1、2010 年高考英语难点 37 讲- 难点 25 依赖语境的词义猜测题2010 年高考英语难点 37 讲-难点 2 依赖语境的词义猜测题猜测词义题要求学生根据以往所学知识，对上下的理解及自身的生活经验等猜测生词意义或仅从字面无法确认其意义的短语的准确含义，是阅读理解题中的难点。 难点磁场1()ental health are in hina has draatiall iprved ver the last 10 ears,arding t expertsInreasing nubers f urban hinese are tda seeing unselling n a ide range
2、 f issues related t ental health“e reeive re than 120 visitrs a da right n20 per ent up ver that f 1998,”said Zhang Haiin,hief dtr ith the Shanghai ental Health entreTen ears ag,the entre reeived 70 t 80 visitrs a eeT adate the gring nuber f patients,the lini has had t extend its servie fr five das
3、t seven das a eest f the unselling fuses n prbles t d ith eduatin,eplent,fail life,relatinships as ell as ental distress,truble and insniahite-llar rers are the ar reipients f unselling,aunting fr 30 perent f ttal patients,said Zhang“The gring visits indiate hinese peple pa re attentin t their quali
4、t f lifeThe have a better understanding that ental health is as iprtant as phsial ell-being”hen Zhigang,an eplee f a freign-funded nsulting fir in Beiing,felt depressed and as enuraged b friends t see ental health unsellingThe dtr fund he as suffering as a result f rplae pressure and petitinAfter se
5、veral nths f treatent,he as ba t full health“ental health unselling helped redue pressure,”said henBut an peple are still relutant t use unselling serviesZhu hengi,a raila rer fr Shanghai,is unilling t see help“I ill nt g fr itIt is t ebarrassing fr e,”said Zhu“H an I tell lleagues and fail that I a
6、 seeing ental health unselling?The uld thin I as raz”Zhang said a la f infratin abut ental health are prevented the grn f servies in hinaHe said a standardized training sste as required t ae sure all ental health dtrs ere prperl trained“In estern untries,ental health unselling has a ide range f ethd
7、s fr nsultatin and treatente need t iprve ur training t upgrade ur servies”Questin:1The underlined rd “extend” in Paragraph 4 eans _Apa attentin t Bfeel lie dingenlarge and lengthen Dredue2()Prfessr Reasn reentl persuaded 3 peple t eep a diar f all their absent-inded atins fr t ees hen he ae t anals
8、e their ebarrassing errrs, he as surprised t find that nearl all f the fell int a fe grupsne f the en, fr instane, n leaving her huse fr r ne rning thre her pet dg er ear-rings and tried t fix a dg bisuit n her ar “The explanatin fr this is that the brain is lie a puter,” explains the prfessr “Peple
9、 prgrae theselves t d ertain ativities regularl It as the ans ust ever rning t thr her dg t bisuits and then put n her ear-rings But seh the atin gt reversed(颠倒) in the prgrae” Abut ne in tent f the inidents the vlunteers reprted ere these“Prgrae assebl failure”Tent per ent f all errrs ere “test fai
10、lures”priaril due t nt verifing the prgress f hat a bd as ding A an abut t get his ar ut f the garage passed thrugh the ba ard here his garden aet and bts ere ept, put the nuh t his surprise A an viti reprted: “I gt int the bath ith ss n”The nest prble as infratin “strage failures” Peple frgt the na
11、es f peple hse faes the ne, ent int a r and frgt h the ere there, islaid sething, r sed a igarette ithut realizing itThe researh s far suggests that hile the “entral pressr” f the brain is liberated fr send-t-send ntrl f a ell-pratised rutine, it ust repeatedl sith ba its attentin at iprtant deisin
12、pints t he that the atin ges n as intended therise the ativit a be “aptured” b anther frequentl and reentl used prgrae, resulting in ebarrassing errrsQuestins:2The rd “verifing” in Paragraph 3 an be replaed b _Aiprving Bhangingheing Dstpping3Arding t the passage, the infratin “strage failures” refer
