1、Passage 1Australia is a land of exceptional beauty. It is the worlds smallest continent and largest island, and a relatively young nation established in an ancient land. A series of geological and historical accidents has made Australia one of the worlds most attractive counties from the tourists vi
2、ewpoint. This country has a land area of 7,686, 850 square kilometers and its coastline is 36,735 kilometers./ The vast movements of the earths crust created a vast land of Australia, isolated it and positioned it across the tropical and temperate climatic zones. This land has a small population, wh
3、ich left enormous areas unspoiled. Here you witness an astonishing variety of environments, from desert to rain forest, tropical beach to white snowfield, from big, sophisticated cities to vast uninhabited areas./澳大利亚是一个异常美丽的国家。这是世界最小的洲，也是最大的岛，是在古老的土地上建立起来的较为年轻的国家。地质史上，这块土地的地貌形态发生了一系列变化，澳大利亚在旅游者眼中成了
4、世界上最吸引人的国家之一。这个国家的陆地面积为 7686850 平方公里，海岸线长达 36735 公里。/ 地壳的剧烈运动使澳大利亚成了幅员辽阔，与大陆分离，地处温、热带地区的国家。由于澳大利亚可以观赏到各种地形风貌，从沙漠到热带雨林，从地处热带的海滩到白雪皑皑的田野，从扑朔迷离的大都市到人迹罕到的旷野，景观各异，令人叹为观止。/ Passage 2It is always a pleasure to be among the best and the brightest in an atmosphere of learning. The university setting is the b
5、est incubator that exists for the inception and sharing of ideas. The agenda youve set forth here for the next two-and-a-half days is one that goes to the heart of what is exciting and important to business and industry today. Ive been asked to share my thoughts with you today about moving from “me”
6、 thinking to “we” thinking. My view is simple: individuals add; team players multiply./ Tsinghua undergrads are fortunate in that more and more your university is encouraging teamwork in your case work, stimulating the transition from “me” to “we”. At Wilson, we, too, are making great strides in bre
7、aking down the psychological and organizational barriers that result from “me” thinking. Even though we have more yet to do, we have been reaping exciting rewards by effectively using work teams to reengineer processes to gain improvements in costs, quality and response times./在学术气氛中置身于最优秀、最聪明的人士中间总
8、是一件令人愉快的事。大学是思想涌现和交流的孵化器。你们所制定的两天半的议程将探讨的问题对今天工商业界来说是一些既令人兴奋又有重要意义的核心问题。今天我应邀向各位交流一下我对由“我” 思维转为“我们”思维的看法。我的观点很简单，我认为个人做的是加法，而集体做的是乘法。/清华大学的学生很幸运，因为贵校越来越提倡学生在案例学习中开展集体活动，促使“我” 思维模式向“ 我们”思维模式的转变。我们威尔逊公司也正在努力打破那些由“我”思维带来的心理障碍和组织障碍。虽然我们还有许多事要做，但是由于我们在调整营运过程中有效地发挥了团队的作用，我们已经在降低生产成本、提高产品质量、缩短反应时间等方 面收到了令人
9、鼓舞的成效。/ Passage 3London is one of the worlds great centers for classical and popular culture. it has enjoyed a reputation for superb theater since the time of Shakespeare in the 16th century. The variety ranges from the majestic Royal National Theatre to the lavish Royal Opera House. The sheer numbe
10、r of symphony orchestras is impressive and includes the London Symphony Orchestra, the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra and the English Chamber Orchestra. / Some of the most well-known concert halls in the world, such as the Royal Festival Hall, provide favorable venues for thecornucopia of performances
11、 in London. London itself is a living museum, with more than 2,000 years of history and culture. But it also boasts one of the greatest concentrations of significant museums (more than 100) of any city in the world. The jewel in this cultural crown is the British Museum, with 4 kilometers of galleri
12、es and more than 4 million exhibits./伦敦是世界上古典文化和通俗文化的大中心之一。自 16 世纪莎士比亚时代起伦敦一直享有拥有一流剧院的美誉，如宏伟的皇家国家剧院和豪华的皇家歌剧院。伦敦拥有数量众多的交响乐园，如伦敦交响乐团、皇家爱乐乐团和英格兰室内乐园。/伦敦有一些世界上最负盛名的音乐厅，如皇家节日厅，为伦敦各类音乐演出提供了良好的场所。虽然有着 2000年历史和文化的伦敦自身就是一座活生生的博物馆，它却集中了一个宠大的博物馆群，数量超过 100 个，为世界其他城市所少见。大英博物馆镶刻在这顶文化 皇冠上的一颗宝石，拥有 4 公里长的展廊和 400 万余件
