1、Unit 15 Learning学习,考纲知识预览,重点单词,1 vt.简化 adj.简单的，易懂的 2. v怀疑 n嫌疑犯，被怀疑的人 adj.可疑的 adj.(对)起疑心的；令人起疑的 n怀疑，疑心 3 v教导，指导 n教育，指导 adj.有益的，有教育意义的,simplify,simple,suspect,suspect,suspicious,suspicion,instruct,instruction,instructive,考纲知识预览,4 n作业；任务，工作 vt.分配；指定，任命5 adj.可选择的，另类的 n选择，替代物6 n惩罚，处罚 vt.惩罚7 vt.反映；反射 n反射；
2、反省；想法8 adj.少量的，微小的 adv.稍微地，微小地,assignment,assign,alternative,alternative,punishment,punish,reflect,reflection,slight,slightly,考纲知识预览,9 v误解 n误解，误会 v理解，懂10 n接近或进入之路 adj.(场所)易到达的，(事物)易到手的，(人)易接近的11 adj.值得的 adj.值得努力的 adj.值，值得12 v缺乏，缺少，没有 n缺乏；匮乏；短缺 adj.没有的，缺乏的,misunderstand,misunderstanding,understand,ac
3、cess,accessible,worthy,worthwhile,worth,lack,lack,lacking,考纲知识预览,13 vt.忽视，不管，不理会 n无知 无知的，愚昧的14 v使适应，改编，改造 adj.有适应能力的 n改编本，改写本15 v鼓舞，鼓励 n灵感，给予鼓舞(激励)之人/事16 adj.传统的，保守的 n惯例，习俗,ignore,ignorance,ignorant,adapt,adaptable,adaptation,inspire,inspiration,conventional,convention,考纲知识预览,17 adj.有用的，有益的 n& v利益；对
4、有益，受惠18 vt.假定，假设 n假定，假设19 n欣赏 vt.重视，鉴赏，感激20 v感到遗憾；惋惜 adj.失望的，令人惋惜的,beneficial,benefit,assume,assumption,appreciation,appreciate,regret,regretful,考纲知识预览,高频短语,1 老实说，说实话 2 裁员；解雇 3 发呆 4 充满 5 除之外 6 关掉(的)开关 7 行为不检点，品行不端,frankly speaking,lay off,go blank,swell with,aside from,loose conduct,switch off,考纲知识预
5、览,8 在某种程度上 9 出发 10 延期，推迟 11 习惯于 12 经常做，倾向于 13 赞成，赞许 14 总的来说 15 最后，总之,to a certain extent,set off,put off,be accustomed to,tend to,approve of,as a whole,in conclusion,考纲知识预览,常考句型,1Now Im the School of Continuing Education at Qinghua University with a Bachelors Degree in Computer Engineering by distan
6、ce learning. 现在，我就要从清华大学继续教育学院远程计算机工程专业毕业，获得学士学位。,about to graduate from,考纲知识预览,2In the past，if someone like me to get into university through the college exam，he no chance of getting a degree. 过去，像我这样高考失败而没有进入大学的人是没有机会拿到学位的。3I decided that it was time I an Internet user. 我觉得是成为互联网用户的时候了。,had failed
7、,would have had,became,考纲知识预览,4Anyway，its time now. 不管怎样，我现在得走了。 5.I difficult at school. 在上学时，我本不该这么叛逆 6Sometimes I wish I him and ask for his opinion! 有时我真希望能给他打个电话问问他的意见！,could phone,shouldnt have been so,for me to go,名师一线讲坛,1. worthwhile adj. 值得努力的，值得花钱的，值得花时间的 （1）It is worthwhile to do/doing st
8、h.值得做某事 （2）worth adj.值得 be worth doing值得做 It is worth ones while to do/doing.值得做,名师一线讲坛,（3）worthy adj.值得的 be worthy of+n.值得的 be worthy to be done/of being done值得做,名师一线讲坛,It is worthwhile to see the film/seeing the film. 这部电影值得一看。 The work is well worth mentioning. 这项工作很值得一提。 His deed is worthy to be
9、 praised/of being praised. 他的行为值得称赞。,名师一线讲坛,【注意】 (1)worthwhile常用于It is worthwhile doing/to do sth.句型中，表示做某事是值得的，但不能说sth.is worthwhile doing。 (2)worth常用“be well worth doing”表示“很值得做”，不用very。 (3)be worth doing中doing是主动形式表示被动含义，不可用being done。,名师一线讲坛,即时训练,1.It is not_to discuss the question again and aga
