1、第 1 页 共 157 页人教版高中英语必修 4 内容全解话题素材人物传记好词1.diligent adj. 勤奋的2.distinguished adj. 杰出的；著名的3.personality n. 个性；品格4.active adj. 积极的；活跃的5.educated adj. 受过教育的；有教养的6.have_a_gift_for 有天赋7.devote oneself to 投身于8.be interested in 对感兴趣9.be_honored_as. 被誉为10.with great determination and perseverance 凭着极大的决心和毅力11.
2、make a great contribution to 对作出巨大贡献12.be enthusiastic about 对热心13.achieve/realize ones dream 实现某人的梦想14.set sb. a good example 给某人树立好榜样第 2 页 共 157 页15.go abroad for further studies 出国深造佳句1.Famous_as_she_is,_she cares little for money and fame.虽然她很有名，但她却不计名利。2.Completely devoted_to_the_people,_he gav
3、e his life in saving his patients.他忠于人民，把毕生精力都用于挽救患者的生命。3.In_a_word,_Madame Curie is_regarded_as one of the greatest scientists, who is also the first scientist in the world to_win_two_Nobel_Prizes.总之，居里夫人被认为是最伟大的科学家之一，也是世界上首位获得两次诺贝尔奖的科学家。精美语篇Born into a rich family in Shanghai， Song Qingling not on
4、ly got a good education but also went to study in the USA. In 1915， she married Dr Sun Yatsen， who had a great influence on China.Later， she was made an honorary president of the Peoples Republic of China. Being kindhearted and easygoing for her whole life， she devoted herself to the welfare of wome
5、n and children in later years. She started the China Welfare Institute， which is intended to serve women and children now. Whats more， she also led the Womens Federation and worked hard for civil rights， democracy and peace. Having made great contributions to the welfare of women and children in Chi
6、na， she is highly thought of by the world.In a word， she is such a great woman that I think we all should learn from her.高频单词1respect (vt . sleeping2One important thing she discovered was _ chimps hunt and eat meat.答案：that3She spent years _ (observe) and recording their daily activities.答案：observing
7、4She had helped to set up special places _ they can live safely.答案：where5_(follow) Janes way of studying chimps, our group _ (be) all going to visit them in the forest.答案：Following; are6_(watch) a family of chimps wake up _ (be) our first activity of the day.答案：Watching; is第 6 页 共 157 页7By chance I
8、came _ an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, _ specialist in womens diseases.答案：across; a8Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the tree _ the family began to wake up and move off.答案：while9I realized that the text _ (intend) for women in the countryside.答案：was intended10It was a small boo
9、k _ (explain) how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies.答案：explaining1 behave vt. observe 细观察，一时注意 notice。第 9 页 共 157 页3 respect vt.尊敬，尊重 n敬意；方面For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. (P2)4
10、0 年来，简古道尔一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。归纳拓展(1)respect sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而尊重某人(2)show/have respect for. 尊重give/send ones respect to sb. 问候某人out of respect for sb. 出于对某人的尊敬(3)in respect ofwith respect to 就而言；关于；至于in the respect/in some respects 在这方面/在某些方面(4)respectable adj. 可敬的；值得尊敬的；体面的respectful adj.
