1、有中国特色的常用词汇A.AA 制 Dutch treatment； go Dutch艾滋病（获得性免疫缺损综合征） AIDS （Acquired Immune Defic iency Syndrome）爱丽舍宫 Elyse Palace安居工程 Housing Project for low-income families按成本要素计算的国民经济总值 GNP at factor cost按揭贷款 mortgage loan按劳分配 distribution according to ones performance暗恋 unrequited love； fall in love with so
2、meone secretly暗亏 hidden loss澳门大三巴牌坊 Ruins of St. Paul奥姆真理教 Japanese Aum Doomsday CultB.巴黎证券交易所 Paris Bourse把握大局 grasp the overall situation白马王子 Prince Charming白色行情表 white sheet白色农业 white agriculture （also called “white engineerin g agriculture” Itrefers to microbiological agriculture and biological
3、cell agriculture.）白手起家 starting from scratch白条 IOU note， IOU：债款、债务，由 I owe you 的读音缩略转义而来白雪公主 Snow White Princess摆架子 put on airs 摆谱儿 put on airs； show off； keep up appearances拜把兄弟 sworn brothers拜年 pay New Year call搬迁户 relocated families半拉子工程 uncompleted project棒球运动记者 scribe傍大款 （of a girl） find a suga
4、r daddy； be a mistress for a rich man； lean on a money bags包干到户 work contracted to households包干制 overall rationing system； scheme of payment partly in kind andpartly in cash包工包料 contract for labor and materials保持国民经济发展的良好势头 maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy保持国有股 keep the Sta
5、te -held shares保健食品 health-care food保理业务 factoring business保护性关税 protective tarif fs保税区 the low-tax， tariff-free zone； bonded area保证重点支出 ensure funding for priority areas保值储蓄 inflation-proof bank savings报国计划的实施 implementation of Dedicators Project 北欧投资银行 Nordic Investment Bank本本主义 bookishness本草纲目 Co
6、mpendium of Materia Medic a本垒打 circuit clout， four-master， round trip本命年 ones year of birth considered in relation to the 12 Terrestrial Branches奔小康 strive for a relatively comfortable life笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start.蹦极 bungee， bungee jumping避免“大而全”的重复建设 avoid duplicate （duplicate
7、d， overlapping） construction of “small and all inclusive projects”逼上梁山 be driven to drastic alternatives比较经济学 comparative economics比上不足，比下有余 worse off than some， better off than many； to fall shortof the best， but be better than the worst闭门羹 given cold-shoulder边际报酬 marginal return边缘科学 boundary scien
8、ce变相涨价 disguised inflation便携式电脑 portable compu ter； laptop； notebook computer标书 bidding documents表演赛 demonstration match 剥夺冠军 strip the gold medal of somebody博彩（业）lottery industry博士生 Ph.D candidate补缺选举 by-election补贴与反补贴措施 subsidies and countervailing measures布达拉宫 Potala Palace布雷顿森林体系 Bretton Woods s
9、ystem不败记录 clean record， spotless record不承诺放弃使用武器 not undertake to renounce the use of force不打不成交 No discord， no concord.不到长城非好汉 He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.不分上下的总统选举结果 the neck-and-neck presidential election result不见不散 Be there or be square.不可再生资源 non-renewable resource
10、s不良贷款 non-performing loan不夜城 sleepless city， ever-bright city不正之风 bad （harmful ） practice； unhealthy tendency不准打白条 No illegitimate promissory notes （IOUs）步行天桥 foot bridgeC. 擦边球 edge ball， touch ball擦网球 net ball采取高姿态 show magnanimity采取市场多元化战略 adopt the strategy of a multi-outlet market“菜篮子”工程 the “sh
11、opping basket project （progr am）参政、议政 participate in the management of State affairs沧海桑田 Seas change into mulberry fields and mulberry fields change intoseastime brings great changes to the world.What was once the sea has now changed into mulberry fieldsthe world ischanging all the time.仓储式超市 stockr
12、oom-style supermarket草根工业 grass root industry （refer s to village and township enterpriseswhich take root among farmers and grow like wold grass）层层转包和违法分保 multi-level contracting and illegal sub-contracting差额投票 differential voting差额选举 competitive election茶道 sado查房 make/go the rounds of the wards拆东墙补
