1、1主谓一致的讲解主谓一致是指：1） 语法形式上要一致，即名词单复数形式与谓语要一致。2） 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致1.由 and 连接主语时And 连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时根据意义或概念确定谓语用单数或复数1)并列主语表示不同的人、物 或概念时谓语动词用复数Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students.Like many others, the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search
2、of gold.小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子Both rice and wheat are grown in this area.2)并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.那位教授兼作家正在会上发言A journalist and authour lives on the sixth floor.一位新闻记者兼作家His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe.他的律师
3、兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行The Premier and Foreign Minister was present at the state banquet.总理兼外长比较：the writer and the educator have visited our school.the writer and educator has visited our school.His lawyer and his former college friend were with him on his trip to Europe.注意：指同一个人或物时，并列主语前只用一个冠词，指不同的需要分别加冠词
4、，但两个名词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可A boy and girl are playing tennis.3)并列主语前有 each, every, many a , no 等修饰时谓语动词用单数Each doctor and (each) nurse working in the hospital was asked to help patients.Every man, woman and child is entitled to take part in the activity. 有权参加Every boy and (every) girl admires him for
5、 his fine sense of humour.Many a boy and (many a ) girl has made the same mistakeNo boy and no girl is there now.没有任何男孩和女孩在那里注意：many a 跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为很多Many a student was disappointed after seeing the movie.4)并列主语为不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up.关于保护环境
6、的法律法规已经起草完成。The knife and fork has been washed 刀叉已经被洗好War and peace is a constant theme in history战争与和平是历史永恒的主题注意;常被视为主体的结构A cup and saucer 一副杯碟A horse and cart 马车A knife and fork 一副刀叉2A law and rule 法规A needle and thread 一套针线Fish and chips 炸鱼加炸薯条The stars and stripes 星条旗2.由(either)or 或 neithernor 等
7、连接的主语时由 eitheror, neithernor, or, not onlybut(also)连接主语时，谓语动词 陈述句中就近原则 Either you or Jane is to be sent to New York.要么你要么简被派往纽约Neither you nor he has finished the experiment.Neither the teacher nor the students like this piece of music. 都不喜欢这首曲子Not only the old farmer but also his family were friend
8、ly to me.Not only his friends but also he himself is looking forward to taking part in the party.3.主语由肯定否定两部分构成谓语跟肯定部分走Not you but I am to answer the questionI, not you, am to answer the question.二、单一主语的主谓一致1.名词本身自带 s 作主语时1）学科名词: physics 物理 mathematics/maths 数学 economics 经济学 politics 政治学新闻; news体操：G
9、ymnasticsAs we know, Physics is a fundamental subject in science.物理是自然科学中的一门基础学科Mathematics is a required course for middle school students.数学是中学生的一门必修课Einstein once said ,“Politics is much more difficult than physics.”注意：当 mathematics 表示运算时 谓语动词用单数复数都可If my mathematics is/are right, the answer is 5
10、6.如果我的运算正确，答案就是 56The television news is at 7 oclock in the evening every dayGymnastics is my sisters favourite sport2)有些名词单复数同行根据是单数概念还是复数概念判断谓语 means 方式方法 aircraft 飞机 works 工厂 crossroads 十字路口 deer 鹿 sheep 羊 fish 鱼This works was build in 1982 这座工厂是By far, three steelworks have been closed down in t
11、his cityThis means of transport has been triedAll possible means have been tried3）由两部分组成的物体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数chopsticks 筷子 compasses 圆规glasses 眼镜 gloves 手套Jeans 牛仔裤 pants 裤子scissors 剪子 shoes 鞋子shorts 短裤 socks 短袜trousers 裤子My trousers are white and his clothes are black.我的裤子是白色的他的衣服是黑色的Why are your shoes
12、 so dirty?注意;如果这些词由单位词 （ a pair of , a suit of , a piece of , a kind of 等）修饰时，单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数A pair of scissors is lying in that drawer.These kinds of glasses are popular this summer.4)表示国家、人名、书名、组织机构等的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数The united States is a developed country3The New York Times is widely read in th
