1、1话题语篇专攻练 32 政治经济(二)(建议用时 35 分钟). 阅读理解AFor a long time the packaging industry has been attacked for using what is thought as large amounts of packaging, choosing materials which are felt to have high impacts on the environment, and for being responsible for littering and overflowing landfills. In a s
2、tudy performed by WRAP, one of the first to study food waste in the UK in 2012, the most frequent responses when consumers were asked about packaging were“uses too much material”and“bad for the environment”. The conclusions of these reports highlighted that the degree of the problem has been largely
3、 underestimated: at least 30% of food produced in the world is wasted. These figures are similar no matter if you are in the developed or developing world. However, two publications from cross-industry work groups were published recently, and have managed to reset the discussion to take into account
4、 the benefits of packaging for sustainability(可持续性 ). The first publication, “The Global Protocol on Packaging Sustainability”, describes an agreed common approach towards measuring packaging sustainability metrics(指标), so that the industry is not competing based on the definition of a metric, but r
5、ather competing based on performance. The second was, “Packaging in the Sustainability Agenda, A Guide for Corporate Decision Makers”, which highlighted the contributions of packaging to the three aspects of sustainability: packaging protects products and prevents waste(environmental aspect); packag
6、ing enables efficient business conduct(economic aspect); and packaging provides consumers with the benefits of the products it contains(social aspect). Packaging performs indeed a wide variety of functions throughout the value 2chain and contributes to reducing food waste by protecting ingredients(佐
7、料)and products during transportation and by delivering family-sized packages. Food waste could be avoided for single households if they are provided with the choice of pack sizes meeting their consumption patterns and are not forced to buy larger packs that they may not be able to finish before the
8、use-by date. Despite the fact that smaller sized packs use more packaging, the fact that food waste is reduced would nevertheless decrease overall environmental impacts of the packed product. 【文章大意】文章主要讨论的是商品的包装问题, 涉及过分的包装会对环境产生坏的影响等情况。1. It has long been thought that_. A. larger quantities of food
9、are wasted in developed countriesB. WRAP is the first authority to study food waste in the UKC. packaging does great harm to the environmentD. packaging offers a powerful means to reduce food waste【解析】选 C。细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话 For a long time the packaging industry has been attacked for using what is thou
10、ght as large amounts of packaging, choosing materials which are felt to have high impacts on the environment 可知包装对环境是有害的。2. According to the two publications in Paragraph 2, _. A. an agreement should be reached on measuring packaging sustainabilityB. the industry should compete based on the definiti
11、on of sustainability metricsC. smaller sized packs promote less packaging and purchase among consumersD. sustainable packaging is eco-friendly, economically practical and socially beneficial【解析】选 D。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话 Packaging in the Sustainability Agenda. . . and packaging provides consumers with the
12、 benefits of the products it contains(social aspect). 中的关键词: environmental aspect; economic aspect; social aspect 可知合适的包装是生态环保的, 对于社会和经济都是有益的。33. The authors attitude towards packaging is_. A. approving B. negativeC. casual D. doubtful【解析】选 A。观点态度题。根据文章最后一段 Packaging performs indeed a wide variety o
13、f functions throughout the value chain and contributes to reducing food waste by protecting ingredients and products during transportation and by delivering family-sized packages. 可知作者对于适度的包装还是赞成的。BChinese e-commerce websites fail to pay more attention to older consumers, says a news report. Theres
14、been a thought that younger consumers have been the driving force of online buying. That may not be the case. According to a statement from Alipay, the average expenditure(支出)of Alipay users born before the 1960s was 31, 000 yuan in 2012, much higher than 14, 000 yuan of those born after the 1980s.
