1、中高级口译应试技巧（连载三）各类题型精析(该部分是从历届考题中找出考生和辅导班学员在做听力、听力翻译、阅读、笔译以及口译各题型中最容易出错的典型例句进行精析，以供考生在考前复习时参考。)考题题型构成：英语高级口译资格证书考试分为第一阶段考试和第二阶段考试。第一阶段考试为笔试，试卷题型包括以下几种类型：第一部分(Section l)：听力测试(包括听写和听力理解)(Part A：Spot Dictation；Part B：Listening Comprehension)(30minutes)；第二部分(Section2)：阅读测试(多项选择题)(Reading Test)(30minutes)；
2、第三部分(Section 3)：翻译测试(英译汉)(Translation Test)(30minutes)；第四部分(Section4)：听力测试(笔记及填空和听译)(Part A：Note-taking and Gap-filling；Part B：Listening and Translation)(30minutes)；第五部分(Section5)：阅读测试(简答题)(Reading Test)(30minutes)；第六部分(Section6)：翻译测试(汉译英)(Translation Test)(30minutes)。考生通过第一阶段考试后，方可参加第二阶段考试。第二阶段考试为口
3、试，包括口语和口译。口语试卷有 A 卷或 B 卷之分，但题型一样，难易程度相当。口译试卷(1NTERPRETATIONSECTION)也有 A 卷或 B 卷之分。A 卷或 B 卷均包括 Part A(two English passages) and Part B (two Chinese passages)。第一节 听力精析(听写、听力理解)该部分(Section 1)为听力测试，分为 Part A：Spot Dictation 和 Part B：Listening Comprehension。Part A and Part B 要求考生在 30 分钟内完成。题目要求如下：SECTION l
4、：LISTENINGTEST(30minutes)IPart A：Spot DictationDirection: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
5、Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.该部分(Part A)为听写填空题(Spot Dictation)。该部分题材广泛，体裁多样。试题中有 20 处标号的空缺部分需要考生填写。空缺部分多为 24 个词组成的短语或习惯用语。听写内容播放后有 3-5 分钟间隙供考生填写。听写文字内容长度为 300400 个词。（中级口译为 250350 个词）只念一遍，语速为每分钟 100 词左右。考生在听写开始前可提前浏览文章，做到心中有数，有的放矢。这样有助于考生听力理解。现就一听力实考题进行分析。Today Im going to consider ve
6、ry briefly a problem concerned with the competition for land use, that is, whether crops should be used to produce food or should be used to _(1) and in considering this problem I will look at _ (2): the historical background to the problem, the economics involved in the competition for land use, so
7、me examples, and _ (3) to a potential problem.In considering the historical background we should _ (4) of the 1970s due to the rapid trend in increasing oil prices. Many countries have looked for _ (5) to make them independent of other countries _ (6). Examples of alternative energy sources include
8、such things as solar power, the _ (7), and also the production of biogas. Biogas is methane which is produced from _ (8).A particularly interesting possibility for many developing countries has been the _ (9) to alcohol. This is interesting because in many developing countries there is a _ (10) and
9、at the same time a small industrial sector and thus the _ (11) the agricultural sector to produce fuel is of interest to those countries.Research is going on _ (12), for example, from sugar and there are two main economic reasons for this. First of all, the world price of sugar _ (13) or the world p
10、rice of sugar has fallen in very real terms _ (14). This has caused a problem for those economics which are _ (15) their sugar production, as it gives them an alternative possibility for _ (16). And secondly sugar is the most efficient source of alcohol; therefore, it is _ (17) to make fuel. by, dis
11、tilling alcohol from it.In addition to sugar there are _ (18) that can be used to make alcohol, for example, _ (19) such plants as the cassava plant and the sweet potato are good sources from which alcohol can be made and in non-tropical countries you have such things as _ (20).答案：1. produce fuel 2.