13、西墙 rob Peter to pay Paul拆迁户 households or units relocated due to building demolition搀水股票 water-down stocks （ordinary stocks that can be bought by personsinside a stock company or a business at a cost lower that their face value） 禅 dhyana产粮大省 granary province产量比 1997 年增加了 2 倍 the output has increased
14、 3 times （registered a 3-foldincrease； increased 200%）compa red with 1997产品结构 product mix产权明晰、权责明确、政企分开、科学管理 clearly established ownership， welldefin ed power and responsibility， separation of enterprise fromadmin istration， and scientific management产权制度、产权关系 property relations； property order产销直接挂钩
15、 directly link production with marketing产业的升级换代 upgrading of industies产业结构升级 upgrading of an industrial structure长二捆 LM-2E长江三角洲 Yangtze River delta长期共存、互相监督、肝胆相照、荣辱与共 long-term coexistence， mutualsupervision， sincere treatment with each other and the sharing of weal orwoe长线产品 product in excessive su
16、pply厂长经理负责制 the factory director （manager） responsibility system畅通工程 “Smooth Traffic Project”畅销产品 marketable products； products with good market commodities inshort supply goods in great demand. 唱高调 mouth high-sounding words超高速巨型计算机 giant ultra-high-speed computer超前消费 overconsuming， excessive consum
17、ption彻头彻尾的反动政治势力 an out and out reactionary political force城市规划 citys landscaping plan； urban planning城市中年雅皮士 muppie （一批中年专业人士，附庸风雅，矫揉造作 cutesification，崇尚竟品至上 boutiqueification，攀比银行存款 bankification 等摆阔作风，由middle-aged urban yuppie 缩合而成）城乡信用社 credit corroborative in both urban and rural areas吃大锅饭 egal
18、itarian practice of “everybody eating from the same big pot”吃皇粮 receive salaries， subsidies， or other supported from the government重复建设 building redundant project； duplication of similar projects抽杀成功 hit through筹备委员会 preparatory committee出风头 show off；in the limelight出口创汇能力 capacity to earn foreign e
19、xchange through exports出口加工区 export proce ssing zones出口退税制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods； export （tax ）rebate出口退税 refunding export taxes出口转内销 domestic sales of commodities orginally produced for exports出家 pravrajana； cloister 传销 multi level marketing窗口行业 various service trades创建卫生
20、城市：build a nationally advanced clean city创汇产品 foreign exchange （hard-curre ncy） earning experts创业园 high-tech business incubator； pioneer park吹风会 （advanced） briefing春蕾计划 Spring Buds Program春运 （passenger ） transport during the Spring Festival春秋 Spring and Autumn Annals磁悬浮列车 Maglev train （magne tically
21、 levitated train）， magnetic suspensiontrain刺激内需 stimulate domestic demand辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new； ring out the oldyear and ring in the new此地无银三百两 A guilty person gives himself away by consciously protestinghis innoc ence.从粗放经济转变为集约经济 shift from extensive economy to intensiv
22、e economy粗放式管理 extensive management促进全球经济一体化 foster integration with the global economy促进富余人员合理流动 promote a rational flow of surplus personnel促进住房商品化 promote the commercialization of housing 存款保证金 guaranty money for depos its D.大包干 all-round responsibility system； lump-sum appropriations operation达到
23、或接近国际先进水平 reach or approach advanced international standards打破地区封锁和行业垄断 break regional blockades and trade monopolies呆帐与坏帐 stagnant debts and bad debts non performing funds道琼斯工业平均指数飙升至 9580 点 the Dow Jones industrial index averagesoared to 9580 points当日指数已1120 点收盘 the index closed finished ended at
24、120 on that day第三产业 third/tertiary industry， service sector， third sequence ofenterprises第四产业 quaternary/information industry第一/第二/第三产业 the primary/secondary/tertiary industry （the servicesecto r）“豆腐渣”工程 a jerry-built project东亚金融危机 the southeast Asian Financial crisis （turmoil）毒品走私 drug trafficking对
25、大中型国营企业进行公司制改革 to corporatize large and medium-sized State-owned （state -owned， state） enterprisesE. 厄尔尼诺 El Nino恶性肿瘤 malignant tumor恶性循环 vicious circle遏制通货膨胀 curb （check， curtail） the inflationF.法轮功 Falun Gong Cult发行股票、债券 issue shares and bonds发扬优良传统 carry forward the fine traditions发优惠券以促销 issue d