13、 t _Athe destrutin f infratin lleting ssteBthe eliinatin f nes ttal erthe teprar lss f part f nes erDthe separatin f nes atin fr nsiusness3()ne f the greatest illers in the estern rld is heart disease The death rate (率) fr the disease has been inreasing at an alaring speed fr the past thirt ears Tda
14、 in Britain, fr exaple, abut fur hundred peple a da die f heart disease edial experts n that peple an redue their hanes f getting heart disease b exerising regularl, b nt sing, b hanging their diets, and b paing re attentin t reduing stress (压力) in their rHever, estern health-are sstes are still nt
15、paing enugh attentin t the preventin f the disease There is a need fr re prgras t eduate the publi abut the auses and preventin f heart disease Instead f supprting suh prgras, hever, the U S health-are sste is spending large sus f ne n the surgial (外科的) treatent f the disease after it develps This e
16、phasis (强调) n treatent learl has sething t d ith the tehnlgial advanes that have taen plae in the past ten t fifteen ears In this tie, dern tehnlg has enabled dtrs t develp ne surgial tehniques an peratins that ere nsidered ipssible r t ris (有风险的) a fe ears ag are n perfred ever da in US hspitals Th
17、e result has been a huge inrease in heart surgerAlthugh there is n dubt that heart surger an help a large nuber f peple, se peple pint ut that the ephasis n the surgial treatent f the disease has three lear disadvantages First, it attrats interest and ne aa fr the questin f preventin Send, it auses
18、the sts f general hspital are t rise After hspitals bu the expensive equipent that is neessar fr dern heart surger, the ust tr t rever the ne the have spent T d this, the raise sts fr all their patients, nt ust thse patients hse treatent requires the equipent The third disadvantage is that dtrs are
19、enuraged t perfr surger-even n patients fr h an peratin is unneessarbeause the equipent and expert sills are there A gvernent ffie reentl stated that ar heart surger as ften perfred even thugh its hanes f suess ere l In ne tpe f heart surger, fr exaple, nl 1 perent f patient iprved their nditins aft
20、er the surger Hever, re than 100 000 f these peratins are perfred in the United States ever ear Questin:4“T d this” (in Paragraph 3) eans _At help patients reverBt inrease the nuber f heart surgeriest get ba the ne spent n the equipentDt bu ne equipent fr the treatent f heart disease4()Se f the best
21、-nn naes in the entertainent industr have taen part in an unpreedented telethn t help vitis f the terrrist attas in the United StatesThe benefit (义演） ,alled“Aeria:a Tribute t Heres,”as spnsred b all fur ar US televisin netrs,AB,BS,FX and NBIt as bradast b three-dzen televisin,able and radi netrs ars
22、s the untr and aired live t re than a hundred untries arund the rldHlld stars ined usi entertainers in asing listeners and vieers t pledge ash dnatins t harities helping the vitis f the Septeber 11th attasAtrs,inluding T Hans,ulia Rberts,T ruise and lint Eastd,tld stries f heri ats b peple h tried t
23、 save thers fr the burning rld Trade enter and the PentagnFrer heaveight hapin uhaad Ali ade a rare publi appearane in a sh f supprtThe appeals alternated ith perfranes b suh ppular entertainers as Brue Springsteen,ariah are,Stevie nder,Paul Sin and the r band U2The appeared n stages in Ne r,Ls Ange
24、les and Lndn,derated ith hundreds f burning andlesSinger Bill el sang “Ne r State f ind”ith a Ne r it firefighters hat n his pianSting dediated his sng “Fragile”t a friend h died in the rld Trade enterStevie nder ndened hatres in the nae f religin befre singing his sng “Lves in Need f Lve Tda”Pledge
25、 phnes ere anned b dzens f ther elebrities,inluding a Nihlsn,eg Ran,hpie Gldberg,ind rafrd,Al Pain and Slvester Stallnerganizers sa the t-hur telethn raised illins f dllarsAll partiipants,fr stars t stagehands,red ithut paQuestin:The underlined rd “telethn” st prbabl eans _Aa perfrane t raise neBa n