12、 four main areas3. a possible solution 4. look at the oil crisis5. alternative energy sources 6. fossil fuels7. harnessing of wind and waves 8. human and animal waste9. conversion of plant material 10. a large agriculture sector11. possibility of using 12. in the production of alcohol13. has fallen
13、dramatically 14. in the last decade15. dependent on 16. using their sugar17. relatively economical 18. other starchy plants19. in tropical countries 20. corn and sugar beet精析：考生在快速预览该篇文章后，尤其是在预览主题句后，便对其含义有总体印象，它是关于 the competition for land use 的短文。与此同时，考生可对部分填空题目作出大致的推断。这样，考生在听的同时，将预测信息与听到信息有机结合起来，便
14、可作出正确判断。若遇同音词可以根据语义和语法规则进行判断。最后，若有个别词或短语尚未听懂，考生可根据文章上下文的连贯性和平行性(coherence and parallel)，语义的(semantic)一致性(consistency)，以及语法规则(grammatical rule)的准确性(accuracy)来猜词悟意，直至篇章完善。1)由主题句猜测篇章大意也必不可少。该篇文章开头句就提到：“Today Im going to consider very briefly a problem concemed with the competition for land use，that is，
15、whether crops should be used to produce food or should used to_ (1)and”。由此看出，本文是讲述作者对土地使用目的的研究，庄稼是用来生产食物，还是用来生产燃料。文章第二、第三、第四和第五自然段是对主题的展开论述。由第二自然段的首句“In considering the historical background we should _(4)of the l970s due to the rapid trend in increasing oil prices”，便可知该段是说“能源危机的历史状况”。由第三自然段的首句“Apar
16、ticularly interesting possibility for many developing countries has been the_ (9)to alcohol”，便可知该段是说“发展中国家利用农业资源的状况”。由第四自然段的首句“Research is。going on _(12)，for example，from sugar and there two main economic reasons for this”便可知该段是说“农业资源生产的经济原因”的情况。最后一段，由“In addition to sugar there are_(18)that can be
17、used to make alcohol，”中的“In addition to”，考生便可推断出作者又进一步论证除蔗糖以外的情况。掌握中心是考生第一关键。2)预测信息，猜词悟意。考生在对文章有了总体印象后，可在脑海中预测一些信息，同时可根据上下文的连贯性猜词悟意。，如“Today Im going to consider very brieflv a problemconcerned with the competition for land use；that is，whether crops should be used to produce food or should be used t
18、o _ (1)”由句中“whether crops should be used to produce food，考生便可猜出(1)这一空格会出现平行的“produce“一词。当考生听音时会有的放矢，很容易就会听出这一信息“produce fuel“。万一考生在听音时没有听清“fuel一词，考生可根据下文关于能源的内容，进行猜测。3)遵循语法，完善句子。当考生对一些音素可能听得不很清楚时，如“and in considering this problem I will look at_(2)：”句中的第(2)空格“four main areas“究竟是“for“还是“four”，可根据语法知识
19、和语义内容作出正确判断。该句的下半句“the historical background to the problem，the economics involved in the competition for land US，some examples，and_(3)to a potential problem”正好反映了 4 个主要方面，因此该词应该是“four“。若出现如单词是否加 s，加 ing 之类的情况，考生没听清楚，此时，可根据语法的准确性来作出判断。例如“In addition to sugar there are _ (18)that can be used to make
20、alcohol，”。句中出现了“there are“，后面的名词肯定是复数形式，那么就不会是“plant“而是“plants“指各种各样的植物。再如，“Examples of alternative energy sources include such things as solar power，the _ (7)，”，在第(7)空格前是定冠词，那么要添的空白肯定应该是名词，但“harness“一词虽可作名词用，但作名词时作“马具，系在身上的绳子，甲胄”解，没有“利用(河流、瀑布、风浪等)产生动力”的意思，所以在此应该用动名词的形式“harnessing，整个空为“harnessing of
21、 wind and waves“。另外，道正认为，考生应对填空词汇的种类特征进行研究，这一部分经研究共有 27 种类型，请考生可参考道正学校自编口译证书 Spot Dictation教材。考生做该部分试题的一般原则是：预览全文掌握大意预测信息猜词悟意辨听信息快速反应获取信息遵循语法完善全文。PartB：Listening Comprehension该部分由 4 篇听音对话或听音篇章组成。对话部分的内容题材与日常生活、工作或学习有关。讲话及讲座的内容涉及科普或社会专题。该部分不仅考核考生理解能力，而且还有记忆能力、思维能力。根据所讲技巧，有必要先看后听，掌握中心议题。一般来说，对话的提问顺序是与
22、对话本身的概念递进和逻辑发展齐头并进的。每篇有 5 个选择题，共 20 道题组成。要求考生从四个选择项中选出最贴近听音原文的答案。现从历届试题中选出一篇对话加以精析。Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation1. (A) Blue.(B) Green.(C) Red.(D) Yellow.2. (A)“Swimming.“(B) “Willss Woodbines.“(C) A petrol company badge.(D) “Tidy.“3. (A) In the early 190Os.(B) In the early
23、 1950s.(C) Around 1945.(D) After 1955.4. (A) “Smoked by Millions.“(B) “Bought by Millions.“(C) “Love for Humankind.“(D) “Ive been to Disneyland.“5. (A) Two.(B) Three.(C) Four.(D) Five.听力原文Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will
24、be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken only once. Now listen carefidly and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Now lets begin Part B with
