1、1. What are the teachings of Confucius?In his teachings ,according to everybodys rank, man had to use a certain etiquette (li 禮 , a term originally meaning “ritual offering“) and man had to be righteous (yi 義), this means, to behave with all moral qualities in every concrete situation .In life ,the
2、father had to show benevolence (ci 慈) to an obedient son. Education of the self was a central point in a persons life, music was of great importance to create order and harmony in society. Only a few persons could try to become a noble person (junzi 君子), exerting virtue (de 德) against the society, l
3、oyalty (zhong 忠) to the sovereign and filial piety (xiao 孝) to his parents. Confucian loyalty is in no way a kind of slavish obedience, but even lays the duty upon man to criticize his own father or ruler if necessary.2. Please tell me one aspect of the influence of Confucianism.From the Song Dynast
4、y on, when Confucianism ran through a renaissance after the great age of Buddhism, it became a bonding agent for intellectual and national unity. This makes more and more intellectuals to think of the problem as a starting point for the nation, which greatly improved the exchanges and cooperation in
5、 the land of different ethnic. Nowadays, the Chinese people are used to let the national unity in the first place. We believe that the fifty-six nations are a unity .3. What would you say about Chinese Language if youre to introduce it to a foreign friend?It is generally believed that Chinese is the
6、 language used by the Chinese .The Chinese language is a member of the Sino-Tibetan family 汉藏语系 of languages. After many years of evolution, Chinese has shown a lot of distinctive features . I think it is different to the West .The terms and concepts used by Chinese to think about language are diffe
7、rent from those used in the West, partly because of the unifying effects of the Chinese characters used in writing, and partly because of differences in the political and social development of China in comparison with Europe.4. Tell me the story of the Dragon Boat Festival.The Duanwu Festival commem
8、orates the life and death of the famous Chinese scholar Qu Yuan. In olden days, When Qu Yuan jumped into the river , there is a local fisherman in order not to let his body be eaten by the fishes throwing rice into the river. The second year, other villagers began to throw the rice wrapped in bamboo
9、 leaves into the river to commemorate Qu Yuan. This kind of food is also known as Zong zi , and over time people are accustomed to eating Zong zi on this day.5. Give me an introduction to the Double Ninth Festival.It is said that in the ancient China, probably in the Han dynasty, on September 9th, t
10、he emperor and his attendants would wear the zhuyu plant, eat rice cakes and drink chrysanthemum wine to dispel bad omens and pray for longevity.citation needed But afterwards, the empress of Han GaoZu (the emperor) killed his lover Mrs Qi cruelly. Consequently, Qis attendant, a girl, was dismissed
11、from the palace and married a civilian, so the custom in the palace was in circulation.6. Tell me the differences between Chinese and western cultures as far as education and religion are concerned.As far as religion is concerned, Chinese beliefs are rooted in Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. On
12、the other hand, Western religions (read Christianity) believe in superiority of human beings over other animals and here too people can become better if they control their sinful actions and thoughts. In Education ,The Chinese system of education is rigid and it suppresses creativity according to we
13、stern analysts. But Chinese place great importance to education and this is why China has today become the largest economy in the world, overtaking the US. Though education is equally important in the US, here emphasis is placed upon the liking of kids and the interest they show in particular subjec
14、ts that is more important.7. Tell me the two differences of Chinese and Western Food Culture.The first difference between Chinese and western food culture is about different main food. Rice and cooked wheaten food are two main staple foods in the Han nationality. Meat, milk and bread are the staple
15、food in western countries. A common meal usually consists of soup, bread and butter. Second, the difference between Chinese and western drinks. Liquor and tea are two kinds of main drinks in Han nationality. It is known to all that China is the hometown of tea. While the grape wine and beer are comm
