1、Technology Definition ProjectDraft 5May 1, 2005Brian SothMarket Intelligence, ItronBrian.SothI509-891-3092Matt SpaurMarketing Communications, ItronMatt.SpaurI509-891-39922Table of ContentsPreface .4Metering and Data Creation Terms .5Data Logging .6Net Metering7Pre-Paid Metering8Smart Metering 9Solid
2、-State Meters .10Meter Data Acquisition Terms 11Advanced Network 12Broadband Over Power Line (BPL) 13Fixed Network .14Head-End System 15Interval Data Collection.16Mesh Network .17Power Line Carrier (PLC) .18Real Time Data 19Remote Disconnect / Connect Virtual Disconnect / Connect20Two-Way Networks;
3、Two-Way Systems; Two-Way Communications .21Unlicensed Spectrum .22Mobile Workforce Management Terms 23Mobile Workforce Management24Meter Data Management Terms 25Meter Data Management .26Meter Data Applications Terms.27Leak Detection.28Load Forecasting .29Load Profiling30Outage Detection and Restorat
4、ion .31Demand Response and Load Management Terms 32Critical Peak Pricing / Real Time Pricing / Time Of Use (TOU) Pricing 33Demand Response .34Load Control35Price Response.36Delivery System Management Terms .37Compatible Units .38Design Optimization39Distributed Generation / Distributed Resources 40D
5、istribution Asset Optimization (DAO)41Gateway .42LMP (Locational Marginal Pricing) 43Performance Based Rates (PBR) .44Smart Grid .453Trans-Product Terms .46Open Standards47Open Systems 48Revenue Assurance49Appendix Terms We Cut 504PrefaceThis document seeks to define, for the marketplace and as a ma
6、rket leader, the meaning of certain technology terms. The purposes in doing so are: Reduce confusion for those in the marketplace who are less educated about these terms (includes Itron employees) Begin driving toward standardization of the terms so that competitors will have to discuss these issues
7、 on our ground Bring higher levels of credibility to Itron by defining terms even when Itron doesnt have the best solution in that space Reinforce our position as a market leader position Itron as the company for market actors to contact when a technology term is unclearBy defining these terms in a
8、credible, consistent, and authoritative manner, we hope to have several positive impacts. All Itron employees use the same definition for these terms. Consultants use these definitions. Customers and prospective customers use the definitions. Itron has credibility in these areas, even if our product
9、s are not the best fit.Audiences for this document include Itron employees Utility customers and prospective customers Regulators / legislators Consultants Partners CompetitorsMany people contributed to this document. We would like to thank Don Tebeau, Clare Reich, Berry Drijsen, Randy Kinsey, Wendy
10、 Lohkamp, Sharelynn Moore, Paul Nelsen, Matt Owens, Janet Penz, Lowell Rust, Greg Lancaster, Michael Kolar, Tim Wolf, and Randi Neilson.5Metering and Data Creation Terms6Data LoggingDefinitionCollecting water meter data at frequent time intervals in order to provide feedback on usage for billing dis
11、putes, water conservation efforts and leak detection. Most water utilities do not currently collect consumption data more frequently than monthly.RelevanceAs water becomes a scarcer resource and utilities strive for operational efficiencies, utilities are looking for features such as data logging to
12、 provide more detailed data about water consumption. Best FitData logging works best in situations where water utilities have the need to record frequent data in support of expanded customer service efforts or water conservation programs. Real WorldIncreasingly, utilities are inquiring about data lo
13、gging as leak detection becomes more important. Itron SolutionsItrons 900 MHz water ERT modules do not support data logging. Itrons 1430 MHz water endpoints do support data logging and allow for 840 intervals of scalable data. 200W and 200WP water endpoints support data logging and can be configured
14、 for 15 minute, 30 minute, 1 hour or standard bubble up interval of 4 hours. Related TermsInterval Data Collection, Meter Data Management7Net Metering DefinitionA net register calculates net metering power that has been used by subtracting power received from the customer from the power delivered to
15、 the customer. Net metering provides the technology to calculate this amount and calculate it as a net amount within the meter. This saves the utility from needing to record multiple billing values during the data collection process and performing calculations to determine the net value. RelevanceC&
16、I customers out of necessity, and residential customers out of environmental interest, are exploring the option of generating some of their own power through distributed generation. Technologies for distributed generation include solar, fuel cell, and bio-mass generation. To support distributed gene
17、ration, utilities are required to meter the credit for customer-generated power, as well as the debit for customer-consumed utility power. Best FitNet metering has been used for years at transmission interconnection points, large customer interconnection points, and large generation stations, to nam
18、e three uses. It is commonly used with a utilitys largest five to ten percent of customers. Net metering also applies to distributed generation, for those customers who have the ability, resources, and economic incentive to generate power on their own. Real WorldDistributed generation, and thus net