25、Listening Comprehension. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversationF: Er . roughly, Mr. Andrew Simpson, when did you begin collecting badges?M: At my primary school, I think. The teachers used to give out badges to pupils who were.particularly good at certain things. So I got a little
26、blue badge with the word “swimming“ on it, and then another one I remember-it was green-which had the word “Tidy“ on it! Ha!F: And have you still got those badges in your collection?M: No . . . well, Ive got the swimming badge, but I think I was so untidy that I must have lost the tidy badge years a
27、go!F: And you started collecting badges, then, from that, the age of about nine7M: Er, yeah, I guess so . eight or nine or so. Thats right. In those days-were talking about the early fifties-there werent so many cars around as there are today. So filling stations didnt have so many customers. So the
28、 petrol companies used to give out badges. I suppose they thought that kids whose parents had a car would keep asking them to go to a particular filling station so that they could get another free badge. My dad bought our first car in 1954. I think it was-a black Ford Popular-and every time I went o
29、ut with him in it I used to ask him to go to a different petrol station so that I could add more to my growing badge collection. Actually, he was a very shy man, my father, and Im sure he didnt like asking for free things .F: SO petrol company badges were the first ones in your collection, werent th
30、ey?M: After “swimming“ and “tidy“, yeah. But soon all sorts of companies started making badges to advertise their products, even cigarette companies. Ive got one in my collection for Willss Woodbines-they were the cheapest cigarettes in those days-and on the badge, at the bottom, it says, “Smoked by
31、 Millions“-no health warnings in those days.F: How did you start collecting foreign badges?M: I started travelling! Actually, I have to say that as a teenager I rather lost interest in badges and in fact I threw away a lot . or, er lost quite a lot . ones which would be rather valuable today. But wh
32、en I left university I got a job in Austria and whenever I had a holiday, I used to take cheap trips to countries in Eastern Europe. Badges are very popular there and I soon started collecting again. Ive got some really beautiful badges from Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union, and some lovely ones
33、from Yugoslavia, too.F: Do people in Eastern Europe wear badges or do they just collect them?M: Oh, they wear them just like we do.F: Why do you think people do wear badges?M: Well, I think there are probably three main reasons. I think some people wear them to show that they belong to something. Yo
34、u know, like a group or a club or an association of some sort . like the Rotary Club or a trade union. And then I think people wear badges for they have something to say to the world. To tell people what they think-political or religious badges- which show what kind of person the wearer is, what he
35、or she believes in, what they want to me“ communicate . or badges which say things like, er, “Please dont smoke near or “Im a vegetarian“. I think that sort of badge is very popular these days.F: You said you thought there were three main reasons why people wear badges .M: Oh, yes. Well, the third r
36、eason, I think, is to show everyone else where youve been . you know, badges which say things like “Ive been to Disneyland“. A lot of people put stickers like that on their cars, too. There are other reasons, of course but I think theyre the main ones.Question No. 1 What colour was the “Tidy“ badge?