13、e world.5)以-s 结尾的群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等专有名词谓语动词用复数The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plants.植物种类繁多The Niagara Falls are splendid waterfalls.6)以-S 结尾的名词作主语时谓语动词用复数belongings 财产 clothes 衣服 plasticsearnings 收入 goods 货物leavings 剩余 savings 储存All the goods are very expensive.2.集体名词作主语时1）mankind, humanity,
14、man 作主语时，谓语一般用单数Only man knows how to cook. 只有人懂得烹饪2）people, police, cattle, youth 等作主语时，只有单数形式 , 但却表示复数意义谓语动词用复数The police are investigating the riot. 正在调查暴乱事件The cattle are grazing the the field 正在牧场吃草Many cattle were killed for this. 就因为这个原因宰了不少牲畜【注】people 作民族讲时有复数形式.如： There are 56 peoples in Ch
15、ina3）family, crowd 等作主语时，根据概念确定谓语动词这类集体名词有：Army， assembly 议会集会 audience band class club committee company congress 议会 youth crew 全体工作人员 crowd enemy family gang 团伙 government group herd 牧群 jury population public team 强调整体用单数谓语强调个体用复数谓语The family is going to move to New YorkThe family have different o
16、pinions about their going abroadThe football club committee arranges all the matchesThe football club committee have decided to dismiss him.比较：A family , a group , a class 做主语时用单数谓语Families, groups, classes 作主语时用复数谓语A group is coming to the zoo.一队人正朝着动物园走来4）baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), ), ma
17、chinery(机器), poetry(诗), scenery(风景), jewelry(珠宝), equipment(设备)等,是不可数名词,只用单数形式 ,不用不定冠词( 当然更不能用数词) Our clothing protects us from against the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒.Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有行李都托运了吗?【注】machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery 等相应的个体可数名词是 machine, poem, jewel, scene 等.如：a poem / a piec
18、e of poetry(一首诗),many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery(许多机器).5）hair 的用法hair(头发,毛发)指全部头发或毛发时,为集合名词( 不可数)；指几根头发或毛发时,为个体名词(可数) ：My hair has grown very long. 我的头发已长得很长了.The police found two hairs there. 警察在那儿找到了两根头发.46）fruit 的用法fruit(水果 )作为集合名词,它通常是不可数的：He doesnt eat much fruit. 他不大吃
19、水果.He is growing fruit in the country. 他在乡下种水果.但是,当要表示种类时,它可视为可数名词,即 a fruit 指一种水果,fruits 指多种水果.比较：Some fruits have thick skins. 有些水果皮很厚.3.非谓语动词或从句作主语时1）非谓语动词或从句作主语时谓语动词用单数To improve agricultural land needs a lot of money.改善耕地质量需要投入大量的资金To see is to believeSwimming is a good way to keep healthHow th
20、ey will solve the problem remains to be seenWhether she will come is not known2)多个非谓语动词作主语，表达一个概念谓语用单数，表达不同概念谓语用复数Going to be early and getting up early is good for your health.早睡早起一个概念Reading books and playing table tennis are my great pleasure.读书和打乒乓球Listening, speaking, reading and writing are al
21、l important.To be strict with oneself and to be kind to others are good qualities of a person三、其他情况的主谓一致1.表示距离、时间、长度、金额、质量等的复数名词作主语时常被看作是整体谓语动词用单数这类复数名词有：miles, dollars, pounds, kilograms 公斤千克, kilometres 公里, centimetres,厘米 millimetres 毫米, seconds, hours, years 等Five dollars seems a fair price 是一个公道
22、的价格Two kilometres is not very far for the young manFive hours is a short time for such a difficult job2.如果强调数目谓语动词用复数One hundred cents make a dollarMore than twenty years have passed since they got married.3.算数中的谓语动词一般用单数形式，有时也用复数Five times eight is/are fortyFour and eight makes/make twelveSixty min
23、us seven leaves fifty-threeForty-eight divided by six is eight4.复合不定代词作主语时谓语动词用单数Everyone something anybody nowhereEveryone in the class was surprised at the newsListen! Someone is knocking at the door.Is anyone going to tell him the news?5.each one of, every one of , anyone of, one of, 等作主语时谓语用单数Ea
