1、Unit 1,Land People and History,Geography and Land,Situated in the southwest Pacific Ocean A large ,long group of island Australia is its nearest large neighbor In the southern temperate latitudes midway between Equator and the South Pole,Islands,Two main landmasses the North and the South The third
2、largest island Stewart Island(斯图尔特岛),North Island,Formed mostly by volcanoes , some of which are still active 2797m Ruapehu , home of the islands major ski fields Famous thermal region stretches northeast to the coast and to the White Island in the Bay of Plenty,South Island,A massive mountain chain
3、 ,the Southern Alps ,runs almost the full length of the South Island Highest mountain 3754m Mt Taranaki Outstanding scenic beauty Marlborough Sounds , Fiordland,Weather,The climate is maritime The prevailing wind is westerly Many microclimates exist particularly sheltered or exposed places January a
4、nd February the warmest months and July the coldest Temperature averages rang from 15 - 25,Wildlife unique flora and fauna,Reason long isolation from other landmasses No land mammals remarkable birds evolved Surviving flightless species the kiwi ,the kakapo ,parrot In colloquial English , a Kiwi ,ca
5、pitalized, means a New Zealander,Environment issues,Introduced animals have seriously affected native fauna and habitat Pollution of rivers and lakes ,and the clearing of forests for farming,Factors contribute to New Zealands environmental achievement,Favorable geographic features Low population A l
6、ate development,Environment responsibility,Reduce waste and recycle their rubbish No nuclear power plants and weapons ,and declare nuclear free Be active in international discussions on environment issues,In 1991 ,the Resource Management came into effect,Its purpose is to promote the sustainable man
7、agement of natural and physical resources ,bringing together laws governing land , air and water resources,The New Zealanders,Population has grown steadily over the last 150 years Most people live in cities and towns Since 1896 more people in the North Island than in the South,Three largest ethnic g
8、roups in terms of population,New Zealanders with European 80 Maori 15 The Pacific Islands 7,The official languages in New Zealand,English New Zealand Te Reo Mario second official language (1995 was New Zealands national Mario Language ),Maoritanga means “ Maori culture ” Maori people sustain their o
9、wn unique culture when they today have adopted many aspects of western life The Maori creation story tells Ranginui , the sky father , and Papatuanuku , the earth mother Stories of Maui explain elements of natural history,Traditions,Race relations Urban Maori have established multi-tribal marae (mee
10、ting places) Behaviour on the marae follows strict protocols The best known traditions is the haka,In 1975 ,the Waitangi Tribunal was set up to receive complains from Mario people and to address the mistakes made in the past by the European settlers,History,The first settlers of New Zealand were fro
11、m East Polynesia These settlers ,the forebears of todays Maori Dutchman Abel Tasman named the country Staten Land in 1642 Englishman James Cook claimed the land for the British in 1769 Sealers and whales followed,In 1840 ,over 500 chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi,To keep their ownership of the n
12、atural resources , and in return ,to give up the right to govern to the British Crown,Relationship between Maori and Pakeha,This treaty is still a major issue in the relationship between Maori and Pakeha Maori and settler interests sometimes clashed ,resulting in war during the 1860s The effect of E
13、uropean diseases ,the Maori population fell to 42000 in 1896,From its settlement 1000 years ago ,New Zealand today is a unique blend of South Pacific and European cultures with a national identity of its own,Maori renaissances,Maori political leaders initiated a Maori renaissance started earlier under the influence of the Maori King movement and Maori religious prophets Another Maori renaissance began in the 1970s as Maori focused on regaining land,thank you,