16、on drink in western countries. People in some cold area even drink sherry everyday to keep themselves warm.8. Tell me the reasons of the differences in Chinese and western food culture.The first is to grow crops. In China, the planting of wheat and rice is very common, especially in the areas of the
17、 south of the Yangtze River and the northeast. And in the west, the planting of potatoes. Next , Different attitudes toward the nature. In China it is usually thought that people are an inherent part of nature. On the contrary, many Westerners think that people are dominant over nature.9. Tell me th
18、e dragon symbolizations in Chinese culture and the story of Liu Bang mentioned in this article.The Chinese dragon is an auspicious creature, symbolizing strength, wisdom, good luck and power over the elements of wind and water. An anecdote in the Records of the Grand Historian (史记shj) traces the bir
19、th of Liu Bang, the first emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 24): One day, his mother falls asleep at a riverside and dreams of a dragon lying on her body, only to wake up and find herself pregnant. Traces of the anecdote survived in the belief that a dragon appearing in a pregnant mother
20、s dream was an auspicious sign indicating she would give birth to a future emperor.10. Tell me the differences of Chinese dragon and western dragon.The Chinese dragon is an auspicious creature, symbolizing strength, wisdom, good luck and power over the elements of wind and water. The Chinese dragon
21、is a far different beast from its Western counterpart. The dragon is a incarnation be not auspicious ,greedy and cold-blooded, they tend to make fire to attack humans. It represents bad things. Their biggest difference is that the historical background is different. Chinese dragon represents the imp
22、erial power, so it has the higher status.11.How do you define culture? Or What is culture as far as youre concerned?你认为文化是什么？I believe that culture is the sum of the material wealth and spiritual wealth created by mankind. It is the history, geography, traditional customs, life style, behavior stand
23、ard, thinking mode and value idea of the country or nation that can be inherited. Material culture refers to the material civilization created by human beings, including transportation, clothing, and daily necessities. The spiritual wealth created by mankind, including religion, belief, morality, ac
24、ademic thought, literature and art, science and technology, all kinds of systems and so on.12. What are the forces that shape our culture? Can you give an example to explain?什么是影响个人文化的外力因素？Such as occupation ,residence, gender, family background and so on. As far as our job concerned, people in the
25、literary field pay attention to history and geography .This may be because of the work needs. The difference between liberal arts students and science students is also different from the emphasis of the students time. On the contrary, science students are more concerned with numbers and projects.13.
26、 What do you know about the religious or cultural beliefs in China? 你知道关于什么中国的宗教或者文化信仰？China has three major religions. They are Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism. Buddhism originated in tenth Century BC in ancient India, and later spread to China through the Silk Road in the Han Dynasty. Confuciani
27、sm is the central idea of Chinese culture, it affects every Chinese moral concept. Confucian thought is the moral standard and code of conduct for the Chinese people. Taoism is China indigenous religion, Its main object is the pursuit of immortality and healing.14. What places would you recommend a
28、foreigner to visit in China and why?什么地方是你想让外国人参观的？为什么Id like to recommend a foreigner to visit the Imperial Palace. The Imperial Palace is the residence of the ancient Chinese emperor, which shows a dignified and noble artistic atmosphere everywhere. Its architectural style also highlights the char
29、m of Chinese culture. Foreigners can feel the flavor of Chinese traditional culture through the Imperial Palace and enjoy the beauty of Chinese architecture.15. What do you think are the most important values in traditional Chinese culture?你认为中国传统文化中最重要的价值I think its most important value is to lead
30、the Chinese peoples moral values. Traditional Chinese philosophical systems are based on Confucianism, which sings high praises for communal harmony. It affects every Chinese moral concept. Confucian thought is the moral standard and code of conduct for the Chinese people. Today, due to the traditio
