 18 B 28 A 38 A 48
43、A9 D 19 D 29 D 39 B 49 A10 B 20 C 30 D 40 C 50 C教学后记通过复习，学生们巩固了对主谓一致这一语法知识点的理解。大多数的题目只要根据常见的四种情况的具体分析就可以解答。但是该语法点的两个特例，还要利用辅导课对学生进一步辅导，即 1.主语后面有 as well as，with，along with，together with，including， but，except，in addition to，rather than，like，instead of，plus，as much as，more than 等连词或介词连接的词语时，谓语动词的单复数与前面主语的单复数相一致。2.“one of复数名词”作先行词，后跟定语从句，如果 one 前有 the，the very，the only 等词限制修饰时，先行词为 one，否则，先行词为后面的复数名词。主谓一致有许多要牢记的规则， 这就要求学生要经常回顾，以免遗忘。