26、ert held b se televisin netrsa televisin prgra hih lasts a lng tieDa televisin prgra fr entertainent 案例探究1A hilds birthda part desnt have t be a hassle;it an be a baset f fun,arding t Beth Analeri,an Evastn ther f t,ages 4 and 18 nths“Having a part at he usuall requires a lt f running arund n the pa
27、rt f the parents,and ften the birthda b r girl gets lst in ild exiteentBut it reall desnt have t be that a,”said AnaleriLast suer,Analeri and her friend ill arlisle,a Nrthbr ther f a 2-ear-ld,funded a he part-planning business alled “A Part in a Baset”Their gal is t help parents and hildren share in
28、 the fun part f part planning,lie hsing the subet r aing a ae,hile the tae are f everthingDraing n their experienes as thers,the have reated(制作) 10 read-t-use,he part paagesEverthing a fail needs t plan a part,exept the ae and ie rea,is delivered t the he in a large baset“ur parties are aied fr hild
29、ren 2 t 10,”Analeri said,“and there ver interative(互动) and reative in that the build a sense f draa based n a subetFr exaple,at the Sda Shppe part the guests bee aiters and aitresses and build nderful ie rea reatins”The standard 200 paage fr eight hildren inludes a baset filled ith invitatin,gifts,g
30、aes and prizes,paper gds,a part planner and the lieFr re infratin,all Analeri at 708-864-684 r arlisle at 708-20-9141Questin:hat des the underlined rd “hassle”(Paragraph 1) prbabl ean?Aa part designed b speialists Ba plan requiring areful thughta situatin ausing diffiult r truble Da deand ade b gues
31、ts命题意图：本题考查学生通过上下猜测词义的能力，实际上也是考查学生的推理判断能力。属五星级题目。错解分析：本题错解的原因主要是反义词领会不准确。解题方法与技巧：（1）通读全，抓大意，可知旨在推荐一种 he part-planning business，其目的在于帮助父母及孩子筹办家庭晚会，从而把此工作化麻烦为乐趣。 （2）仔细观察首段字， “desnt have t be a hassle”和“an be a baset f fun” 互为反义，故可以推出答案。答案：2LNDN(Reuters)rgani fruit,delivered right t the drstepThat is h
32、at Gabriel Gld prefers,and he is illing t pa fr itIf this is nt pssible,the 26-ear-ld puter tehniian ill spend the extra ne at the superaret t bu rgani fd“rgani prdue is alas better,”Gld said“The fd is free f pestiides(农药),and u are generall supprting fail fars instead f large farsAnd re ften than n
33、t it is lall(本地) grn and seasnal,s it is re tast”Gld is ne f a gring nuber f shppers buing int the rgani trend,and superarets arss Britain are unting n re lie hi as the gr their rgani fd businessBut h an shppers reall n hat the are getting,and h are the illing t pa a higher prie fr rgani prdue?aret
34、researh shs that Gld and thers h bu rgani fd an generall give lear reasn fr their preferenesbut their nledge f rgani fd is far fr pleteFr exaple,sall aunts f pestiides an be used n rgani prdutsAnd abut three quarters f rgani fd in Britain is nt lal but iprted(进口) t eet gring deand“The deand fr rgani
35、 fd is inreasing b abut ne third ever ear,s it is a ver fast-gring aret,” said Sue Fl,a speialist in this line f businessQuestin:hat is the eaning f “the rgani trend” as the rds are used in the text?Agring interest in rgani fd Bbetter qualit f rgani fdrising aret fr rgani fd Dhigher pries f rgani fd
36、命题意图：考查学生通过推理判断猜测词义的能力。属五星级题目。错解分析：本题错解的原因主要在于太孤立地看待相关语句，没能把上下串起。解题方法与技巧：（1）通读全，了解全大意：越越多的人热衷于有机食品。（2）联系上下。由第一段“That(即 rgani fruit) is hat Gabriel Gld prefers”,第二段 “rgani prdue is alas better,Gld said”可知 Gld 对 rgani fd深感兴趣，再根据“Gld is ne f a gring nuber f shppers buing int the rgani trend,and superar
37、ets arss Britain are unting n re lie hi”，可知 Gld是越越多的喜爱 rgani fd 的购物者中的一员，而且全英国的超级市场也正依赖（unt n）越越多的像他这样的人（赚钱） 。因此可得出答案。答案：A 锦囊妙计1 通读全，领会大意。2 对上下进行逻辑推理。3 利用同义词、反义词、近义词、构词法（派生、合成、转化）等推测词义。4 依靠自己的生活常识和社会经验进行判断。 歼灭难点训练AFr re than tent ears sientists have been searhing fr signs f life n ther planets st f