31、nal culture, people still do not consciously pay attention to morality and etiquette.16. Do you think its necessary to be aware of the cultural differences and why?你认为意识到文化差异重要么？为什么Each nations culture represents the spirit and the whole history of the nation. Recognizing that cultural differences i
32、s conducive to the unity of all ethnic groups. For example, when we go abroad, it is necessary to understand the culture of the country to reduce unnecessary conflicts and to facilitate communication. We can show our respect for other cultures in the communication.17. Would you tell us something abo
33、ut one of the Chinas World Heritage site?一个关于中国文化遗产The Imperial Palace is one of the worlds famous cultural heritage. It was hailed as the worlds top five of the first temple. It covers an area of 720 thousand square meters, construction area of about 150 thousand square meters, the size of the pala
34、ce more than and 70, housing more than 9000 rooms. And it is one of the largest and most complete ancient wooden structures in the world. The Imperial Palace is the residence of the ancient Chinese emperor, which shows a dignified and noble artistic atmosphere everywhere. Its architectural style als
35、o highlights the charm of Chinese culture.18. Would you tell us something about one of the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage in China?非物质文化遗产The beautiful mountains and rivers as well as the unique resources of china clay within the boundaries of Longquan Zhejiang gave birth to Longquan celadon, a
36、 rare treasure and they also created generations of famous celadon craftsmen of wonderful workmanship. Longquan celadon started in the Five Dynasties, reached its summit during the Song and Yuan Dynasties and lasted to the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is the longest and largest kiln family in the Chi
37、nese celadon history. Celadon from the Younger Brother Kiln was said in ancient books to be sparkling, pure and as perfect as jade.19. What kinds of crafts and products are there in traditional Chinese culture? Introduce one of them.工艺品The beautiful mountains and rivers as well as the unique resourc
38、es of china clay within the boundaries of Longquan Zhejiang gave birth to Longquan celadon, a rare treasure and they also created generations of famous celadon craftsmen of wonderful workmanship. Longquan celadon started in the Five Dynasties, reached its summit during the Song and Yuan Dynasties an
39、d lasted to the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is the longest and largest kiln family in the Chinese celadon history. Celadon from the Younger Brother Kiln was said in ancient books to be sparkling, pure and as perfect as jade.美丽的山川以及银川地图粘土在龙泉浙江境内的独特资源孕育了龙泉青瓷，稀世珍宝，他们还创建了著名的青瓷工匠巧夺天工的代。龙泉青瓷始于五代，高峰在宋、元时期，
40、延续到明清。这是最长的，在中国历史上最大的青瓷窑系。从弟弟窑青瓷是古代书籍说是晶莹剔透，纯净和完美如玉。20. Can you tell one of the stories from Chinese Myths and Legends?神话传说The bird Jingwei trying to fill the sea 精卫填海Once upon a time, the youngest daughter of Emperor Yan, legendary ruler of primitive China, went boating on the Eastern Sea. While sh
41、e was enjoying herself, a strong wind rose on the sea and her boat capsized. Just before she was buried by the surging waves, her spirit turned into a beautiful bird. As it flew over the roaring sea, it cried sadly in the sound “jinwei, jingwei“. The bird lived on a mountain near the sea. It hated t
42、he sea so much that it decided to fill it up. Every day, it flew to and fro between the mountain and the sea, carrying in a twig or a pebble from the mountain and dropping it into the sea. But the sea said to her :“it is impossible.“ The brave little bird kept carrying twigs and pebbles from the mou
43、ntain to the Eastern Sea without taking a rest. Now We use this story to describe people who are firm and indomitable.很久以前，Emperor Yan 的小女儿，传说中的原始银川地图的统治者，在东部海上划船。虽然她很享受自己，强烈的风在海面上升起，她的船翻了。就在她被汹涌的波浪所掩埋之前，她的灵魂变成了一只美丽的鸟。它飞过大海，伤心的叫着“精卫，精卫”的声音。这就是为什么人们叫它“精卫” 。鸟住在靠海的一座山上。它非常恨大海，所以决定把它填满。每一天，它飞到山和海之间，从山上衔
44、着一根树枝或一个小石子扔到海里，但大海对她说：“这是不可能的。 ”勇敢的小鸟不停地把树枝和小石子从山上带到东海，而不休息。我们用这个故事来描述那些坚强和不屈不挠的人。In remote antiquity, the four poles of the universe collapsed, the sky cracked open, the earth was no longer able to support everything, fire ran wild everywhere without ceasing, and flood overflowed out of control. F
45、ierce beasts ate common people, and ferocious birds attacked the old and the weak. Hence, Nvwa smelted the five-colored stones to mend the sky, cut off the feet of the great turtle to support the four poles, killed the black dragon to help the earth, and gathered the ash of reed to stop the flood.在远古时代，宇宙的四杆倒塌，天空裂开了，地球不再能够支持一切，火跑野外到处不停，洪水泛滥失控。凶猛的野兽吃普通人，凶猛的鸟攻击老人和弱者。因此，Nvwa用五色石补天，斩断大龟的脚支撑的四极，杀黑龙以帮助地球，采集芦苇灰阻止洪水。