13、展品。/ Passage 4Vancouver is predominantly a service center. Since the 1960s, employment in finance, insurance, and real-estate-related activities has tripled, that in accommodation and food services has quadrupled, that in health and welfare services has quintupled, and that in services for business
14、has increased eightfold. Employment in primary and secondary industries has declined relative to population./ The majority of Vancouvers historic buildings are in the Gastown and Chinatown areas. Older sections of the city have undergone considerable change since 1960, when downtown high-rise office
15、 buildings and hotels were built. False Creek a decaying industrial area with sawmills, rail yards, and small shops - was transformed into a residential development project. Gastown, the original heart of the city, was restored in the 1880s style with antique stores and boutiques./服务业是温哥华的主要行业。自 20
16、世纪 60 年代以来，金融、保险以及房地产相关行业的从业人员增至 3 倍，旅馆餐饮服务业的从业人员增至 4 倍，卫生福利服务业的从业人员增至 5 倍，商业服务的从业人员增至 8 倍。第一和第二产业的从业人员的比率下降了。/ 温哥华的历史建筑大多坐落在盖斯敦和中国城地区。自 1960 年以来，温哥华的老城区发生了相当大的变化，市中心的摩天办公楼和旅馆拔地而起。法尔斯河这个锯木厂、铁路调车场、小店铺充斥其间的日渐衰败的工业区，已被改造为住宅发展区。旧城的市中心盖斯敦 区已重新恢复了 1880 年代的风格，古玩店和时装礼品店四处可见。Passage 5The plunging water has w
17、orn away the lower rocks so that there are caves behind the sheets of water of both falls. Sightseers may enter the Cave of the Winds at the foot of the American falls and get an unusual view. The Canadian falls has carved a plunge basin 59 meters deep. Both the United States and Canadian government
18、s have built parks, viewing platforms, paths, and highways. / The Niagara Reservation State Park was established in 1885 and is New Yorks oldest state park. It includes an observation tower, elevators that descend into the gorge at the base of the American falls, and boat trips into the waters at th
19、e base of the Horseshoe Falls. At night colored lights illuminate the falls and create a charming spectacle which viewers find hard to turn away from. The park area has long been a tourist site and a favorite spot for couples to spend their honeymoons./飞泻直下的河水冲蚀着下面的岩石，久而久之，两大瀑布的水帘之后便出现了洞穴。游客可以进入位于美国
20、瀑布谷底旁的“风穴” ，观赏穴内奇景，可一饱眼福。加拿大瀑布长年累月的冲蚀，在其谷底造就成一个 59 米深的盆池。美加两国政府分别为尼亚加拉瀑布建造了公园、观赏台、步行路径和高速公路。/尼亚加拉保护区州辖公园于 1885 年建立，是纽约州年代最久的州辖公园。公园里耸立着一座观察塔，游人乘电梯直下，可来到美国瀑布底部的峡谷地带。游客还可以乘坐游艇驶入马蹄瀑布谷底的水域。夜幕降临后，瀑布在五色斑斓的灯光的照耀下，显得风情万种，妩媚无比，令人流连忘返。多年来，尼亚加拉瀑布公园一直是游人驻足之胜地，鸳侣蜜月之佳所 。Passage 6New Zealand is a South Pacific cou
21、ntry located midway between the Equator and the South Pole. Lying within the South Temperate Zone, New Zealand has an oceanic climate, without extremes of heat or cold. Most parts of the country enjoy ample sunshine and rainfall, although the weather is rather changeable. Seasons are the reverse of
22、the Northern Hemisphere, with temperatures generally higher in the north of the country, which experiences sub-tropical warmth in summer. Winter brings extensive snowfalls in the Southern Alps./ New Zealand is an active trading nation, linked to its principal trade partners by regular sea and air se
23、rvices. The country is one of the worlds largest exporters of wool, and the largest single- country exporter of dairy products (notably butter, cheese and milk powder), lamb and mutton. Other major exports and timber products, fish and horticultural products. China is one of New Zealands principal t
24、rade partners. The two countries have experienced increasing exchanges in many areas in recent years, including the frequent exchanges in cultural, educational and public health fields./新西兰是一个南太平洋国家，位于赤道和南极洲之间。新西兰地处南温带，属海洋性气候，没有严冬和酷署。尽管气候变化较大，但全国大部分地区阳光充足，雨量充沛。新西兰的季节与北半球相反，北部的气温一般较高，夏季有着亚热带地区的温暖。冬季到
25、来时，南阿尔卑斯山脉为大雪所覆盖。/新西兰是一个活跃的贸易国，通过定期海上和空中运输服务与主要的贸易伙伴保持联系。新西兰是世界上最大的羊毛出口国之一，也是单个出口乳制品（尤其是黄油、奶酪和奶粉） 、羊羔内和羊肉最多的国家。其他主要出口产品有木材、木器、水产和园艺品。中国新 西兰的主要贸易伙伴国之一，两国在许多领域里的交往，包括文化、教育和卫生方面的交流 ，近年来有增无减。/Passage 7The Sydney Opera House is the mother and father of all modern landmark buildings. Although its architec