37、Question No. 2 Which badge does Andrew Simpson think he has lost?Question No. 3 When do you think Andrew Simpson was born?Question No. 4 What is the slogan on the Willss Woodbines badge?Question No. 5 How many main reasons are given by Andrew Simpson for people to wear badges?精析：从这组选择题系列以及对话的开始，考生可以
38、知道：这是一篇有关徽章搜集和使用的对话。Question No1 What colour was the“Tidy“badge?根据提问的一般原则：提问顺序和情节发展是平行进行的，所以，该答案一定在该篇对话的开始部分。听音原文中有这样一句话“.and then another one I rememberit was greenwhich had the word “Tidy on it!Ha!“，据此，考生可以断定 the“Tidy”badge 的颜色为绿色。只有答案(B)符合题意，所以正确答案为(B)。考生在做此题时应注意听，切莫与“So I got a little blue badge
39、 with the wordswimmingon it”中的“blue相混淆。Question NO2 Which badge does Andrew Simpson think he has lost?当考生听到“Ive got the swimming badge，but I think I Was so untidy that I must have lost the tidy badge years ago!“便可知道 Andrew Simpson 所丢失的是“the tidy badge“。(D)项符合题意，为正确答案。听音时，考生同样应该注意不要将“the tidy badge混淆
40、为“the swimming badge“。Question NO3 When do you think Andrew Simpson was born?在对话中，并没有直接谈到 Andrew Simpson 是何时出生的，但是通过对话，考生可以计算出他大致的出生时间。F： Andyou started collecting badges，then，from that，the age of about nine?M： Er，yeah，I guess soeight or nine or soThats rightIn those dayswere talking about the early
41、 fiftiesthere werent so many cars around as there are today.通过这两句对话，我们可以知道“.were talking about the early fifties“是发生在 50 年代早期，当时他八九岁左右，此时开始搜集徽章，这样就可以计算出他的出生大约是在 1945 年左右。因此，只有选项(C)Around l945符合题意。Question No4 What is the slogan on the Willss Woodbines badge?该题答案较为明显，比较容易听出。当考生听到“Ive got one in my co
42、llection for Willss Woodbines-they were the cheapest cigarettes in those days-and on the badge，at the bottom，it says，“Smoked by Millions“no health warnings in those days”时，“Smoked by Millions“就很容易印在脑海中。四个选项中，(A)项为正确答案。Question NO5 How many main reasons are given by Andrew Simpson for people to wear
43、badges?该问题体现在对话中也是直问直答。其中对话为：F：Why do you think people do wear badges?M：Well，I think there are probably three main reasons显然，人们戴徽章有 3 个主要方面的原因。因此答案(B)为正确答案。该部分为高级口译第一阶段测试中的第二部分，即：SECTION 2：Reading Test。该部分考试时间为 30 分钟。阅读材料均选自英语原版材料，共 4 篇。内容及题材具有多样性、普遍性和社会性。要求考生应有一定的词汇量，以及阅读理解技能，如概括中心思想能力，推理与释义能力；另外，还
44、应有与英语国家社会和文化相关的知识面。现就历届考题中的一篇进行精析。SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 minutes)Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D) to each question. Answer all the questions following each pass
45、age on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1 5 are based on the following passageBritish Aerospace is planning to set up its own university because it canno
46、t recruit the skilled graduates it needs from existing institutions.BAe has a team drafting a range of options for the university, which would award its own degrees. Work on the scheme is expected to start in the next few months.Sir Richard Evans, chief executive of British Aerospace, has already la
47、unched a recruiting drive for engineers on the Continent because of a shortage of high-calibre domestic candidates. Advertising campaigns in France, Germany and other European countries will seek to attract students expecting to graduate in the summer.Other engineering employers are expected to foll
48、ow suit. The move to take on overseas graduates comes after BAe left one in five of its graduate places unfilled last year, blaming shortcomings in the education system.If the scheme is approved, BAe will either build a full university or incorporate sites at its main research and manufacturing cent
49、res at Famborough, Surrey, and Warton, Lancashire. The company would have to convince the education authorities that the university had sufficient teaching capacity and autonomy for it to be allowed to award degrees. BAe said it was setting up its own education system and recruiting staff abroad because “there is a shortage of engineering graduates, beth in terms of quantity and quality“.The Engineering Employers Fed