15、It shows that online shopping has become a key part of peoples daily consumption, for both the young and the old. Besides shopping, people pay bills such as water bills, electricity bills, and credit card repayments online. The middle-aged and senior consumers are also participating in that consumpt
16、ion revolution. Liu Chen, 56, said that his online expenditure in 2015 was over 50, 000 yuan, about half of the total annual expenditure. He always pays his telephone bill online. Clothes, electrical appliances and kids snacks are the main items he purchases online. Lius shopping strategy is to find
17、 something good online first, then go to shops to check it out, and finally buy it online because it is cheaper. As quality concerns him, Liu only buys items that come with a guarantee. Stories such as those from Liu are representative of millions of middle-aged and older Chinese, which show the gre
18、at potential of the aged in the Chinese consumption market. Yet, the market seems not to be valued as it should be. 4Some Chinese e-commerce websites such as jd. com, dangdang. Com and amazon. cn dont have a category for goods for the elderly on their main pages. Alibabas platform does have one, but
19、 the goods in it are not as abundant as other categories. Moreover, Taobaos category is not really designed for elders, but their children. Despite the seeming lack of commitment to older consumers, the Chinese market for the elderly is clearly huge, and e-commerce websites should take great efforts
20、 to develop it. 【文章大意】本文介绍了电商的一大缺点没有关注老年消费者。4. The data in Paragraph 2 is used to prove that_. A. young people have learned to save moneyB. older people are crazy about online shoppingC. young people are the driving force of online shoppingD. both the young and the old have contributed to online sho
21、pping【解析】选 D。细节理解题。根据第二段的数据比较可知年轻人和老年人都为网购做出了巨大贡献。5. According to the passage, Liu Chen mainly spends money online on_. a. buying clothesb. paying the telephone billc. paying the electricity billd. buying electrical appliancesA. a, b, c B. a, b, dC. b, c, d D. a, c, d【解析】选 B。细节理解题。根据 He always pays
22、his telephone bill online. Clothes, electrical appliances and kidssnacks are the main items he purchases online. 可知 B 选项正确。6. Liu Chen chooses online shopping mainly because of its_. A. low price B. convenienceC. great potential D. quality guarantee【解析】选 A。细节理解题。根据第五段 finally buy it online because i
23、t is cheaper5可知 Liu Chen 在网上购物是因为网上的商品更便宜。7. Which is the best title for the passage? A. Online ShoppingB. Older Consumers in E-commerceC. Chinese E-commerceD. Huge E-commerce Market for the Elderly【解析】选 D。主旨大意题。本文介绍了电商的一大缺点没有关注老年消费者。. 阅读填句根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。_1_When a starving
24、 man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat; when an executive gets a new sports car, visions of country clubs and pleasure beats dance into view. The many wants of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. _2_The first and most basic level of wants involves food. Once this w
25、ant is satisfied, a second level of wants appears: clothing and some sort of shelter. By the end of World Warthese wants were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. _3_It included such items as automobiles and new houses. By 1957 or 1958 this third level of wants was fairly well satisfied. The
26、n, in the late 1950s a fourth level of wants appeared: the“life-enriching”level. While the other levels involve physical satisfactionthe feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation of the human body-this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement and happiness. It includes a variety o
27、f goods and services, many of which could be called“luxury”items. Among them arevacation trips, the best medical care, and entertainment. _4 On this level, a greater percentage of consumer spending goes to services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their s
28、ights to a fifth level of wants as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level? A fifth level probably would involve wants that can be achieved best by 6community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government acti
29、on against disease, ignorance, crime and prejudice. _5_In this way, we can enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels. A. Then a third level appeared. B. Different people have different wants on each level. C. There are several levels of wants in ones life. D. When there is money enou
30、gh to satisfy one level of wants, another level appears. E. At this stage, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure. F. Also included here are fancy foods and the latest styles in clothing. G. Human wants seem endless. 【文章大意】这是一篇生活类的文章。向我们讲述了人类不同层次的需要。1. 【解析】选 G。根据 G 和下文中的关键词“wants,
31、 gets, think about”等判断 G 正确。2. 【解析】选 D。根据上文以及 D 中的关键词“level, satisfy, wants”判断 D 正确。3. 【解析 】选 A。根据前文以及 A 中的关键词“first, second, third, level”判断 A正确。4. 【解析】选 F。根据前文以及 F 中的关键词“goods, services clothing”, 判断 F 正确。5. 【解析 】选 E。根据 E 和上下文中的关键词“health, safety, leisure, disease, crime”判断选 E。. 短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间
32、交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(), 并在其下面写出该加的词。删除: 把多余的词用斜线(画掉。修改: 在错的词下画一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。2. 只允许修改 10 处, 多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。Ladies and gentlemen, 7Thank you for attending our companys news conference. As you know, with the develo
33、pment of economy, people have to face variety pressures. They dont have enough time to attend to the old people in his family, which has become a prominent social problem. To solve this problem, our company had put out the household robot, what is designed to take care of old people. It can cook mea
34、ls at a fixed time which can be adjusting according to individual needs. It can also accompany with old people in having a chat, playing chess, and do exercise. However, it can deal with emergencies. For example, if an old man fell ill suddenly, the robot will call doctors for help. It would be a gr
35、eat help for you if you own such robot. Thank you. 答案: 81. 【解析】第二句 variety 改为 various。此处应用形容词修饰名词 pressures。2. 【解析】第三句中的 his 改为 their。their 与上文的复数名词 people 保持一致。3. 【解析】第四句中的 had 改为 has。我们公司已经生产出了家用机器人。本文主体时态是一般现在时, 所以此处应用现在完成时。4. 【解析】第四句中的 what 改为 which。引导非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词 the household robot。5. 【解析】第
36、五句中的 adjusting 改为 adjusted。做饭的时间可以被调整。6. 【解析】第六句中的 with 去掉。accompany 为及物动词。accompany sb. 陪伴某人。7. 【解析】第六句中的 do 改为 doing。doing 与前面的 having a chat, playing chess并列。98. 【解析】第七句中的 However 改为 Besides。此外, 它还可以处理紧急情况。9. 【解析】第八句中的 fell 改为 falls。if 引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。10. 【解析】第九句中的 such 后加 a。robot 为可数名词单数, 前面必须加冠词。industry n. 工业 sustainability n. 持续性luxury n. 奢侈 crime n. 犯罪credit n. 信誉 prejudice n. 偏见