10、in. Aworth Bworthy Cworthwhile Dworth while 解析：选C。由worth的用法可知，此句只适合词组be worthwhile to do sth.。,名师一线讲坛,2The museum is_visiting. Aworth of Bworthy Cworth Dworthy to 解析：选C。be worth doing意为“值得做某事”。,名师一线讲坛,2. suspect vt.& n 怀疑；不信任；嫌疑犯；可疑对象adj. 可疑的；不可靠的 suspect sth.怀疑某事 suspect thatclause怀疑 suspect sb.of（
11、doing）sth.怀疑某人有某种罪行或做过某事 suspect sb.to be.猜想某人是,名师一线讲坛,I began to suspect(that)they were trying to get rid of me. 我开始怀疑他们试图摆脱我。 They suspect him of murder. 他们怀疑他犯有谋杀罪。 What made you suspect her of having taken the money? 你凭什么怀疑钱是她偷的？ The police arrested the suspect yesterday. 警方昨天逮捕了那个嫌疑犯。,名师一线讲坛,即时
12、训练,3Johnson was taken away by police yesterday. Sure.It is said that he was _ of a theft. Acharged Bsuspected Cinnocent Dguilty 解析：选B。be suspected of“被怀疑”。与charge搭配的介词是with；innocent，guilty与句意不吻合。,名师一线讲坛,3. alternative adj. 可选择的；另类的n(两者或两者以上)选择；二选其一；可供选择的东西；替代物 alternative energy可替代能源 an alternative
13、to.的替代品 have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做,名师一线讲坛,Im afraid I have no alternative but to report you to the police. 恐怕除了向警方告发你以外，我是别无选择了。(朗文P39) The only alternative to being taken prisoner was to die fighting. 除了当俘虏之外，唯一的选择就是奋战至死了。(朗文P39) We had to fight；there was no(other)alternative. 我们必须战斗
14、，此外别无选择。(朗文P39),名师一线讲坛,即时训练,4I offered the_suggestion of spending the vacation in the mountains or by the sea. Aalternative Banother Cother Dothers 解析：选A。alternative“两者择一的”，其他的无此用法。,名师一线讲坛,4. lack vt.& vi. 缺乏，缺少，没有n 缺乏，没有，缺少的东西 lacking adj. 没有的，缺乏的；不足的 for lack of因缺乏 a lack of 缺少 have no lack of不缺乏
15、lack for nothing一无所缺 be lacking in.在方面缺乏 lack money/courage缺钱/缺乏勇气,名师一线讲坛,A lack of food caused her to grow weak. 缺少食物导致她变得很弱。 We still lack the necessary information. 我们仍缺少必要的信息。 We cannot discuss the details now for lack of time. 因时间有限，我们现在无法讨论细节。 She lacked the confidence to make friends. 她缺乏交朋友的
16、信心。,名师一线讲坛,思维拓展,be short of缺乏，缺少 run short of sth.把某物即将用尽 sth.runs short不足、短缺,名师一线讲坛,即时训练,5Though_natural resources，the area is well developed. Alacked Blacking of Clacking Dlacked in 解析：选C。lacking为现在分词与though连用作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句：Though the area lacks natural resources。句意：尽管缺乏自然资源，该地区仍很发达。,名师一线讲坛,5. re
17、gret vt. 懊悔；遗憾；惋惜 n 懊悔；遗憾；惋惜 regret doing sth.后悔做过某事 regret to do sth.（regret to say/inform/tell.） 对要做的事感到抱歉（遗憾地说/通知/告诉） I regret that.很遗憾 with（great/deep）regret（非常）遗憾,名师一线讲坛,It is to be regretted that. 可惜的是，令人遗憾的是 regret at sth.对某事遗憾/失望 much to ones regret使某人深感遗憾的是,名师一线讲坛,Later on，I regretted my de
18、cision not to take the job. 后来，我后悔没有接受这个职务。(朗文P1266) Weve always deeply regretted selling the farm. 我们一直为卖掉了这个农场后悔不已。(朗文P1266),名师一线讲坛,I regret that I will be unable to attend. 很遗憾，我不能参加。(朗文P1266) We regret to inform you that you owe the bank 100. 我们很遗憾地告诉你，你欠银行一百英镑。(朗文P1266),名师一线讲坛,即时训练,6You were br
