1、2010 考研英语二真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global pandemic on June 11, 2009, in the first designation by the World Health Organization of a worldwide pandemic in 41 years.The heightened alert came after an emergency me
2、eting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising numbers in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.But the pandemic is “moderate“ in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organizations director general, with the overwhelming majority of patients ex
3、periencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the absence of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global notice in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths among healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at
4、the height of a panic, cases began to crop up in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States, new cases seemed to fade as warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was significant flu activity in almost every state and th
5、at virtually all the samples tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. Zov the man looked puzzled and hurt. “Its true“ he explained. “When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didnt keep the conversation going wed spend the whole evening in silence.“This
6、episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 70s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riess
7、man reports in her new book “Divorce Talk“ that most of the women she interviewed - but only a few of the men - gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year - a virtu
8、al epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning coo
9、king social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: “He doesnt listen to me“ “He doesnt talk to me.“ I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their
10、wives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face while a woman glares at the back of it wanting to talk.26.What is most wives main expectation of their husbands?A.
11、Talking to them.B.Trusting them.C.Supporting their careers.D. Shsring housework.27.Judging from the context ,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means _ .A generating motivation.B.exerting influenceC.causing damageDcreating pressure28.All of the following are true EXCEPT_A.men te
12、nd to talk more in public tan womenB.nearly 50percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC.women attach much importance to communication between couplesDa female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29.Which of the following can best summarize the mian idea of this text
13、 ?A.The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists .B.Marriage break_up stems from sex inequalities.C.Husband and wofe have different expectations from their marriage.D.Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30.In the following part immediately after this text,the auth
14、or will most probably focuson _A.a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB.a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC.other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerTxet3over the past decade, many companies had p
15、erfected the art of creating automatic behaviors habits among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental
16、public health problems, like hand washing with soap, that remain killers only because we cant figure out how to change peoples habits,” Dr. Curtis said. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to Procter th
17、at jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent th
18、e conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as rec
19、ently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial di
20、scrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of strauder v. West Virginia,the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th
21、 century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898,it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personlly asked to have their names included on the jury list
22、. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.This law abolished
23、special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to th
24、e state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.36.From the principles of theUS jury system,welearn that _Aboth litcrate and illiterate people can serve on
25、juriesBdefendants are immune from trial by their peersCno age limit should be imposed for jury serviceDjudgment should consider the opinion of the public37.The practice of selecting socalled elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_Athe inadcquavy of antidiscrimination lawsBthe prevalent discrimination aga
26、inst certain racesCthe conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures38.Even in the 1960s,women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_Athey were automatically banned by state lawsBthey fell far short of the required qualificationsCthey were supposed to perform domestic dutiesDthey ten
27、ded to evade public engagement39.After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed._Asex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolishedBeducational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurorsCjurors at the state level ought to be representative
28、of the entire communityDstates ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system40.in discussing the US jury system,the text centers on_Aits nature and problemsBits characteristics and traditionCits problems and their solutionsDits tradition and developmentSection Translation46.Dire
29、ctions:In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)（编辑：）“Suatainability” has become apopular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured apainful period of unsustainabilit
30、y in his own life made itclear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice.Ning recalls spending aconfusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. Hed been though the dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for ajob,signed on with a Boulder agency.I
31、t didint go well. “It was a really had move because thats not my passion,” says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable, I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed
32、 the job. Everyone said, Just wait, youll trun the corner, give it some time.”翻译参考“坚持不懈” 如今已成一个流行词汇，但对 TedNing 而言，这个概念一直有个人含义，经历了一段痛苦松懈的个人生活，使他清楚面向以坚持不懈为导向的价值观，必须贯彻到每天的行动和选择中。Ning 回忆起 20 世纪 90 年代末期卖保险的那段迷茫时光，他通过蓬勃兴起的网络疯狂地找工作，并且与 Boulder 代理机构签了约。事情进展并不顺利，TedNing 说到：“那真是个糟糕的选择，因为我对此没有激情，”可以预料，他把工作中的矛盾
33、能解释为没有业务。Ning 说：“我很痛苦渴望午夜起来盯着天花板，我没钱，我需要工作，每个人都说 等吧，只要有耐心会好转的。 ”47. Directions:You have just come back from the U.S. as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchange program. Write a letter to your American colleague to1) Express your thanks for his/her warm reception;2) Welcome him/her to visit Chi
34、na in due course.48. Directions:In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1) Interpret the chart and2) Give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)2010 年考研英语二真题答案：21 D 22 A 23
35、 B 24 C 25 C26 A 27 C 28 D 29 D 30 B31 A 32 A 33 D 34 C 35 B36 A 37 C 38 C 39 C 40 D新题型F T T T F翻译 “Sustainability“ has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning,the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear t
36、o him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through every day action and choice.当今，“可持续性”已经成为了一个流行的词语。但是，对特德宁来说，它对这个词有着自身的体会。在忍受了一段痛苦的、难以为继的生活之后，他清楚地认识到，以可持续发展为导向的生活价值必须通过日常的活动和做出的选择表现出来。Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. Hed been through the
37、dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Boulder agency.宁回忆了在上个世纪 90 年代末期的某一年，他卖保险，那是一种浑浑噩噩的生活。在经历了网络经济的兴盛和衰败之后，他非常渴望得到一份工作，于是和一家博德的代理公司签了合约。It didnt go well. “It was a really bad move because thats not my passion,“ says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predicta
38、bly, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable. I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said,” Just wait, youll turn the corner, give it some time.事情进展不顺，“那的确是很糟糕的一种选择，因为那并非是我的激情所在，”宁如是说。可以想象，他这种工作上的窘境是由
39、于销售业绩不良造成的。“我觉得很悲哀。我太担心了，以至于我会在半夜醒来，盯着天花板。没有钱，我需要这份工作。每个人都会说，等吧，总会有转机的，给点时间吧。”2011 年研究生入学考试英语二真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users,
40、 a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nations cyber-czar, offered the fe
41、deral government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authe
42、nticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Inte
43、rnet drivers license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 .the approach would create a “walled garden” n cyberspace, with safe “neighborhoods” a
44、nd bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transactio
45、n runs”.Still, the administrations plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet “drives license” mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some co
46、mputer security experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1 A.swept
47、 B.skipped C.walked D.ridden2 A.for B.within C.while D.though3 A.careless B.lawless C.pointlessD.helpless4 A.reason B.reminder C.compromiseD.proposal5A.informationB.interferenceC.entertainmentD.equivalent6 A.by B.into C.from D.over7 A.linked B.directed C.chainedD.compared8 A.dismiss B.discover C.cre
48、ate D.improve9 A.recall B.suggest C.select D.realize10 A.relcased B.issuedC.distributedD.delivered11 A.carry on B.linger on C.set in D.log in12 A.In vain B.In effect C.In return D.In contrast13 A.trustedB.modernized c.thrivingD.competing14 A.caution B.delight C.confidenceD.patience15 A.on B.after C.
49、beyond D.across16 A.dividedB.disappointed C.protected D.united17A.frequestlyB.incidentallyC.occasionallyD.eventually18A.skepticism B.releranceC.indifferenceD.enthusiasm19A.manageableB.defendable C.vulnerableD.invisible20 A.invited B.appointed C.allowed D.forcedSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40
