1、第四部分 词汇运用 专题十九 单词拼写(语法填空),中考英语 (浙江专用),一、(2018杭州)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Next time you hold a book in your hands, stop and think. Like most other things in the modern world, it is the result of thousands of years of human invention. First came the invention of writing, 1 (probable)about
2、5,500 years ago. With writing, people did not have to remember everything in their heads. They could communicate with people that they never 2 (see) and share their knowledge with future generations. Later, the Greeks were well-known for their literature(文学)and science, but their “books” looked very
3、 different 3 the books of today. They were called scrolls(卷轴). They were difficult to use and took a lot of space in a library. About 2,000 years ago, books with lots of pages 4 (invent).,A组 20142018年浙江中考题组,五年中考,For more than a thousand years, the pages of books were made from animal skin. That chan
4、ged in 5 thirteenth century, when Europeans learned about a very 6 (use)Chinese invention:pa- per. But the biggest change for books in Europe came in 1439, when Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press. Before that, books in Europe were copied by hand, so they were very expensive. Many more pe
5、ople could afford the books 7 were produced on a printing press. These days it is difficult 8 (imagine)a world without books. But human invention does not stop. Every year, more 9 (story) are bought as e-books and read on a screen. Will anyone turn the pages of a traditional book in the future, 10 w
6、ill books, like scrolls, soon disappear?,答案 语篇解读 本文讲述了文字及书的发明为交流提供了极大的便利,随着科技的进步书本会 继续存在还是消失呢? 1.probably 句意:首先是字的发明,可能大约在5,500年以前出现了。probably可能。 2.saw 句意:他们可以和他们从来都看不到的人交流并且和后代分享他们的知识。 3.from/to/than 句意:后来,希腊人因文学和科学而出名,但他们的“书”看起来和今天的书非 常不同。be different from/to/than与不同。 4.were invented 句意:大约2,000年前,
7、有许多页的书被发明出来。 5.the 句意:当欧洲人得知了一种非常有用的中国发明纸,那种情况在十三世纪改变了。 the thirteenth century十三世纪。 6.useful 句意同上。useful有用的。 7.that/which 句意:更多的人可以支付得起用印刷机生产出来的书。此处设空处引导定语从 句,并在从句中作主语。 8.to imagine 句意:现如今很难想象没有书的世界(是怎样的)。imagine想象。 9.stories story为可数名词,前有more修饰,故用复数形式。 10.or 句意:未来会有人翻着看传统的书,还是像卷轴那样的书会很快消失呢?,二、(2018
8、温州) 根据短文内容和所给中文提示,用单词的正确形式完成以下短文。 Charlies life dream was to become a soldier, but he would never be able to because of his leg conditionhe couldnt stand on his right leg. He was very 1 (伤心的)about it. One day, Harris, an army officer, 2 (听说)the story. After communicating with Charlies par- ents, Har
9、ris started to plan secretly to give the poor boy a big 3 (惊奇,惊喜). A month later, one day in 4 (八月)2016, Harris appeared in Charlies classroom. In front of his classmates, Harris asked the boy, “Would you 5 (介意)taking a ride with me?” Charlie was taken to the Army Reserve Center, where he 6 (真正地)dre
10、amed to go. Harris said to Charlie,“Today you will become a member of our team.”Charlie was too 7 (激动的)to say a word. Charlie raised his right hand and repeated the oath 8 (大声地), “I volunteer to join the army and make all my efforts to protect the people and the 9 (国家).” Charlies parents were so tha
11、nkful. Harris said that it was simply part of his job,“When I joined the army, I made a 10 (承诺) to protect the people, which also means protecting the dreams of a child.”,答案 语篇解读 Charlie的梦想是成为一名军人,可是他的腿有问题,他能成为一名军人吗? 1.sad 句意:他对此很伤心。根据汉语提示,应填形容词。 2.heard 句意:一天,一位军官Harris听说了此事。根据文章可知时态为一般过去时,设空处使 用he
12、ar的过去式。 3.surprise 句意:在和Charlie的父母沟通之后,Harris开始秘密地计划着给这个可怜的男孩子 一个大大的惊喜。设空处前是形容词,因此设空处填名词形式。 4.August 句意:一个月后,2016年8月的一天, Harris出现在了Charlie的教室里。 5.mind Harris问这个男孩:“你介意和我走一趟吗?”mind doing sth.介意做某事。 6.really 句意:Charlie被带到了陆军预备役中心,他真正梦想要去的地方。用副词修饰动词。 7.excited 句意:Charlie太激动了,以至于都说不出话来。too.to.太以至于不能。 8.