19、ave enough to raise objections at the meeting. Well，now I regret_ that. Ato do Bto be doing C.to have done Dhaving done 解析：选D。regret doing/having done something后悔做过某事。,名师一线讲坛,6. access n 接近，进入，通路；接近(或进入)的方法，到达(或进入，使用，走访)的权利(或机会) vt. 存(数据)；取(数据)；存取；访问；接近，使用 accessible adj. 可到达的，可进入的，可理解的,名师一线讲坛,acces
20、s to接近的机会，进入的权利 have/get/gain/obtain access to 得以接近，得以会见，得以进入 give access to接见，准许进入 be accessible to易接近的；能进入；易受影响；可以理解,名师一线讲坛,He gained access to/into the building through the window. 他通过窗户进入大楼。 I had no access to education when I was young. 我小时候没有受教育的机会。 The old man is easy of access.那老人很容易接近。 An o
21、penminded person is accessible to reasons. 虚心的人易于服理。 The village is not accessible by car. 那个村子汽车无法抵达。,名师一线讲坛,即时训练,7完成句子 (1)The island is only_by boat. 答案：accessible,名师一线讲坛,(2)Cats should always have _ to fresh water. 答案：access,名师一线讲坛,8He succeeded in making a difficult subject accessible_the reader
22、s. Awith Bto Cfor Dby 解析：选B。句意：他成功地把一个棘手的题目变得易于读者理解。be accessible to. 在此表示“易于理解”。,名师一线讲坛,7. assume v 假定，假设；承担，取得(权力)，就(职)；呈现；认为；装出；行使；担任，承担 assumption n 假定；设想 assume sb./sth.to be.假设，假定某人/某事为 on the assumption that假定 make assumptions about臆断，假定 assuming（that）.=supposing/suppose（that）. 假定,名师一线讲坛,If h
23、es not here in five minutes，well assume(that)he isnt coming. 要是他再过五分钟还不来，我们就认为他是不来了。(朗文P73) You will assume your new responsibilities tomorrow. 你明天就任新职。(朗文P73),名师一线讲坛,We are working on the assumption that everyone invited will turn up. 我们假定了每一个人都会应邀出席并正就此作出安排。 Assuming(that)youre right about this，wh
24、at shall we do? 假定在这件事情上你是对的，那我们该怎么办？(朗文P73),名师一线讲坛,即时训练,9完成句子 (1)Let us_(假设)for a moment that the plan succeeds. 答案：assume,名师一线讲坛,(2)We need to challenge some of the basic_(假设)of western philosophy. 答案：assumptions,名师一线讲坛,8. adapt v 使适应；改编，改造 adapt（oneself）to.使适应 adapt.for.将改编为 adapt from.根据改编,名师一线讲
25、坛,These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes. 这些式样可以修改，以适应个人不同爱好。 Three of her novels have been adapted for television. 她的长篇小说中有三部已改编成电视节目。,名师一线讲坛,比较网站,adapt，adjust (1)adapt指修改或改变，使某物或某人做些改变以适应新的条件。 (2)adjust指借正当的判断或熟练的技巧进行“调整、调节”，以使两者互相适应。 Most of these tools have been specially adapted
26、for use by disabled people. 这些工具多数已经过特别改装，供残疾人使用。(牛津P19) It took her a while to adjust to living alone. 她过了一段时间才适应单身生活。,名师一线讲坛,即时训练,10翻译句子 (1)她很快适应了这种新气候。 _ 答案：She adapted(herself)quickly to the new climate.,名师一线讲坛,(2)这本小说已被改编成剧本。 _ 答案：This play has been adapted from a novel.,名师一线讲坛,9. ignore vt. 忽视
27、，不管，不理会 ignore sb./sth.不理睬某人/不理会某事 be in ignorance（of/about sth.）（对某事物的）无知 be ignorant （of/about sth.）（对某事物）不了解/无知 be ignorant that.不知某事 She ignored him and carried on with her work. 她没理他，继续干她的活。,名师一线讲坛,比较网站,ignore，overlook，neglect (1)ignore指有意从开始就不理睬。 (2)overlook指由于不注意或胸怀宽大而忽略其他人的过错。,名师一线讲坛,(3)negl