26、iscount shopping coupons to promote sales发展文学艺术、新闻出版、广播影视 develop literature， the arts， the press，publications， radio， film and television； promote literature and art， thepress and publishing， radio， film and television发展新兴产业和高技术产业 develop rising and high-tech industries发展畜牧业、养殖业、林业 develop animal h
27、usbandry （lives tock farming），aquac ulture and forestry反对铺张浪费 oppose/combat extravagance and waste反倾销 anti-dumping防暴警察 riot police防止经济过热 prevent an overheated economy （overheating of the econo my）防止国有资产流失 prevent the loss （devaluation） of State assets防止泡沫经济 avoid a bubble economy too many bubbles in
28、 economy）分流下岗人员争取再就业 redirect laid-off workers for reemployment扶贫、脱贫 poverty reduction and elimination妇幼保健 maternity and child careG. 改革开放和现代化建设的总设计师 the chief architect of Chinas reform，opening and modernizat ion drive改进产业结构和产品结构 improve the industrial pattern and product mix该公司股票已经上市 the stock of
29、the company have been listed （have gonepublic， have been launched）赶上或超过国际先进水平 catch up with or even surpass advanced world levels高举邓小平理论的伟大旗帜 hold high the greater banner of Deng xiaopingTheory各族人民 people of all nationalities （all ethnic groups）个体户 self-employed households /people个人所得税 individual in
30、come tax个体工商业者 individual industrialists and businessman公务员 public servants； civil servants； government functionaries；gover nment employees股份合作制 the joint stock cooperative system股份制 the joint stock system股票热降温了 the stock craze has abated股市指数 the stock market （exchange） index股市指数突破 1300点大关 the stock
31、 index broke the 1300-poit mark股指暴跌，跌幅 7.8%，以 14.3 元探底 the index slumped 7.8 percent to 14.3 Yuan鼓励兼并，规范破产 encourage mergers and standardize bankruptcy procedures规模经济，减轻就业压力 to ease the pressure of employment （the employment press ure）国防科技 defence-related science and technology国际大都市 cosmopolis国家指定考试
32、 government-mandated test国家主席/总理/副总理/国务委员/ 部长/省长/ 厅、局长/县长/处长/科长/ 乡长/村民委员会主任 president/premier/vice premier/statecouncilor/minister/gover nor/bureau director/county magistrate， countyhead/department head/ section chief/ head of the township/ chairman of thevilla ge committee国家公务员制度 the system of publ
33、ic services国内生产总值/国民生产总 值 GDP （Gross Domes tic Product）/ GNP （Gross NationalProduct ）国事访问 a state visit恒生指数（香港）宽幅震荡 the Heng Sheng index fluctuated violently获薄利 earn （make） narrow profits获厚利 earn （make， reap） substantial profitsH. 海市蜃楼，镜花水月， 无稽之谈 a mares nest海湾战争综合症 the complexities of the Gulf War函
34、授大学 correspondence university旱地滑雪场 mock skiing park汉字处理软件 Chinese character processing software航母 aircraft carrier豪赌 unrestrained gambling好事不出门，恶事传千里 Good news never goes beyond the gate， while bad newsspread far and wide.好出风头的运动员 exhibitionist， grandstander好莱坞大片 Hollywood blockbuster“好球” “Strike”和服
35、 Kimono合理引导消费 guide rational consumption合议庭 collegiate bench核销 cancel after verification黑店 gangster inn黑客 hacker黑社会 Mafia-style organizations； gangland宏观调控 macro-control红包 （中）red paper containing money as a gift， （贬） bribe， kickback红楼梦A Dream in Red Mansions （The Story of the Stone） 红帽子企业 red cap en
36、terprise （refers to the reputation a privateenterprise enjoys by becoming attached to a government department and doingbusiness in the name of a state-run or collective-run enterprise）红细胞生成素 Erythropoietin （EPO）环太平洋地区 Pacific Rim后防空虚 leave the defense exposed后台管理 back-stage management呼啦圈 hu la hoop胡
37、子工程 long-drawn-out project （a proje ct which takes so long that youngworke rs become bearded）虎父无犬子 A wise goose never lays a tame egg.互动广告 interactive advertisement户口簿 residence booklet户口管理制度 domicile system， residence registration system户主 head of a household护身法宝 amulet华表 ornamental column/cloud pi