13、loudly/aloud Charlie举起了右手大声地重复誓词。 9.country 尽全力保护人民和祖国。country国家。 10.promise make a promise承诺。,三、(2018台州) 阅读下面的短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 At the end of the term, our ethics(伦理学)professor gave us a test. He had told us 1 (expect) one and had warned us it would be included in the final grade. Th
14、e test began. Sure enough, I was 2 confident that I finished all the questions after forty 3 (minute)except the very last one:What is the name of the woman who cleans the lecture hall? I thought it was 4 joke. Id seen the woman many times. Shed been working in the building for at least a year. She i
15、s short 5 dark hair, in her fifties, and wed even smiled at each other once or twice. But I didnt know 6 (she) name because Id never thought to ask her. I handed in my test and the last question 7 (leave)unansweredhoping the final result wouldnt be in- fluenced too 8 (bad) because of it. But then on
16、e student put up his hand. He hadnt finished the test, 9 . “Im just wondering,”he said.“Will it really change my grade if I dont com- plete that last question?” “Certainly,”our professor 10 (smile).“In your future jobs,.” Ive never forgotten that lesson. I also learned that the cleaners name was She
17、rry.,答案 语篇解读 我们的伦理学教授给我们进行了一次测试,测试的最后一题是:打扫报告厅的那 位妇女的名字叫什么?我认为这是玩笑,然而 1.to expect 设空处是非谓语动词,tell sb. to do sth., 因此使用动词不定式。 2.so 很确定,我非常自信以至于我四十分钟就完成了所有的题目,除了最后一个。so.that. 如此以至于。 3.minutes 设空处是可数名词,此处使用复数形式。 4.a 句意:我认为这是一个玩笑。设空处修饰可数名词单数joke,因此使用不定冠词a。 5.with 此处with意为“具有,带有”。 6.her 句意:但是我不知道她的名字,因为我从
18、来没有想过问她。设空处修饰其后的名词 name,因此使用形容词性物主代词。 7.was left 设空处的动词leave与主语the last question是被动关系,且时态是一般过去时。 8.badly 设空处修饰前面的动词,因此使用副词形式。 9.either 句意:他也没有完成试卷。否定句中的“也”使用either。 10.smiled 设空处是谓语动词,根据上下文,可知是一般过去时。,四、(2018嘉兴) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Have you ever heard of friendships among animals? At
19、 a zoo in Germany, an unusual friendship developed 1 a cat and a bear. No one is quite sure how the friendship first began. One day, some 2 (worker) in the zoo no- ticed a black cat was in the bears cage(笼子), and the two animals were playing together peaceful- ly. They were surprised 3 well the smal
20、l cat seemed to get along with the large bear. The bear keeper allowed the cat to stay with the bear. And later the pair and their unusual friendship 4 (become) a hot topic at the zoo. After several years, a new cage 5 (build) for the bear. However, the cat was still in the same cage, so it walked a
21、round 6 (angry) and cried to be with the bear. The bear keeper finally took pity on the cat 7 let it stay with the bear. The cat and the bear got 8 (close) than before. They often sat together and shared meals in 9 sun. Sometimes it may be natural for animals 10 (have) their own ideas about who woul
22、d make a good friend. These may surprise humans, who usually expect animals to form relationships with others of the same species.,答案 语篇解读 本篇文章讲述了一只猫和一只熊的友谊,它们在一起和睦相处,令人惊讶。 1.between 在德国的一家动物园,一段不同寻常的友谊在一只猫和一只熊之间产生了。本题 考查介词。 2.workers 一天, 动物园的一些工人注意到一只黑猫在熊的笼子里。本题考查名词。 3.how 句意:他们很惊讶这只小猫看起来与这只大熊相处得那样
23、好!本题考查副词。 4.became 句意:后来这对朋友和他们不同寻常的友谊成为动物园的热议话题。本题考查动 词。根据上下文可知要使用一般过去时。 5.was built build与主语a new cage是被动关系,因此使用一般过去时的被动语态。 6.angrily 本题考查副词修饰谓语动词walked around。 7.and 句意:熊的饲养员最后很怜悯猫,而后让它和熊待在一起。本题考查连词。 8.closer 句意:猫和熊比以前更加亲密。than提示设空处应为比较级。 9.the 句意:它们经常坐在一起,在阳光下分享食物。本题考查冠词。 10.to have It is+adj.+f
24、or sb. to do sth.。本题考查动词不定式。,五、(2017杭州)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 HitchBot Have you ever seen a hitchhiker(搭便车的旅行者)standing by the side of a road? Now drivers in Canada might see 1 unusual hitchhiker: a hitchhiking robot. One of its inventors, David Harris Smith, has hitched across Canada
25、three times. Smith and a friend, Frauke Zeller, have built HitchBot because they wanted 2 (see) if people would stop and give the robot a lift and talk to it. The robot can chat about things it has learned, and about 3 (it) trip. You might think its a joke, 4 Smith and Zellers experiment has a serio
