1、This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller
2、and DS18B20 temperature sensor.静脉血栓栓塞性疾病诊疗指南解读济南市第五人民医院梁韶春This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The
3、core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.病例 12010年 2月 15日， 25岁的八一篮球队队员王凡突然去世死亡原因：肺栓塞This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single
4、bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.病例 22005年，北大教授熊卓之死死亡原因：肺栓塞This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the functio
5、n of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.*致死性肺栓塞通常情况下，我们没有足够的抢救时间！也是引起医疗纠纷的常见原因！This paper mainly introduces the design o
6、f an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.静脉血栓栓塞 VTE
7、 包括深静脉血栓（ DVT）和肺栓塞（ PE） 欧美高发病率 1/1000，中国缺少相关流调 深静脉血栓和肺栓塞早期死亡率分别为 3.8和 38.9 PE是最常见且可预防的院内死亡原因 高龄为其危险因素，老龄人口增加导致该病发生率增加 早期发现、早期规范治疗This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus
8、 digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.常见危险因素 高龄 近期手术史并制动 肿瘤 下肢近端损伤 高凝血状态 长途旅行This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes t
9、he function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.动静脉血栓的异同点 动脉高流速，血栓形成高度依赖血小板 静脉低流速，对血小板依赖低，依赖凝血系统 预防和治疗静脉系统血栓 -抗凝治疗为主 预
10、防和治疗动脉血栓 -抗血小板联合抗凝治疗This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89
11、C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.美国胸科医师学会（ ACCP） 静脉血栓栓塞性疾病（VTE）的诊断和治疗的临床指南第二十二届国际血管医学联盟（ IUA） 预防和治疗静脉血栓栓塞症的国际意见声明美国国立综合癌症网络（ NCCN） NCCN VTE 临床治疗指南中国医师协会循证医学专业委员会专家共识 静脉血栓栓塞预防和治疗的专家共识关于静脉血栓症的指南This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which
12、 realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.*指南解读静脉血栓栓塞性疾病（ VTE） 下肢深静脉血栓（ DVT） 肺栓塞（ PE）指南意义 （总结现有证据） 针对
13、初级医疗保健人员 提供治疗 DVT和 PE的合理建议 帮助理解和应用不同的诊断工具如 D-Dimer和超声 识别高危临床特征 This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.
14、 The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.*1.临床诊断1.1 临床预测 VTE可能的方法 -多个临床研究证实了 Wells预测法的准确性WELLS 深静脉血栓的临床评分临床可能性低度 0分，中度 1-2分，高度 3分This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of te
15、mperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.*WELLS 肺栓塞的临床评分临床可能性：低度 0-1分，中度 2-6分，高度 7分This paper mainly introduces the design of an
16、 intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.*1.2 联合应用 D-Di
17、mer和 Wells评价法 DVT风险低， D-Dimer阴性的患者在 3个月内 DVT发生率为 0.5%，无需进一步影像学检查 DVT可能性为中度和高度，但 D-Dimer阴性的患者在 3个月内 DVT发生率为3.5%和 21.4% D-Dimer对于无合并症的、年龄较小的、无 VET病史的预测价值高 老年高龄合并有其他疾病的患者如果 D-Dimer阴性不足以排除 VETThis paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function
18、 of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.*2辅助检查2.1 下肢静脉超声检查 建议 Wells标准判断为中度和高度可能性的 DVT患者接受下肢静脉超声检查 超声检查小腿时易出现假阴性结果，须做静脉造影
19、超声诊断敏感度较高 89%-96%，特异性是 94%-96% 腿部血栓的敏感性有差异 73%-93% 无症状的 DVT患者敏感性在 50%左右This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microc
20、omputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.*2.2影像学检查 中度或高度可能性的 PE患者应接受影像学检查 包括通气灌注扫描（ V/Q）、多排螺旋 CT 或肺动脉造影 系统回顾分析表明，应用螺旋 CT诊断 PE的敏感性为 66%-99% ，特异性为 89%-98% 对高度可疑可能性的 PE患者，单独应用 CT不能排除 PE，需要单次或序列的超声评价下肢静脉或行肺动脉造影This paper mainly introduces the
21、design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.3治
22、疗3.1抗凝治疗低分子肝素和普通肝素 目前证据一致表明 低分子肝素 （ LWMH）作为 DVT的初始治疗优于普通肝素， 特别是降低死亡率和出血风险方面 因此建议应用 LWMH作为 DVT患者的初始治疗 而对于 PE 患者， 肝素或低分子肝素都可以作为初始治疗， 因为二者的有效性相似 总体数据显示，两种药物均可导致肝素诱导的血小板减少症， 而 LMWH引起的抗体形成的可能性更小*This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the functi