11、 有礼貌的；恭敬的respective adj. 各自的；分别的语境助记Respect_yourself,_or no one else will respect you.谚君须自敬，人乃敬之。Students should show_respect_for their teachers.学生要尊敬老师。Chinese children grow up with warnings not to waste a single grain of rice, out_of_respect for farmers labor.中国的孩子在很小的时候就受到不能浪费每一粒粮食的教育，这是出于对农民劳动的尊
12、重。第 10 页 共 157 页2016全国卷It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with_respect_to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.(建造自己的理想花园前) 首先你要正视自己，了解对于自然界而言自己的角色以及照料花园的方法。4 argue vi. in common10Everything _， they ought to have another chance.答案：taken into
13、consideration1 Only_after_her_mother _came_to_help_her for the first few months was_she_allowed_to_ begin her project.(P2)她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。归纳拓展(1)该句为“only 状语”置于句首时，句子使用部分倒装的用法。only 置于句首修饰作状语的副第 20 页 共 157 页词或介词短语时，句子要倒装。only 置于句首修饰状语从句时， 主句要用部分倒装语序，从句不用倒装语序。(2)含有否定意义的副词或连词，如 never, not, no
14、t only, little, seldom, hardly, not until, neither, nor, no sooner 等放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装形式，即把助动词、情态动词或连系动词置于主语之前。需要注意的是，在 no sooner.than.和 hardly.when.引导的句子中，主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时。语境助记2016全国卷Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Garza finally say yes.在一年的友好讨论之后，加尔扎女士才最终同意了。Not only did_he_read_the
15、_book,_but also he remembered what he had read.他不仅读了这本书，而且他还记住他所读的内容了。Hardly_had_the_bell_rung when the students rushed out of the classroom.铃一响，学生们就冲出了教室。2016全国卷Only_people who know the keyword can read the message.只有知道密码的人们才能读懂这个信息。2 Suddenly it_hit_me how difficult it was for a woman to get medic
16、al training at that time. (P6)我突然想起在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么困难啊。归纳拓展句中使用了“It hit(s) me 从句”结构，意思是“我突然想到”，it 在句中作形式主语。类似的结构还有：It occurs to sb. that. 某人突然想到It strikes sb. that. 某人突然想到It happens that. 碰巧第 21 页 共 157 页语境助记It_hit_me_that I had my keys locked in the room.我突然意识到我把钥匙锁在屋里了。It_didnt_occur_to_us that wa
17、lking was a hardship.我们从未想过步行会成为一种困难。It_struck_me that I was looking at a lot of wasted time and money.我忽然感到自己看到的是大量的时间和金钱被浪费。It_happened_that they spent their childhood in the same village.碰巧他们的童年是在同一个村子度过的。过关演练.单句语法填空在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。1_when I left my brother to go to college did I rea
18、lize how much I loved him.答案：Only 考查倒装句的用法。根据句子中“did I realize”可知，此句为倒装句，因此空格处应为引出倒装的条件。2_the rivers are polluted, it takes many years for the ecosystem in them to recover.答案：Once 考查连词用法。根据句意可知，此处表示条件，once 意为“一旦” 。3It is not when to do it but how to do it _ is of great importance.答案：that 考查强调句型。强调的是
19、句子的主语，且主语被 “not.but.”连接。4Mr Black came back _ (drink) that night.答案：drunk 考查分词作状语。drunk 此处可视为形容词在句中作伴随状语。句意：布莱克先第 22 页 共 157 页生那晚上醉醺醺地回来。5_ occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.答案：It 考查固定句式。It occurred to sb. that 意为 “某人突然想到”。句意：他突然想到第二天上午他要参加一个重要的会议。.完成句子1_
20、， its very difficult for you to get rid of it.一旦养成了坏习惯，你就很难改掉它。答案：Once you form a bad habit2_ that I should turn to my teacher for help.我突然想起我应该向老师求助。答案：It suddenly occurs to me/It suddenly hits/strikes me3Only after the war broke out _.只有在战争爆发后，人们才意识到和平的重要性。答案：did people realize the importance of p
21、eace主谓一致概念：主谓一致是指句子中的谓语在人称、数及意义方面要与作主语的名词或代词保持一致。主谓一致的三个原则：主谓一致分为语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。1语法一致原则语法一致指的是主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语也用复数。第 23 页 共 157 页He likes watching TV while we like playing football.2意义一致原则意义一致是指主语和谓语根据意思上的单、复数确定其一致关系。主语意义为复数，谓语用复数；主语意义是单数，谓语用单数。A new steel works is being built in
22、 my hometown now.No man and no animal is to be found on the moon. 3就近一致原则就近一致原则是指当主语有两个或两个以上时，谓语动词根据靠近它的主语确定其人称和数的形式，但 as well as, rather than 等连接主语时除外。Neither the students nor the teacher is interested in it.The teacher as well as the students likes the painting.集合名词作主语时的主谓一致1通常用作复数的集合名词，如：police，p
23、eople, cattle 等作主语时，谓语要用复数。Be calm, the police are coming.2只用作单数的不可数集合名词，如：clothing, poetry, baggage/luggage, furniture, scenery, jewellery, information, equipment 等作主语时，其后谓语动词要用单数。Much equipment is needed in our lab.3既可以表单数意义也可表复数意义的集合名词，如：family, group, class, grade, team, army, nation, crowd, pop
