1、第 1 页 共 10 页首字母填空解题技巧及高频单词首字母填空是阅读体中的一个重点和难点，但是只要掌握良好的解题技巧，静下心来认真对待，细心捉摸就一定能攻克这一堡垒。在做这道题是一般应该把握好如下步骤：1、通读全文，理解短文大意，判断需填选项的词性，同时将一眼能够得出的答案迅速填上。2、在理解作者的写作意图上进行换位思考，把自己想象成作者去努力使文章完整、通顺。对于一下子拿不定主意的空项要及时跳过，而不能在上面纠缠，因为往往后面的内容会给予更好的提示。3、进一步阅读全文，力求整篇文章完整通顺，且符合情理，否则宁缺勿乱。4、检查每一个答案的正确性，包括名词的数、动词的时态、形容词和副词的准确运用
2、等等。填连词连词是用来连接一个从句的，在分析确定填连词后，翻译一下上下句，连词就可以确定了。常考的连词有 b 开头的 but，because，before；u 开头的 until 和unless；wh-的宾语从句的连接词；以及 although，though，so 等。中考真题练习【例 1】 A month later, Christopher hadnt heard from Jeff or received any money, s_ he phoned him.（ 2004 年中考）【分析】 he phoned him 是一个句子，前面又是个逗号，确定其为前句的第 2 页 共 10 页从
3、句，翻译一下句意就知道两句是因果关系：Christopher 没有收到 Jeff 的来信，或任何钱，所以他打电话给他了。确定填 so。【例 2】 I asked him w_ he was going and he said he was going to work.（2006 年中考）【分析】 he was going 是 I asked him 的宾语从句，w 开头的肯定是连接词，分析从句缺少的成分，go 后可填疑问副词 when 或 where，再看后文提示 he was going to work，确定 where 而不是 when。【例 3】 And even if you aren
4、t very rich, you want people to think that you are. That is w_ “Keeping up with the Joneses” is about.（2011 年静安区一模试卷）【分析】 “Keeping up with the Joneses” is about 是 That is 后的表语从句，w 是连接词，分析后句 about 后缺少宾语，应填疑问代词 who 或 what， 再分析前句 you want people to think that you are 为 sth.，确定填 what。【例 4】 Often they ca
5、n not find a person in time. If they have a way to keep the blood u_ someone needs it, they can always have the right kind of blood.（ 2011 年卢湾区一模试卷）【分析】 someone needs it 是 they have a way to keep the blood 的从句，u 开头的连词只有 until 和 unless，翻译一下两个句子， “如果他们有一种方法保持血液直到有人需要它，他们就能一直得到合适血型了”。确定 until。填连词基本是一个送
6、分的空，同学们只要知道分析确定好从句，基本这两分就搞定了。填副词第 3 页 共 10 页如何确定填副词，首先要清楚副词的位置，它的位置一般在：1）动词，形容词，地点、时间状语前，起强调作用2）动词后修饰，进一步说明3）句前句后表示时间，地点常考的副词有：表强调的副词only，even，especially，still，also，always，almost，already；表否定的 hardly，never，seldom，rarely 等；句中用逗号隔开的 however，句后的again，together，altogether，instead，soon，anywhere 等，句前的someti
7、mes，usually 等。平时同学们在做题时多留心，多总结高频出现的词，对增加做题的信心很有帮助。中考真题练习【例 5】 Alana was on the diet or two months. Her doctor was pleased with her. “ You have been very good,” he said “ You can eat some of the foods you like best. But only a little. Dont eat too many sweets.If you do, you will get a lot of weight a
8、_. “ But when you eat it, it makes you sick. Its not a good food for you.” “ You are right， ” said Frank. “ Well, Ill eat more cake i_.（2002 年中考）【分析】 这是 2002 年中考出现的两题填副词，都在句末，分析句子不缺少主要成分，基本确定填副词，再略微看一下上下文，脑子里的常用副词放一遍，确定填 again 及 instead。【例 6】 Christopher knew that Jeff was not very good with money ,
9、 but 第 4 页 共 10 页he s_ agreed. As they were old friends, they didnt put anything in writing.（2004 年中考）【分析】 2004 年中考出现的是动词前的副词，动词前的副词不是强调就是否定，看一下句意，确定应填肯定，就不能填 seldom，而是填 still。【例 7】 Some people say that reading is out of date. This is not true. You have to be able to read to use a computer and, the
10、better you read, the better your computer skills will be. Reading is h_ out of date!（2005 年中考）【分析】 2005 年中考出现的也是动词前的副词，动词前的副词不是强调就是否定，看一下句意，确定应填否定，h 开头当然是 hardly 了。【例 8】 I realized that he was Jack, a friend from my school days in Scotland. At the same time he a_ realized who I was.（2006 年中考）【分析】 以
11、a 开头的副词，同学们常常不能很好地确定是 also、always还是 almost。我们不妨先学习填 also 的诀窍：如果本句所述内容与上句一致，如此句中的动作与上句一致，都是 realize，就确定填 also（也） 。【例 9】 Have a warm bath- its a great way to relax. But n_ stay in there too long. More than twenty minutes and you will lose all your energy.（2007 年中考）【分析】 此处需填的副词很多同学都填错为 not，就是没有掌握好基本规则，
12、动词前用副词 never、not 必须与助动词连用，而 no 后必须接名词。副词是每一年中考必考的一项，2009 年考了 again，2010 年考了 hardly 第 5 页 共 10 页和 together。同学们必须记住常考的一些副词及位置，副词这 2-4 分就能轻而易举地拿到手了。填代词在首字母填空中常填的是不定代词和反身代词，我们如果能够正确地分析句子所缺成分，这类填词很容易得分了。中考真题练习【例 10】 E_ went wrong at the station. People were late and they were panicking（惊恐）！（2006 年中考）【分析】
13、 本句缺少的是主语，主语不是“sb” 就是“sth.” ，如果你知道这个基本填主语都为不定代词的规律，这个空就很容易得分了，此处即可填everything 也可填 everybody。【例 11】 If you cant get to sleep after half an hour , get up and do s_ quiet, like reading .（2007 年中考）【分析】 本句动词 do 后缺少宾语 sth.，加上后面又有形容词提示，因为只有不定代词才可以放在形容词前，确定填 something。【例 12】 We switched off the TV when n _