24、ch of the girl in our class has a balloon 我们班每个女孩都有一个气球Each of the students was asked to speak for three minutes.Every one of them is familiar to me. 我对他们都很熟悉6.each , every 作形容词修饰主语时谓语动词用单数但是 each 作复数主语的同位语时谓语用复数Each/Every boy in our class has a skateboard 一副滑板5They each have a stateboardEach/Every
25、student has an English-Chinese dictionaryThe students each have an English-Chinese dictionary7.none of + 不可数名词 谓语用单数 none of, neither of, + 可数名词复数/复数代词 + 谓语动词单数复数都可 either of , None of that money in the desk is his 不可数名词None of his classmates knows the truth.= None of his classmates know the truthNe
26、ither of the statements is true = Neither of the statements are true 两种说法没有一个真实Either of the qualifications is acceptable = Either of the qualifications are acceptable8.neither 与 either 做形容词修饰单数名词时谓语动词用单数Either qualification is acceptable 两种资格中的任何一种都可以接受Neither qualification is acceptable9.分数百分数+ of
27、 + 名词，some of , plenty of, a lot of, lots of, most of, the rest of, all(of), half(of) 谓语常与 of 后面的名词一致分数/百分数 + of + 复数名词/ 复数代词 谓语动词用复数分数/百分数 + of + 单数名词/单数代词 谓语动词用单数不可数名词Two thirds of the students support the plan 复数名词One tenth of them are suffering from this kind of illness.复数代词Three fourths of the
28、surface of the earth is sea 单数名词Eighty percent of the employees in the company are from Beijing 百分数复数名词Thirty percent of its area is flooded each year.百分数单数名词The rest of the money belongs to you The rest of the students speak for it.Half of the apple is rottenHalf of the apples are rotten10.more() t
29、han one结构作主语时More()than one+ 单数名词 谓语用单数More + 复数名词 + than one 谓语用复数More than two + 复数名词 谓语用复数More than one white rose has bloomed in the gardenMore white roses than one have bloomed in the gardenMore than two white roses have bloomed 两个以上的的白玫瑰开了11.a number of + 复数名词 谓语用复数 许多的The number of + 名词 谓语动词用
30、单数 的数量A number of trees are green in AprilA great number of tourists have been to the Great WallA large number of worker were out of work because the factory was destroyed in flood.The number of students in the computer class is limited to ten.The number of workers who were out of work was 1,000.12.
31、there/here引导句子时就近原则6There are some chairs and a table in the roomThere is a table and some chairs in the roomHere are some gifts for youHere is a book, a pen and some paper for you.13.当主语后接修饰语时With, along with, together with, but, besides, except, like, including, in addition to, as well as, rather
32、than, 谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift 被作为礼物送给了这个国家The teacher, along with her students, is going to attend the lecture 听报告A peasant, together with some soldiers, is about to help us.All but one have arrived here.除了一个人外所有人都到了No one except two studen
33、ts was late for class.再没有其他人上课迟到The garage, in addition to the house, was burned.She as well as the other girls is going to another supermarked.You as well as I are wrong.The father, rather than the brother, is responsible.父亲而不是兄弟们应当负责14.The+ 形容词做主语时表示一类人用复数谓语表示抽象概念用单数谓语The injured were carried away
34、 on stretchers.用担架抬走了The old are more likely to catch cold than the youngThe rich are for the decision but the poor are against it.The young are always full of vitality 充满了活力The unknown is always something to be feared 未知的东西总是令人害怕The beautiful is not always the good, and the good is not always the t
35、rue.美未必是善 善未必是真The true is to be distinguished from the false 真应与假相区别The good is what people like 人们总是喜欢美好的东西In many stories, the good are well rewarded and the bad are punished.好人有好报坏人有怀抱15.all 做主语时指一切表示单数概念用单数谓语， 指具体人或物用复数谓语All has been tried 一切都试过了All were silent 大家都一言不发All was silent 万籁俱寂All are here now 大家都在16.由 a kind of, this kind of, many kinds of, 名词+of this kind, a type of a sort of 谓语动词根据 of 后面的名词来定A new type of machine is on show now.Machines of this kind are made in Wuhan