24、ulation, company，government ，committee等作主语时，根据其代表的意义决定。即表示整体意义时，谓语动词要用单数；表示个体意义时，谓语动词要用复数。Our class is better than any other class at playing football in our school.(强调整体)His family are waiting for him to come back from abroad.(强调个体)过关演练第 24 页 共 157 页单句语法填空用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1It is important to remember
25、that success _ (be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often _ (take) years to achieve.答案：is; takes 考查主谓一致。两空的主语均是 success 且表抽象意义“成功”，故都应用单数形式。2Either you or one of your students _ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.答案：is 考查主谓一致。either.or 连接主语，谓语遵循就近原则，故此处应和主语 one of your students
26、 一致，又由后面的 is 可知应用一般现在时，所以用 is。3My family _ (be) the largest one in our village.Besides, my family _ (be) all party members.答案：is ；are 考查主谓一致。第一空 family 指整体，故谓语用单数；第二空 family 指个体成员，故谓语用复数。4To learn one or two foreign languages _ (be) very important nowadays.答案：is 考查主谓一致。不定式作主语，谓语用单数。5The League Secre
27、tary and monitor _ (ask) to make a speech at the meeting last week.答案：was asked 考查主谓一致及动词时态和语态。 “then.andn.” 作主语时，谓语用单数，且 ask 与主语之间为被动关系，又根据 last week 可确定答案是 was asked。.阅读理解(建议用时 16)AWho do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams (18601935)Addams helped the poor and
28、worked for peace. She provided shelters ， education opportunities W1第 25 页 共 157 页and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel W2Peace Prize.Rachel Carson (19071964 )Rachel Carson was born in the rural river town of Springdale, Pennsylvania in Ame
29、rica. The W3popular book Silent Spring by Rachel Carson in 1962 made people realize the dangers and the harmful W4effects of pollution on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans.Angela Merkel (1954)In 2005, Germans chose Angela Merkel as their first woman head of the country. She had been a scient
30、ist in the past. As Germanys leader, she has had an effect on the whole world.P1Sandra Day OConnor (1930)When Sandra Day OConnor finished her class at Stanford Law School in 1952, she could not find work because she was a woman. However, she became the first woman to join the US Supreme Court in 198
31、1 after years of hard work.Margaret Thatcher (19252013)In 1979, Margaret Thatcher became Britains first woman Prime Minister. She served until 1990, which made her the first British leader to serve three terms in a row . Because of her high standards and P2 W5strong will, people called her Britains
32、Iron Lady.Marie Curie (18671934)Polishborn scientist Marie Curie discovered that some types of metal give off energy called radiation. Her research led to new medical treatments and arms. She received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 and in Chemistry in 1911.篇章导读：本文是记叙文。你认为谁是过去一百年中最重要的女性呢？本文介绍了对世界
33、有巨大影响的六位伟大的女性。1Who once won the Nobel Prize?AJane Addams and Marie Curie.BJane Addams and Margaret Thatcher.第 26 页 共 157 页CMarie Curie and Angela Merkel.DMarie Curie and Rachel Carson.答案：A细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，Jane Addams 曾获诺贝尔和平奖；根据最后一段最后一句可知，Marie Curie 曾获诺贝尔物理学奖和化学奖。故选 A 项。2We can infer from the text
34、 that Rachel Carson worked to _.Ahelp the poorBspread geographic knowledgeCprotect the environment Dprotect the rights of women答案：C推理判断题。根据文章第三段对 Rachel Carson 的描述可知，她写的书让人们意识到污染对人类及世界上的湖泊、海洋的危害。由此可推知，C 项正确。3What do Angela Merkel and Margaret Thatcher have in common?ABoth of them were scientists bef
35、ore coming to power.BBoth of them became the first woman head of their country.CBoth of them are famous for being strict.DBoth of them once worked for three terms.答案：B细节理解题。根据第四段第一句和倒数第二段第一句可知，她们都是各自国家的第一位女性领导人。4Who once failed to find a job?AJane Addams. BSandra Day OConnor.CRachel Carson. DMargare
36、t Thatcher.答案：B细节理解题。根据第五段第一句可知，因为是女性， Sandra Day OConnor 曾在毕业后找不到工作。第 27 页 共 157 页W重 点 单 词1shelter n. 居所；住处；庇护 2.service n. 服务；服役3rural adj. 乡村的；农村的 4.harmful adj. 有害的5standard n. 标准；水平；规格P重 点 短 语1have an effect on 对 有影响2in a row 连续；一连串；成一行B2017河北保定摸底 Mars (火星) appears to be flowing with small stre