28、ect“忽略，疏忽”，指没做到该做的事情或没尽到应尽的责任。 The government would be unwise to ignore the growing dissatisfaction with its economic policies. 政府忽视对其经济政策的日益增长的不满是不明智的。(朗文P756) He seems to have overlooked one important fact. 他好像忽略了一个重要的事实。(牛津P1229),名师一线讲坛,The buildings have been neglected for years. 这些大楼多年来一直无人看管。(
29、牛津P1156),名师一线讲坛,即时训练,11At that time I_events going on elsewhere，after all，because I was a little boy. Awas ignorant of Bwas in ignorance Cwas ignorant in Dwas ignorance of 解析：选A。be ignorant of和be in ignorance of两者的意思都为“无知，不知道”，根据句意和句子结构以及所给的选项来做出正确的选择。,名师一线讲坛,1用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 He likes _(art)so much a
30、nd he wants to become an_(art) 答案：art；artist,单词巧记,名师一线讲坛,归纳与比较：n.(或al结尾的形容词)ist,名师一线讲坛,2用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 There is an_ (end)to life，but learning is_(end) 答案：end；endless,名师一线讲坛,归纳与比较：n./v.less,名师一线讲坛,10. aside from 除之外 Aside from that one little problem，the day was perfect. 除了那个小问题外，那天过得好极了。,名师一线讲坛,思维拓展
31、,except for除之外(没有),名师一线讲坛,except/but除之外(没有) except that从句 除之外 In addition to his job at the university，hes now running his own research company. 除了他在大学的工作以外，他现在还经营自己的研究公司。 The house was just as I left it except that everything was covered with dust. 除了积满灰尘外，这所房子与我离开时没什么两样。,名师一线讲坛,即时训练,12The city，_be
32、ing an industrial centre，enjoys a high moral record. Aas to Bdue to Cin fact Daside from 解析：选D。as to关于；due to由于；in fact事实上；aside from意为“除之外”，符合句意。句意：这座城市不仅是一个工业中心，道德风气也一向很好。,名师一线讲坛,11. to a certain extent 在某种程度上 to some extent在某种程度上 to a great/large extent在很大程度上 to such an extent/to the extent that
33、达到如此程度/达到的程度 to what extent.在多大程度上,名师一线讲坛,I agree with you to a certain extent. 在某种程度上，我同意你的观点。 To a certain extent，we are all responsible for this tragic situation. 我们都在一定程度上对这悲惨的局面负有责任。,名师一线讲坛,即时训练,13完成句子(1)我们丢掉合同在某种程度上是我的错。 _it was my fault that we lost the contract. 答案：To a certain extent,名师一线讲坛
34、,(2)暴力事件多到了令居民不敢出门的程度。 Violence increased_that residents were afraid to leave their homes. 答案：to the extent,名师一线讲坛,(3)对于这种信息缺乏的状况，我们能在多大程度上指责政府呢？ _can we blame the government for this lack of information? 答案：To what extent,名师一线讲坛,12. lay off (尤其指在生意萧条期临时性地)解雇(雇员)；停止，中止；戒绝 lay sth.aside储存某物待用 lay out
35、展开；布置；花费 lay on提供，安排 lay the blame on.责怪/责备 lay stress/emphasis on.强调,名师一线讲坛,During the recession they laid us off for three months. 在营业衰退时期，他们停雇了我们三个月。(朗文P857) Youd better lay off(alcohol)for a while. 你最好戒绝(喝酒)一个时期。(朗文P857) Lay off hitting me! 住手，别打我了！(朗文P857),名师一线讲坛,思维拓展,(1)lay(laid；laid；laying)放置
36、；产(卵) (2)lie(lay；lain；lying)躺；位于 (3)lie(lied；lied；lying)说谎 (4)lay既是“放置、产(卵)”的原形，又是“躺、位于”的过去式(还可作形容词“外行的”)。lying既是“躺、位于”的现在分词，又是“说谎”的现在分词。,名师一线讲坛,即时训练,14完成句子 (1)她设法每周从薪水中存上几个英镑。 Shed managed to_a few pounds each week from her wages. 答案：lay aside,名师一线讲坛,(2)双方开始想方设法互相指责。Both sides started trying to_eac
