1、2011 年硕士研究生入学考试英语二真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is als
2、o behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nations cyber-czar, offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted iden
3、tity” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of
4、 private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet drivers license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among com
5、panies that already have these“single sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 .the approach would create a “walled garden” n cyberspace, with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt
6、described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”.Still, the administrations plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Som
7、e applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet “drives license” mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” envisioned
8、 by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1 A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden2 A.for B.within C.while D.though3 A.careless B.
9、lawless C.pointless D.helpless4 A.reason B.reminder C.compromise D.proposal5 A.information B.interference C.entertainment D.equivalent6 A.by B.into C.from D.over7 A.linked B.directed C.chained D.compared8 A.dismiss B.discover C.create D.improve9 A.recall B.suggest C.select D.realize10 A.relcased B.i
10、ssued C.distributed D.delivered11 A.carry on B.linger on C.set in D.log in12 A.In vain B.In effect C.In return D.In contrast13 A.trusted B.modernized c.thriving D.competing14 A.caution B.delight C.confidence D.patience15 A.on B.after C.beyond D.across16 A.divided B.disappointed C.protected D.united1
11、7 A.frequestly B.incidentally C.occasionally D.eventually18 A.skepticism B.relerance C.indifference D.enthusiasm19 A.manageable B.defendable C.vulnerable D.invisible20 A.invited B.appointed C.allowed D.forcedSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the
12、questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachss board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both role
13、s without attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldmans compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too
14、 much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firms board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executives proposals. If the sky, and the share price is
15、falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises. The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed
16、 from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They fount that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to res
17、tate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is
18、suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up.” Leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave
19、a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once agai
20、n very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for . Againing excessive profitsBfailing to fulfill her dutyCrefusing to make compromisesDleaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be .Agenerous investorsBunb
21、iased executivesCshare price forecastersDindependent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside directors surprise departure, the firm is likely to .Abecome more stableBreport increased earningsCdo less well in the stock marketDperform worse in lawsuits24. It can
22、be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors .Amay stay for the attractive offers from the firmBhave often had records of wrongdoings in the firmCare accustomed to stress-free work in the firmDwill decline incentives from the firm25. The authors attitude toward the role of outside dire
23、ctors is .ApermissiveBpositiveCscornfulDcriticalText 2Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling th
24、eir own doom. Americas Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them ? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date. In much of the world there is the sign of
25、 crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled come of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.It h
26、as not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these
27、 desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further. Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 8
28、7% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference.A “southern” camp headed by French wants something different: ”European economic government” within an inner
29、core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the France government have
30、 murmured, curo-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization: e.g., curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the worlds largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a
31、 single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign.36. The EU is faced with so many problems that .A it
32、 has more or less lost faith in markets B even its supporters begin to feel concerned C some of its member countries plan to abandon euroD it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation37. The debate over the EUs single currency is stuck because the dominant powers .A are competing for the leadin
33、g position B are busy handling their own crisesC fail to reach an agreement on harmonization D disagree on the steps towards disintegration38. To solve the euro problem ,Germany proposed that .A EU funds for poor regions be increasedB stricter regulations be imposedC only core members be involved in
34、 economic co-ordination D voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed39. The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that _ _.Apoor countries are more likely to get fundsBstrict monetary policy will be applied to poor countriesCloans will be readily available to rich countriesDrich countrie
35、s will basically control Eurobonds40. Regarding the future of the EU, the author seems to feel _ _.ApessimisticBdesperateCconceitedDhopefulPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details giv
36、en in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)46 Direction：In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese, write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15points)Who would have thought that, globally, the IT
37、 industry produces about the same volumes of greenhouse gases as the worlds airlines do-rough 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2 depending on how many attempts are needed to get the “
38、right” answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even
39、more energy.However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there is much to be done, and not just by big companies.2011 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试考研英语二真题答案Section I Use of English15 ACBDD610 BACCA111
40、5 DBACA1620 CDACDPart A2125 BBDAA 2630 DBCBB3135 BDCDB3640 DCBACPart B4145 EDCFG46.翻译有谁会想到，在全球范围内，IT 行业产生的温室气体跟全球航空公司产生的一样多?占二氧化碳总排量的 2%。很多日常工作对环境造成了让人震惊的破坏作用。根据你查询正确答案的尝试次数，谷歌搜索引擎会插手 0.2-7 克的二氧化碳的排放量。要快速将结果传递给用户，谷歌必须用强大和大量的计算机系统来维护全球巨大的数据库中心。这些计算机在散发大量热量的同时也产生大量的二氧化碳气体。所以中心处理器必须要有很好的散热装备，然而却耗能更多。小作
41、文范文：Dear friend,I am writing to congratulate you on your being successfully admitted to Harvard University， which enjoys an international reputation for its academic excellence and give you some suggestions as to how to make preparation for the coming college life.In order for you to adapt yourself
42、to the university life， you are advised to get prepared physically and intellectually. First and foremost， you need to build a strong body for the future academic pursuit， so you can take some exercises during the breaks. Secondly， since the study in university is more demanding than in your seconda
43、ry school， you are highly suggested to find some introductory books from the library so as to have a good idea of the specialty you are going to take in your college life. Given your sound ability， you are sure to have a successful college life.Congratulate you again and wish you a fruitful college
44、life.Sincerely yours，Zhang Wei大作文范文：This bar chart indicates different market shares of automobiles of three types of brand affiliations between 2008 and 2009. In 2008， cars with Japanese brands topped the three types of vehicles， accounting for 35% of the total market. What follows is the cars with
45、 Chinese brands， hitting 25% of the auto market， with the share of American brand bottomed out at 15%. In 2009， some developments are noticeable in that the cars with the largest share became those of Chinese brands， which occupied roughly 32% of the market， while cars with Japanese and American bra
46、nds took 25% and 15% of the whole market respectively.It is observed that between 2008 and 2009， cars of Chinese and Japanese brands took turns to be the No.1 in terms of market share while those with American brands ranked the last in both years. And the share of Chinese-brand cars witnessed a mild
47、 increase and that of the Japanese-brand cars saw a moderate decrease， while the American-brand cars stayed the same. From this graph， we can come to the safe conclusion that the Chinese automakers are doing a good job in outcompeting their Japanese and American counterparts in 2009， but the gap is not so significant and if no efforts were made from the part of the Chinese auto industry， the distribution map might be rewritten in the future.