38、these searhes have been dne ver the radi The hpe is that sene in uter spae a be tring t get in tuh ith us Sientists als have sent radi and televisin essages n spaeships traveling thrugh spae,n the hane that sene a be reeptive t suh essagesSientists are using perful radi telespes t listen t signals f
39、r abut 1 000 stars,all ithin 100 light ears f EarthIn additin,the ill san(扫视） the entire s t “listen” fr radi essages fr re distant stars Using a puter, the ill be able t nitr re than eight hannels at ne tie Sientists are ling fr an signal that stands ut fr the bagrund nisef the 200 billin stars in
40、the il a galax（银河星系） , sientists find that five perent are lie ur sun Perhaps half f the have a planet lie Earth Suh a planet uld be a reasnable distane fr the star fr teperatures t be right fr the evlutin(进化） f life Based n the inhabitable(that an be lived in) planets in ur galax,st sientists agree
41、 that hanes are liel that ne r re f these planets supprt se lifeHever, an sientists nder hether intelligent(有智力的） life exists n ther planetsSe believe that tent ears f searhing ithut an intelligible essages shs that n ne is ut there The sa that the evlutin f intelligene parable t urs is unlielther s
42、ientists believe that ur searh hasnt been lng enugh t rule ut the pssibilit that intelligent life exists in ur galax Althugh ur sun fail is nl abut five billin ears ld, ur galax is abut 20 billin ears ld In that tie,se sientists thin it is liel that ivilizatin(明） uh re advaned than urs have develped
43、 Perhaps these ivilizatins send us n signals; perhaps e have nt regnized the signals the have sent us If e hpe t find intelligent life, these sientists believe that e have t eep ling1()The underlined rd “nitr” in the passage eans “_”Afind Bfllhe DfrBInternet shpping is a ne a f shpping u n lnger nee
44、d t al rund hundreds f shps ling fr the ites u need Nadas, u an shp fr ust abut anthing fr ur arhair All u need is a puter hih is lined t the Internet Shpping n the Internet is being inreasingl ppular In the United States, 0 per ent f failies have puters at he and alst ne third are lined t the Inter
45、net Aerians spent ver US 2 billin n Internet shpping in 1998 This figure is expeted t reah US 11 billin b the ear 2004Peple an shp fr a variet f prduts n the Internet Phsial prduts inlude things suh as bs, Ds, lthes and fd These tpes f prduts are the st n purhases(购入品 ) thrugh the Internet u an als
46、bu infratin prduts suh as n-line nes r agazine stries, r u an dnlad puter sftare thrugh the Internet Servies suh as bing airline tiets, reserving(预定） htels r renting ars are als available(可得到的) n the Internet u an als g shpping n the Internet fr entertainent servies and tae part in n-line gaes r e-a
47、il “hats”2()The phrase “phsial prduts” in the send paragraph eans things _Athat an be seen r felt Buseful fr health arethat help u eep fit Dnneted ith sprtsTERNANG，nre than 10 000 peple ere ade heless in Ternang hen the Sungai as verfled its bans esterda after six das f ntinuus heav rainFlding first
48、 appeared at id-afternn esterda alng the river bansPeple straggling higher grund ere ust in tie t get aa fr the destr f the fldst f the fld vitis had t leave their pssessins behindThe fld vitis are n hused in varius ae-shift relief enters in the nearb tn f Tulang“Everthing pssible is being dne t hel
49、p the unfrtunate peple”A gvernent spesan said,“In fat,ne,fd and lthing have begun t e in fr publi-spirited rganizatins and generus persns”Arding t latest reprts it is still raining heavil at TernangThe hle tn is expeted t be ttall vered b aterS far n asualt has been reprted3()The rd“asualt”in the last sentene eans_Athe huse that is being builtBthe ne that is given t the vitisthe persn illed r inured in an aidentDthe things lst in the fldDIf en are explited(剥削) ear after ear,the have nl theselves t blaeBeause the