23、on of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.3治疗3.1抗凝治疗口服维生素 K拮抗剂华法林 口服使用，初次使用时须与（低分子）肝素交叉， 监测 INR预防出血风险 INR目标值 2.5； INR范围 2
24、.0-3.0This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontr
25、oller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.3治疗3.1抗凝治疗磺达肝素（磺达肝癸钠）人工合成的戊糖，选择性抑制凝血因子 Xa 静脉用药，出血风险低于 LWMH，推荐级别 1A口服 Xa因子抑制剂，如利伐沙班、阿哌沙班等 不需监测 INR 疗效有待循证医学证据This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by
26、using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.3治疗3.1 抗凝治疗的时间和强度 由于一过性的危险因素导致的 VTE， 抗凝治疗应坚持 3-6个月 复发性的 VTE患者的抗凝治疗时间应在 1 年以上 虽然目前对于特发性或复发性的 VTE抗凝治疗时间尚无明确的定论， 但有延长治疗时间有进一步获益
27、的证据 目前最长治疗时间是 4年， 更长时间抗凝治疗的风险 /获益比不详 临床应充分考虑延长抗凝治疗时间的获益与风险和患者的选择 抗凝强度上， 长期常规抗凝 （ INR=2.0-3.0）优于低强度抗凝 （ INR=1.5-2.0 ）， 两种方法出血的发生率相似 但指南也指出， 在临床上约 19%的患者由于并发症、 依从性差或其偏好等原因停用了抗凝治疗， 加强宣教、 指导和随访很重要*This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the fun
28、ction of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.3治疗3.2门诊应用 LMWH抗凝治疗 对于门诊治疗 DVT患者或可能的 PE患者， 在条件具备的医院可以选择应用 低分子肝素 但这一条建议来源于入选试
29、验的条件很严格的临床试验， 并除外了高危因素， 因此则不具有普遍性 意外发现的无症状 DVT ，推荐按有症状 DVT的早期及长期抗凝治疗*This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcom
30、puter. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.3治疗3.3弹力加压袜建议常规应用弹力加压袜预防血栓后综合征， 在诊断为近端 DVT后的 1 个月时应用， 一直用至确诊后 1 年 血栓后综合征一般是指明确静脉血栓的患者出现与体位有关的下垂部位水肿、 疼痛和不适 有 4 项随机研究评价了加压弹力袜预防血栓后综合征的有效性， 有 2项在诊断后 1 个月内开始应用。随访时间都在 5 年以上， 均显示了弹力加压袜可使血栓后综合征发生的相对风险降低 50
31、%以上*This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontrol
32、ler and DS18B20 temperature sensor.3治疗3.4 妊娠妇女 对于妊娠妇女静脉血栓症（ VTE） 的抗凝治疗， 目前无足够证据 妊娠时， 发生 VTE的相对风险增加 5 倍， 绝对风险是 0.5-3/1000人 由于目前无足够的证据指明如何在妊娠期间治疗 VTE， 因此指南建议医生应注意避免使用维生素 K拮抗剂， 因为该药可透过胎盘，与胚胎发育紊乱或接生时胎儿出血有关 普通肝素和 LMWH不能通过胎盘， 不导致胚胎发育紊乱或接生时胎儿出血*This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temp
33、erature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.3治疗3.5急性期静脉溶栓 大多数 VTE患者不推荐常规应用静
34、脉溶栓 下列可考虑应用 新发大面积高位如髂股血管 DVT患者 急性大面积 PE、血流动力学稳定，无出血倾向者 溶栓时间窗 -UPET研究 2天效果好于 2-5天， 14天静脉溶栓仍可获益，但不做推荐 溶栓药物为链激酶和尿激酶This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperat
35、ure sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.3治疗3.6 LWMH和口服抗凝药物的选择 在有选择性的患者中 LWMH安全有效 肿瘤患者应用 LWMH优于口服抗凝药物 通过口服抗凝药物调整 INR困难的患者应选 LWMH治疗*This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperatu
36、re control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.3治疗3.7深静脉滤器 对 DVT患者，除抗凝外推荐不要常规应用静脉滤器
37、 (1A) 对绝大多数 PE患者，推荐除了抗凝外不要常规使用腔静脉滤器(1A) 对急性近端 DVT ，出血风险，不能进行抗凝治疗，推荐下腔静脉放置滤器 (1C) 急性 PE ，担心出血而无法抗凝治疗者，推荐 IVC滤器 (1C) 以滤器取代抗凝治疗，出血危险过后，推荐进行常规抗凝治疗(1C)， 提示仍需抗凝治疗*This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and
38、 control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.3治疗3.8经导管溶栓 (CDT)治疗急性 DVT 广泛的近端急性 DVT(如髂股段，起病 14d ，全身情况好，寿命超过 1年 ) ，出血危险性低，在有条件的医疗中心，建议导管介导下的局部溶栓治疗 (CDT) 以减轻症状及
39、血栓后遗症 (2B) 有待进一步多中心试验提供数据以提高推荐级别*This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the sy
40、stem are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.3治疗3.9手术血栓切除 对急性髂股段 DVT如病程 7d ，全身情况好 ， 寿命 1年，为减轻急性期症状及血栓后遗症，在有条件的中心，建议进行开放式静脉血栓切除 (2B) 若病人没有出血的高危因素，建议经导管溶栓 CDT通常优于开放式静脉血栓切除 (2C)This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.