26、us point: can robots and people get along? HitchBot 5 (begin) its journey in Nova Scotia in July. It has already completed a third of its 6, 000-mile trip to Victoria. More than 57,000 people are following its journey 6 (close) on Facebook and Twitter, and travelers have posted lots of 7 (photo) on
27、the websites. HitchBot has also done some shopping, eaten motor oil, and had fun with travelers. Nobody knows 8 it will finish its journey. It might be 9 (long) than expected, but Zeller and Smith want HitchBot to get 10 many rides as it can. It hasnt been in a self-driving car yet, but anything is
28、possible!,答案 语篇解读 本文讲述了HitchBot搭便车进行旅行的事情。他的设计者就是想看看人们是否 愿意让机器人搭便车并且和机器人交流。机器人和人类能够友好相处吗? 1.an 设空处后的unusual是以元音音素开头的单词,因此要用不定冠词an。 2.to see want to do sth.想做某事。 3.its 设空处后是一个名词,因此要使用形容词性物主代词。 4.but 前后两个分句之间是转折关系。 5.began 根据上下文,本句的时态是一般过去时。 6.closely follow closely的含义是“密切关注”。 7.photos 设空处前是lots of许多,
29、因此photo要使用复数形式。 8.when 句意:没有人知道它什么时候结束旅程。 9.longer 设空处后的than提示设空处要使用比较级形式。 10.as as.as one can尽可能,尽量。,六、(2017杭州)根据下列句子及所给的首字母,写出各单词的正确、完全形式(每空限填一词)。 1.Boys usually wear s on their feet inside their shoes. 2.Now, l very carefully to what the teacher says. 3.Coffee or tea? Coffee, please. I p coffee t
30、o tea. 4.She always wanted to sail across the Pacific O . 5.She has h her diary where nobody can find it. 6.I said congratulations, walked over to him and s his hand. 7.Your classroom is on the second floor and o is on the third floor. 8.Most of the children in my time liked to play together under t
31、hat big tree,e during the summer holidays when they had more free time. 9.Yang Liwei was the first Chinese astronaut in s . 10.A m is a person who plays an instrument or writes songs.,答案 1.socks 根据关键词feet和shoes可以得知答案。 2.listen 此处为祈使句,故用动词原形。 3.prefer prefer.to.相对于更喜欢。 4.Ocean 根据sail和Pacific可知答案。 5.h
32、idden 根据nobody can find it可知是藏起来了。 6.shook shake hands握手。根据本句谓语动词的时态可知设空处应为一般过去时。 7.ours 设空处的含义应为“我们的教室”,设空处后没有名词,因此使用名词性物主代词。 8.especially especially意为“尤其是”,符合句意。 9.space 根据Yang Liwei和astronaut可知答案。 10.musician 根据关键词plays an instrument和writes songs可知答案。,七、(2017温州) 根据短文内容和所给中文提示,用单词的正确形式完成以下短文。 Why
33、are some animals pets and others lunch? In some countries, dogs and cats are commonly considered as pets, while chickens,ducks, and 1 (猪) are food. However, in some other countries dogs and cats are food, and the food animals are pets. People 2 (分开,将分成) animals into several kinds to their own needs.
34、 For example, you may have 3 (朋友) who keep rabbits as pets. Some people 4 (烹饪) rabbits as dishes. Peo- ple treat a rabbit as a pet because it 5 (带来) them pleasure. They eat it, for they think it is a kind of meat. They kill it because they believe it is 6 (有害的) to plants or people. People also treat
35、 animals differently based on their own cultures. Most of us have dogs as pets. Dogs live in our house, like a 7 (成员) of the family. However, in some cultures, dogs are con- sidered unclean.People 8 (几乎不) ever keep them as pets. In some parts of Southeast Asia, dogs are on the menu. 9 (百万) of dogs a
36、re killed every year. Whats 10 (正确的) and wrong in the way we treat animals?,答案 语篇解读 为什么一些动物是宠物,而其他动物作为午餐?本文讲述了不同的国家因文化不 同,动物的命运也各不相同。 1.pigs 句意:在一些国家,狗和猫被普遍认为是宠物,而鸡、鸭和猪则是食物。 2.divide divide.into.把分成。 3.friends 句意:举例来说,你可能有把兔子当作宠物的朋友。 4.cook 句意:一些人把兔子当作菜肴来烹饪。主语为复数,谓语动词应与主语保持一致,此处 是一般现在时,故填cook。 5.bri
37、ngs 句意:人们把兔子作为宠物对待因为它带给他们快乐。注意主语是第三人称单数。 6.harmful 句意:他们杀死它因为他们认为它对植物或人们有害。 7.member 句意:狗住在我们的房子里,就像家庭的一个成员。 8.hardly 句意:人们几乎不把它们当作宠物。 9.Millions 句意:每年数百万的狗被杀死。millions of 数以百万计的。 10.right/correct 句意:我们对待动物的正确和错误的方式是什么呢?,八、(2017宁波) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 A man got lost in a desert. He