26、t was forced to resign and it was never properly finished inside, the opera house has come to define not only a city, but also an entire nation and continent. The Sydney Opera House was meant to look like a giant sailing ship. But you may bring whatever interpretation you would to it./ Since its ope
27、ning in 1973, the Sydney Opera House has been host to many of the mostmemorable, world-class artistic performances. However, as time goes by, modifications are required to meet the needs and technology of the day, without, of course, losing its architectural integrity. The New South Whales governmen
28、t has agreed to provide $69. 3 million for several projects to improve the facilities and environment for performing arts companies, patrons and visitors./悉尼歌剧院是现代社会所有划时代建筑物的先驱。虽然歌剧院的设计师被迫辞职，虽然歌剧院的内装潢从未圆满竣工，但是这件作品已不仅仅是一座城市的标志，而且也是一个国家和一个洲的象征。虽然悉尼歌剧院的原创形象是一艘巨大的航船，但是你可以按自己的理解作出解释。/自 1973 年剧院落成营业以来，已上演
29、了许多场最令人难忘、世界级水平的艺术表演。然而，随着时间的流逝，这座剧院需要修整以满足时代发展的需要和技术进步的要求。当然，任何修整都不能以牺牲建筑整体特色为代价。澳大利亚新南威尔士州政府已决定斥资 6930 万美元，推出了几个旨在改进剧院设施和环境的工程项目，为表演艺术公司提供更好的演出条件，为观众和参观者营造更好的观摩环境。/Passage 8Traditional Chinese medicine says that good health is associated with the balance of qi - an energy force that flows through
30、the body. Qi can be hindered or helped by yin and yang - opposing forces that, when balanced, work harmoniously together. According to traditional theory, the goal of acupuncture is to promote the flow of qi by keeping yin and yang in balance - and this is done by inserting needles at various points
31、 along primary channels and meridians that crisscross the body./ Acupuncture is widely employed in easing cravings and withdrawal pains of heroin addicts. 40% of the drug courts in the United States use acupuncture as part of their therapy. In the Miami system alone there are close to four hundred t
32、reatments per day. In some countries, such as Sweden, the doctors have achieved success with acupuncture in treating the effects of stroke. Those stroke patients getting acupuncture along with physical therapy did a lot better than those getting physical therapy alone./中国传统医学认为，健康的体魄与气脉平衡有关。所谓“气” 就是
33、流动于体内的能量，其通畅与否由阴阳二气决定，当这两种相对立的气脉趋于平衡时，它们在一起就十分和谐。根据传统理论，针刺疗法的目的就在于使阴阳二气平衡从而加羁气脉的流动。其方法是将针刺入体内交错的主要脉络上的各穴位。/针刺疗法被广泛用于缓解海洛因吸毒者的吸毒欲望以及戒毒带来的痛苦。在美国，40的戒毒所将针刺疗法用作治疗的组成部分。仅仅在迈阿密地区，每天就有近 400 项治疗使用针刺疗法。在有些国家，如瑞典，医生用针刺疗法成功地治疗了中风。那些同时接受针疗和理疗的中风病人与仅接受理疗的中风病人相比，前者的疗效远比后者好得多。/Passage 9Youll find restaurants for e
34、very situation in the United States. If youre in a hurry, you may just want to grab some “junk food“ at a grocery store, or you can get a bite to eat at one of the many fast food chains, like McDonalds, Burger King, Kentucky Fried Chicken, Pizza Hut, or Taco Bell. Or you can get a hero or submarine
35、sandwich “to stay“ or “to go“ from a sandwich shop or deli./ Some of these places have tables, but many dont. People eat in their cars or take their food home, to their offices or to parks. If you prefer sitting down but still dont want to spend much, you can try a cafeteria. At all of these places,
36、 you pick and choose your own food and then pay at a cash register, but you usually have to clear the table when you finish!/在美国，你可以找到任何一种餐馆。你若来去匆匆，可以去食品店随手买些“方便食品” ，也可以从麦当劳、汉堡王、肯德基炸鸡店、 “必胜客” 比萨饼屋，或玉米卷这些快餐连锁店中挑上一家，买些食物权且充饥。你还可以上三明治店或熟食店买一块“英雄” 型或“潜水艇”型的大三明治，你可以“堂吃 ”，也可以“外卖”。/ 这类快餐店有的甚至连餐桌都没有，人们买了一份快
37、餐后，有的拿到自己的车里去吃，有的拿回自己的家里去吃，也有的拿到办公室或公园里去吃。如果你既想坐在餐桌边上吃，同时又不愿多破费，那么你可以去自助餐厅。在那里，你可以先挑选自己喜欢的食物，然后到账台付钱。不过通常用完餐后，你得把自己的餐盘从餐桌上端走。/Passage 10The economist John Maynard Keynes argued that market behavior could not be rational, or subject to improvement, since our existing knowledge did not provide a suffi