19、metering, has yet to achieve a significant level of penetration in the marketplace. Itron SolutionsItron electricity meters including the SENTINEL meter, the CENTRON (kWh only) and R300 meters support net metering. These products offer flexibility in the calculation of the billing data to include ca
20、lculation of the net value.Related TermsDistributed Generation8Pre-Paid MeteringDefinitionThe ability to credit a customers account or meter for pre-payment for energy. A fairly common approach is to have customers pre-purchase energy cards or vouchers, much like they would a pre-paid phone card, an
21、d their “Pre-paidenabled” meter would provide the interface and communications technology that enables them to redeem the card for energy on a pay-as-you-go basis. RelevanceUtilities exploring revenue assurance options are increasingly examining pre-paid metering. Pre-pay can help improve cash flows
22、. Pre-payment could also be required of customers with a history of late payment or missed payment. Best FitBarring a utilitys ability to offer significant discounts for pre-payment, the best fit for pre-paid meter remains accounts that have a history of late or no payment. Real WorldPre-payment fit
23、s best in areas of high customer turnover, historic revenue loss through nonpayment, and cultures where the theft of service is ingrained. Several deployments are in place in the US, but this application is not yet a significant growth area in North America. Pre-payment is common in Africa and South
24、 America.Itron SolutionsItron does not have a pre-paid metering application, but can provide tools to facilitate such an application. Related TermsRemote Disconnect / Connect, Revenue Assurance9Smart MeteringDefinitionA foundational technology that automatically collects frequent meter data to suppo
25、rt various applications beyond simply monthly billing. RelevanceAs energy policy influencers such as California and Ontario adopt programs known, at least colloquially, as “Smart Meter Initiatives,” it becomes important to understand what is meant by smart metering. This is particularly true as some
26、 metering and AMR manufacturers have labeled their products as “smart meters.”Best FitItron believes that smart metering encompasses more than a meters communications ability. Smart metering also includes systems that automate meter reading and provide a frequency and complexity of data that support
27、s applications beyond monthly customer billing. Some of those applications include forecasting, load management, outage management and restoration, and variable rate structures. By enabling these types of applications, smart metering provides benefits to both the provider and the consumer. This form
28、 of smart metering has existed in the marketplace since at least 1994. It has been most successful in serving the electrical needs of customers in urban and suburban areas, where the number and density of customers justifies the additional investment required to implement smart metering. However, sm
29、art metering has also benefited water and natural gas providers and consumers.Real WorldMany utilities large and small are using various automated meter reading (AMR) technologies to generate, gather and apply the type of frequent meter data promised by smart metering.Itron SolutionsItrons ERT, elec
30、tricity metering, automated meter reading products, and meter data management software all support smart metering. Related TermsMesh Networks, Solid State Meters, Two-Way Networks10Solid-State MetersDefinitionUtility meters that rely on solid-state circuitry, rather than mechanical and electromechan
31、ical technology, to generate metering data. RelevanceThe mechanical and electromechanical technology underlying todays utility metering is essentially 19th century technology. As meter populations age and utilities examine their ever-changing business environment, the financial and customer benefits
32、 of applying solid-state circuitry technology to metering become more appealing. Best FitSolid-state metering currently fits best with electricity metering. In metering gas, solid-state technology appears in equipment to compute temperature and pressure variances in reading gas volumes. For water pr
33、oviders, solid-state technology remains a newer development.Real WorldSolid-state metering for electricity is used around the world in a variety of settings with a variety of customers. The electricity marketplace has already transitioned from electromechanical to solid-state meters for more complex
34、 applications such as metering for commercial and industrial customers and transmission and distribution metering. Solid-state electricity metering at the residential level is only now beginning to gain some significant penetration. Itron SolutionsItron is a market leader in solid state singlephase
35、electricity metering, having shipped over 13 million units for a variety of different AMR and non-AMR metering applications. Itron CENTRON and SENTINEL solid-state meters lead the electricity metering market thanks to the advantages of solid-state architecture, reliability and low-cost manufacturing. These meters read more accurately, record lower levels of energy consumption, fight tampering, and communicate with various automatic meter reading technologies. Related TermsNet Metering, Smart Meters