38、walked for two 1 (day) but he still couldnt find his way out.Dy- ing for water, he found 2 empty house in the desert. There was a water pump(泵)in the house! The man was so happy 3 he ran to draw water. But no matter how hard he tried, no water came out. He 4 (sit) sadly on the ground when he saw a l
39、ittle bottle with a cork(软木塞)in it. On the bot- tle, there was an old note saying:You must add the water into the pump before you can draw water! Dont forget 5 (fill)it with water again before you leave!The man took the cork out and 6 (happy)found the bottle was full of water! “If Im selfish,as long
40、 as I drink the water, I can go out 7 this room alive,”he thought,“If I do as the note said, I might die of thirst. Should I take the risk or not?” At last, he decided to do as the note said 8 began to draw water. Lots of water started coming out from the pump! 9 a big surprise! After he 10 (drink)
41、enough, he filled the bottle with water and added his words after the note. “Believe me, do as the note tells you!”he wrote.,答案 语篇解读 一个人迷失在沙漠,口渴难耐的时候发现了空房子里的水泵,但是他无论如何无 法得到水,后来他发现了一个装满水的瓶子,并且有一张纸条 1.days 根据设空处前的two可知,可数名词day需要使用复数形式。 2.an 设空处后的empty是以元音音素开头的单词,因此使用不定冠词an。 3.that so.that.如此以至于。 4.sat
42、 根据上下文可知应用一般过去时。 5.to fill forget to do sth.忘记要做某事,故应填to fill。 6.happily 设空处修饰动词found,因此应为副词。 7.of go out of. 从出来。 8.and 设空处前后是顺承关系,因此用连词and。 9.What 设空处所在的句子是感叹句,修饰其后的名词surprise,因此用what。 10.drank/had drunk 设空处可以使用一般过去时,也可以说是“过去的过去”,“喝水”的动 作发生在“装满水”的动作之前。,九、(2017湖州) 根据短文内容和所给中文提示,在空白处写出正确的单词。每空限填一词。
43、Hi, guys!Listen, if you want to succeed in doing business, I have some useful suggestions for you. First, you should wear smart 1 (衣服)and behave well. Wear a nice suit and a 2 (领带),and you should be sure to arrive on time for a meeting, OK? When you first meet the customer, you should give him your
44、business card and you shouldnt 3 (忘记)his namethats important. If he is Ben, dont call him Ken; if he is Ken, dont call him Ben. They dont like that kind of thing.4 (假定)youre a smoker. Well, then, when you 5 (出席)a meeting, you shouldnt smoke during it. And you should always be 6 (有礼貌的).Remember to sa
45、y “Please”,“Thank you”,“Excuse me”and “Sorry”. Now, its important that you make friends with the customers, but you shouldnt tell them your 7 (整个的)life story. They dont want to hear that. And 8 (最后)dont talk all the time. You should always listen to the customer. Is that clear?Try to follow all the
46、above, guys!Im sure luck will 9 (敲)at your door!,答案 语篇解读 本文讲述了如何在生意场上获得成功的几条建议。 1.clothes 根据汉语提示答案为clothes。 2.tie 根据设空处前的不定冠词a,可知应该使用单数形式。 3.forget 设空处前是情态动词shouldnt,因此要使用动词原形。 4.Suppose 设空处为动词,注意首字母要大写。 5.attend 此处attend a meeting参加会议。 6.polite 此处be polite有礼貌的。 7.whole whole意为“整个的”。 8.finally 设空处为副
47、词。 9.knock 此处knock敲。,十、(2016绍兴) 阅读下面短文,然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式(每空一词) Many museums house works of art, and some have valuable pieces that can never be replaced. These museums give the 1 (公众)a chance to enjoy their treasures. In the past, people could 2 (几乎不)talk when visiting museums. Today, rules are
48、nt as strict, but following some 3 (基 本的)rules is still necessary. Respect(尊重)the space *Keep the museum space clean and throw away all rubbish. * 4 (避免)standing against walls and watch where you walk. *No food is allowed. Finish 5 (吃)all the food before entering the museum. Respect the art *No touc
49、hing the art. Hands, 6 (手指)or any body part should never come into contact with the artwork. (Someone thinks a small touch wont hurt the artwork, but imagine how those “touch- es” would add up with 7 (百)or thousands of visitors every day.),*No flash photos. Bright lights can be 8 (有害的)to the art. Respect other visitors *Complete silence isnt necessary, but talk in a low 9 (说话声). *Stand in lines while buying tickets or waiting.Follow the rules 10 (在上面). It can make everyones museum experience safe and en- joyable.,