37、ams of salty water, at least in the summer, scientists reported on Monday. “It suggests that it would be possible for there to be life today on Mars， ” NASAs science mission chief, John Grunsfeld, said at a news conference on September 28, 2015.The streams are about 12 to 15 feet wide and 300 feet o
38、r more long, scientists said. “What were dealing with is wet soil, thin layers of wet soil, not standing water， ” said Alfred McEwen of the P1University of Arizona at Tucson, the principal scientist for the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiters highresolution imaging experiment.Because liquid water is essent
39、ial to life, the findings could have major implications for the W1possibility of Martian life. The researchers said further exploration is needed to determine whether microscopic life exists on the planet.W2The presence of liquid water could also make life easier for astronauts visiting or living on
40、 Mars. Water could be used for drinking and for creating oxygen and rocket fuel. NASAs goal is to send humans there in the 2030s.The evidence of flowing water consists largely of dark, narrow streaks (条痕) on the surface that W3 P2tend to appear and grow during the warmest Martian months and fade the
41、 rest of the year.第 28 页 共 157 页Mars is extremely cold even in summer, and the streaks are in places where the temperature is as low as minus 10 degrees Fahrenheit. But salt can lower the freezing point of water and melt ice.W4The source (源头) of the water is a mystery. Scientists noted it could be m
42、elting ice. It could be an underground aquifer, which is rock or sand that can hold water. It is possibly water vapor from the thin Martian atmosphere. Or it may be a combination.Michael Meyer, lead scientist for NASAs Mars exploration program, said the only definitive way for now to determine wheth
43、er theres life on Mars is to collect rocks and soil for analysis on EarthW5something a US lander set for liftoff in 2020 will do.篇章导读：本文是一篇科普文章。在火星上发现了水的痕迹，这是否意味着会有生命存在呢？是否适合人类居住呢？这都有待进一步的科学探究。5What would be the best title for the text? AStreams of water spotted on MarsBAstronauts will land on MarsC
44、NASAs Mars exploration programDA breakthrough in the exploration of Mars答案：A 主旨大意题。从文中第一段第一句及文章其他内容可知，文章主要是围绕着在火星上似乎有水的痕迹这一主题展开的。故选 A。6According to John Grunsfeld, there seems to be_on Mars.Asalty water Bstanding waterCrocket fuel Dhuman beings答案：A 细节理解题。从文中第一段的第一句可知，火星上似乎有咸水。7Scientists are uncerta
45、in about the_of the water on Mars.Astate BsourceCtemperature Dtaste第 29 页 共 157 页答案：B 细节理解题。从文中倒数第二段第一句“The source of the water is a mystery.”可知，水的源头是个谜。故选 B。8What matters to the existence of liquid water on Mars?AThe distance from the sun.BThe favorable climate.CThe gravity of the earth.DThe salt i
46、n it.答案：D 细节理解题。从倒数第三段最后一句中的 “salt can lower the freezing point of water and melt ice”可知，盐对液态水的存在有重要作用。W重 点 单 词1essential adj. 必要的；至关重要的；基本的；本质的2exist vi. 存在；生存3evidence n. 证据4freezing adj. 极冷的；冰冷的5analysis n. 分析P重 点 短 语1deal with 应付；处理 2.consist of 由组成.七选五(建议用时 7)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有
47、两项为多余选项。2017河北定州中学检测 第 30 页 共 157 页Question: My 14yearold son is very disrespectful to my husband and me, and we dont know what to do. He often gets home after dark. And we have a big argument after he comes back. Can you help us?Answer: Your son should, of course, come back before dark, not because
48、 you say so, but because it is his responsibility and because you would worry about him if he didnt come home when he promised. _1_ Just tell him that he has to be home on time if he wants to go out next timeand that this is his choice, not yours.His disrespect is part of a bigger issue. Your son desires independence because the young always do when they hit puberty (青春期). New hormones (荷尔蒙), a new need to pull away from their parents results in this desire.