37、h other. 答案：lay the blame on,名师一线讲坛,(3)哈里下岗6个月了。 Harry was_for six months. 答案：laid off,名师一线讲坛,(4)把地图铺在桌上，让我们看一下。 _the map on the table and lets have a look. 答案：Lay out,名师一线讲坛,13. be accustomed to 习惯于 be accustomed（used）to（doing）sth.习惯于（表状态） become/get accustomed（=used）to（doing）sth. 习惯于（表动作） accustom
38、 oneself/sb.to（doing）sth. 使自己/某人习惯于,名师一线讲坛,Painting barns red is an accustomed practice. 仓房刷成红色是一种习俗。 He has become accustomed to the way the teacher gives lectures. 他已经习惯了那个老师的讲课方式。 You must accustom yourself to the new environment. 你必须使自己适应新环境。,名师一线讲坛,即时训练,15The trains_the travelers who want to go
39、 to the other places. Aare accustomed to carrying Bget used to carry Cget accustomed to carry Dare used to carry,名师一线讲坛,解析：选D。此句为一被动语态的句子，are/get accustomed/used to doing sth.习惯于做某事；are accustomed to do没有这一用法；be used to do sth.被用来做某事。,名师一线讲坛,14. approve of 赞成，赞许 approve sth.核准（批准）某事 approve of sb./s
40、th.赞成某人（某事） approve of sb.s doing sth.同意某人做某事 The minister approved the building plan. 部长批准了这项建筑计划。 Do you approve of my idea? 你同意我的想法吗？ Mother doesnt approve of her smoking. 母亲不赞成她吸烟。,名师一线讲坛,即时训练,16She _to have lunch with her friend，saying that she wasnt feeling well. Adeclined Bresigned Ctended Da
41、pproved 解析：选A。decline婉拒。句意：她说自己身体不舒服就婉言谢绝了和朋友共进午餐。resign辞职；tend易于，倾向于；approve赞同，同意。,名师一线讲坛,15.【教材原句】 Now Im about to graduate from the School of Continuing Education at QingHua University. 现在，我就要从清华大学继续教育学院毕业 【句法分析】 be about to do sth.意为：即将；正要。这个结构表示动作即将发生；在be about to do sth.后不能接表示具体时间的时间状语(如：on Su
42、nday；in 2009等)，但可以接when引导的时间状语从句。,名师一线讲坛,be about to do sth.when.意为“正要干这时”。 I was about to go out when the telephone rang. 我正要出门，这时电话铃响了。 The meeting was about to be held when it began to rain. 会议正要开始，这时开始下雨了。,名师一线讲坛,即时训练,17I was about to go to bed _ I heard someone knocking at the door. Awhile Bas
43、Cwhen Dbefore 解析：选C。be about to do sthwhen.正要干这时。句意：我正要上床睡觉，这时我听见有人在敲门。,名师一线讲坛,16.【教材原句】 Sometimes I wish I could phone him and ask for his opinion! 有时我真希望能给他打个电话问问他的意见！ 【句法分析】 I wish I could.我真希望能。,名师一线讲坛,I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year round. 但愿北京全年都是秋天。 He wished he had not lost the
44、 chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。 I wish it would stop raining. 但愿雨能停住。,名师一线讲坛,即时训练,18翻译句子 (1)我希望我是一只小鸟。 _ 答案：I wish I were a little bird.,名师一线讲坛,(2)他真希望他没做那件事。 _ 答案：He wishes he hadnt done that.,名师一线讲坛,17.【教材原句】 .I shouldnt have been so difficult at school. 我在上学时本不该这么叛逆 【句法分析】 shouldnt have done意为“本不应该(有时含有责怪之意
45、)”。 Look，Toms crying.I shouldnt have been angry at him. 看，汤姆在哭，我本不应该对他发火。,名师一线讲坛,You should not have said such a thing to him. 你本不应该跟他讲这样的事。(事实上已经讲了) You should not have left college so early. 你本不应该这样早就中断大学学业。,名师一线讲坛,思维拓展,情态动词的完成式可表示对过去的虚拟或猜测： (1)need have done表示必须做的事没做；neednt have done表示不必做的事而做了。 You neednt have spent so much time on the problem. 你本不必在这个问题上花费这么长时间。,