14、was watching it.（2009 年中考）【分析】 本句缺少的是主语，从句意分析又是否定含义，且代指人，当然填 nobody。除了做主语和宾语的不定代词外，常考的还有名词前的 another 和 other。如 2011 年虹口和卢湾等区的一模试卷都考到了 another。The movies from Bollywood are very different from Hollywood movies.第 6 页 共 10 页A _ big difference between Bollywood and Hollywood movies is the way movies are
15、 made.（2011 年虹口区一模试卷） But there are two problems. There is a_ problem. .（2011 年卢湾区一模试卷）填形容词、名词、动词形容词、名词、动词的范围比较广，无法靠规律记忆，所以老师出题时一定会给你上下文的语义提示，同学在做题时要在先确定所缺词性和句子成分后，再仔细阅读上下文，根据上下文的语境提示确定词意。做题方式相似于做完形填空，下面以从上下文分析形容词的词意为例，教同学们如何分析上下文。（2007 年中考） 【 分析】 此句的 but 是关键词，说明此句的内容要与上句相反，而上句是 it（milk） helps you t
16、o relax, 表示牛奶使人容易入睡，后句有了转折，意味着 coffee or tea 使人难以入睡，所以填 difficult。此外，首字母填空还是个综合考核项目，在填写单词时要根据上下文注意词形的变化，如名词的单复数、动词的时态形式、形容词的级等。总之，要想做好首字母填空，除了掌握必要的巧方法外，更多的还是需要增加平时的阅读量，做好词汇、语法知识等的积累。近年高频单词的考查：动词：（备注：后面的数字代表考的次数）allowed answer attract appeared bring(2) become call(2) catch come(2) correct collect clo
17、sed care(2)第 7 页 共 10 页completed cleaning changed confuses choose(2) complain caused disappeared deal/do decided discovered enjoying encourages(2) exchange end examined finds follow failed followed flew(2) finish falling feel give(2) help hurried happened hide is(3) including invented improved judge
18、 known leave locked love like(7) learned look(2) live/lead lie lose means(4) makes named need(2) offered opened(2) Proved played(2) protect(2) planned pay refused relax(2) read received realize repair remember spend(3) stopped shout sleep seem showed Suppose spread sell suffered searched stepped sav
19、ed(saving) swim smell stop smile think try(2) talks(2) turning used(2) understand(3) works(3) want written walking worry 形容词：any(2) angry another(3) active asleep alone(3) beautiful best black blue broken better closer certain(2) common(4) cheap(2) confident cold careful crazy/curious daily differen
20、t(3) difficult(2) easy excited(2)(exciting) enjoyable(2) every empty enough(2) everyones/everybodys/each(2)/every free few first(3) full greater good heavy happy highest hungry healthy(2) 第 8 页 共 10 页interested(2)(interesting) important(4) impossible kind less(3) little(2) long(3)(longer)lower(2) ma
21、ny/most modern much noisy/noisier natural/necessary no own other(2) prefect(2) prettier pleased possible popular public right(2) reasonable real(2) rude recent safe sorry(2) same(4) special small(2) sick(2) safe sick straight two(3) tired traditional these/three thicker thankful top useful(2) variou
22、s wrong wonderful wise warm worried(2) worse young 副词：along around always(2) almost(2) also according actually(2) again anywhere back(2) completely carefully/closely down exactly(2) especially(2) easily even ever finally(2)further hardly(3)how(2) hard inside instead(4) luckily late(2) not(3) never(4
23、)only(5)off outside probably(2) Perhaps properly quietly / quickly(2) really(4) rather still Slowly(2) seriously(2) sometimes(2) soon seldom safely simply Softly terribly(2) through(2) then together(2) usually When well(2) with yet 第 9 页 共 10 页名词：address actress(actor) amount (2) arrangement area/at
24、traction Army arm(s) bus bedroom building country(2) culture class customers chance colour college diseases dream days difference(2) exercise experience example end film future friendship flat game grades housework happiness hobbies homes/houses history hole hair hopes information(2) idea journey ja
25、ckets job lesson list living life luck(2) leg length milk moments (moment) minutes men money messages name(2) number popular part problems(2) people(2)/persons performance radio rest(3) responsibility rule reasons summer story(4) smile stars saying surprise side skills trouble(4) thousands types wri
26、ter way(2) words year 代词：anyone(2) anything(2) either(2) nothing(2) ones(2) himself herself hers Ourselves others(2) mine myself nothing nobody something(2) self These/They them yourself(2) 介词：about(4) above between(3) Besides(2) except(2) for(2) from on over than without(3) behind 连词：As(2) (After) and before(8) because(5) but(7)however(4) until(3) 第 10 页 共 10 页since unless whether(3) though so(2) that what(2) when(2)/while