38、cient basis for a calculated mathematical expectation of investment returns. I think this observation is particularly true when the object of speculation involves the application of a new technology, such as the Internet./ Modern financial theory attempts to surmount the problem of an unknowable fut
39、ure by suggesting that returns can be predicted by measuring the past volatility of share prices - shares that exhibit higher volatility are expected to yield greater returns. Yet this assumes the future will be a continuation of the past - like steering a car by looking in the rear-view mirror. Inv
40、estors therefore remain heavily dependent on their emotions. The feelings of “greed“ and “fear”, that drive markets remain constant throughout the ages. /经济学家约翰梅纳德 凯恩斯曾经说过，市场的行为不可能是理性的，也不可能改进，因为我们现有的知识不能为经过精确计算而得出的投资收益预期提供充分的依据。我认为在投机对象涉及到新技术的使用时，例如因特网的使用，凯恩斯的这种看法尤为正确。/现代金融理论试图解决未来不可预测的问题。按照现代金融理论，投
41、资收益可以通过对股价以往的波动幅度来预测，也就是说，股价波动较大的股票可望带来较大的回报。但是这种理论是以未来是过去的延续为前提的，如同看着后视镜驾驶汽车一样。所以投资者仍然在 很大程度上凭着自己的情感操作。在任何年代，推动市场的“贪心” 和“担心”这两种心情 总是永恒不变的。Passage 11The psychology of the market is one that includes both the psychology of investing and the psychology of gambling. There are the compulsive attractions
42、 of gambling in the market. The undulating moods of the stock market, alternating between its bull phase of energy greediness and grandiosity, and the bear phase of timidity, anxiety, indecisiveness and self-doubt, reflect the manic behavior of the gambling addict. Speculation differs from most gamb
43、ling activities in that the beliefs of the participants affect the results. In certain circumstances speculators are capable of creating self-fulfilling prophecies./ Success in speculation is ultimately dependent on finding someone else to buy your shares at a higher price than you paid for him or h
44、er. Every speculative bubble resembles a chain letter in that profits are provided by late entrants to the market. Everyone is attempting to anticipate the immediate intentions of his competitors. In such circumstances, paying attention to shifts in market psychology becomes essential./市场的心态表现出投机与赌博
45、兼而有之的两重性。市场有难以抗拒的赌博诱惑。股市的情绪在牛市和熊市之间交替波动，牛市充满了高涨的贪婪情绪，熊市则弥漫着胆怯、焦虑、犹豫不决和自我怀疑的情绪。股市心态的这种波动折射出赌徒的躁狂行为。投机活动与大多数赌博活动的不同之处在于，投机参与者的信念会影响投机结果。在某些情况下，投机者能够创造出自我实现的预言。/投机的成功归根到底取决于别人能否以比你买入时更高的价格买下你手中的股票。每个投机泡沫就好比一封连锁信，利润是由后来入市者提供的。每一个人都在预测竞争对手下_步的意图。在这种情况下，对市场心理变化的关注是至关重要的。/Passage 12The utility of the Unite
46、d Nations to the United States as an instrument of foreign policy can too easily be underestimated. Over the years since its founding in 1945, the United Nations has been more or less a servant of American interests. The most spectacular examples were the official UN authorization and sponsorship of
47、 intervention in the “troubled spots” of the world with an international peacekeeping force. Consider this fact: The United States provides an average quarter of the UN budget. / Many Americans feel the United Nations does not give good value for the investment. But any evaluation of the United Nati
48、ons must take into account the purpose for which the United States sought to create it: power without diplomacy. In many cases, a victory of the United Nations is a victory of the United States. In recent years, however, with the growing position of China and some other countries in international di
49、plomacy, the United States can no longer control UN decisions as it did before. But the United Nations will continue to function as a useful instrument of American foreign policy./美国利用联合国作为其外交政策的工具很容易被低估。联合国自 1945 年成立以来，或多或少地成了美国利益的服务工具。最典型的事例是，在联合国正式授权和操办下，国际维和部队可以对世界上的“麻烦 ”地区进行干预。你得考虑这样一个事实，美国给联合国提供的经费占了联合国总预算的 14 。/ 许多美国人认为，联合国没有对这种投资予以良好的回报。但是，对联合国的任何评价都必须考虑到美国所追求的目的，即不使用外交手段的力量。很多事例表明，联合国的胜利就是美国的胜利。然而，由于中国以及其他一些国家近年来国际外交地位的提高，美国再也无法像以前那样控制联合国的决策。当然，联合国作为美国外交政策的有效工具，将继续发挥这样的作用。/Passage 13We must recognize that the wor