38、llar/stele华盖 canopy滑板车 scooter“坏球” “Ball”还俗 resume secular life， unfrock“黄、赌、毒” pornography， gambling and drug abuse and trafficking 黄金时段 prime time（吃）“皇粮” public grainfunds， goods， etc provided by the government； salarypaid by the state挥棒 swing挥棒不中 fan灰色收入 income from moonlighting汇丰银行 Hong Kong and
39、 Shang Hai Banking Corporation婚介所 matrimonial agency婚外恋 extramarital love活到老，学到老 One is never too old to learn.火炬计划 Torch Program （a plan to develop new and high technology）货币化 monetization货币回笼 withdrawal of currency from circulation货到付款 cash on deliveryJ.基础设施工程第一期 the first phase of the infrastruct
40、ure project积压产品 overstocked commodities （inventories）缉毒队 narcotics squad计划生育 family planning （birth control ）积极培育新的经济增长点 actively cultivate new points of economic growth技术/劳动/资本/知识密集型产业 technology-intensive/labor-intensive/capital-经济法制化 to manage economic affairs according to law；to put economic ope
41、ration on a legal basis经济技术开发区 an economic and technological development zone经济市场化/私有化 the mercerization/privatization of the economy经济特区 a special economic zone经济体制改革 economic restructuring经济萎缩/起飞/兴旺 an economic depression （slump， recession）/an economictakeoff/an economic boom经济转轨 switch to a marke
42、t economy精简各级政府机构 streamline government departments at all levels精品 competitive products竞争意识 competitive spirit九届二次全国人民代表大会 the second session of the 9th National PeoplesCongress就业前和在职培训 pre-employment and on-the-job （ in-service） training纠正行业不正之风 rectify malpractice in various trades军嫂 military spo
43、useK.科技是第一生产力 Science and technology constitute the primary productiveforce.科教兴国战略 the strategy of revitalizing （invigorating） China throughscien ce and education克隆 clone 扣除通货膨胀因素后的人均实际年收入 the annual per-captia income in realterms （allowing for inflation ）跨国公司 transnational corporation （transactiona
44、l， multinationalcorpo ration ，multinational）扩大/缩小地区发展差距 widen/narrow the gap/disparity betweenregio ns/localities in terms of developmentL.劳务输出 export of labor services劳务招聘会 a labor fair； a job fair联防 community/team policing连续五年丰收 bumper harvests for five consecutive years （for five years inrow for
45、five years running for five years on end for the fifthconse cutive year）练摊 to be a vendor （do business ）乱收费、乱集资、乱摊派的现象依然很严重 Arbitrary collection of charges，abuse of fund-raising and unchecked apportionment （arbitrary quotas） arestill rampa nt.M.盲流和倒流人员 jobless migrants from rural areas to cities，inf
46、lux from the countryside美圆对日圆全面升值 the system of pegging the currency to the US dollar名牌产品 famous-brand products ，brand named product 民族问题 the ethnic minority issue母公司/子公司/分公司/办事处 the parentcompany /subsi diary/branch/branch/representative officeN.耐用消费品 consumer durables内耗 in-fighting农副业产品 agricultur
47、al （farm） and sideline products农村/城市信用合作社 rural/urban credit cooperatives牛市/熊市 a bull/bear marketO.欧元 EuroP.派出所 local police station跑龙套 utility man， play a bit role， general handyman泡沫经济 bubble economy配股 allotment of shares配套政策 supporting policies培养跨世纪人才 bring up （foster） cross-century （ trans-centu
48、ry） specialists棚户 shacks； family that live in shacks碰钉子 get snubbed碰头会 brief meeting （ A brief， small-scale， informal meeting with no fixedagenda， the main purpose of which is to exchange information.） 疲软股票 soft stock皮包公司 bogus company啤酒肚 beer belly票贩子 scalper， ticket tout票房 box office骗汇、逃汇、套汇 obtai
49、n foreign currency and false pretenses， not turn overforeign curre ncy owed to the government and illegal arbitrage拼图 jigsaw贫富悬殊 polarization of rich and poor贫铀弹 depleted uranium bomb平均主义 equalitarianism平面设计师 graphic designer评头论足 nit-pick瓶颈制约 “bottleneck”restrictions扑网（体） rush-up， rushing普选制 general election systemQ.妻管严丈夫 hen-pecked husband取消“大锅饭” give up the practice of “eating from the same big pot”aboli sh egalitarianism取消福利分房 abolish the welfare-oriented distribution （allocation ） ofpublic housing 全球变暖 global warming全面投产开工 go into （enter ） full operation； be full opera
