1、参观点简介Places to Visit7 月 23 日1.文殊坊Wenshu District文殊坊,川西传统民居形式建成的特色首席商业院落，它是历史价值、文化价值和商业价值的共同载体。它以禅文化、民俗文化为主题，以川西街院建筑为载体，充分体现老成都人文历史精髓。凭借其深厚的自然景观与人文底蕴彻底颠覆传统的商业街形态，成为体验商业时代发展的一个前沿性创造-院落商街。Wenshu District, a commercial courtyard built in the Traditional Folk Houses of West Sichuan Area, is an embodiment
2、 of history, culture and commerce. Combined with its themes of Buddhist and folk cultures, it fully presents us with the humanistic and historical essence of old Chengdu. Whats more with its natural beauty and deep cultural load, this combination of modern Commercial Street with the traditional cour
3、tyard, completely overturned the conventional form of Commercial Street.文殊坊其一期工程包含成都会馆和成都庙街两大部分。成都会馆院落总占地面积为 7460 平方米，均为清末时期的木质建筑，通过落架整合修建进行保护后，老院落里破旧的木柱、木梁等已被修复；成都庙街与成都会馆一街之隔，同样为传统老建筑。成都庙街主要包括旅游精品古玩、旅游民俗用品、文化餐饮休闲、老成都味道四大核心部分。The whole district consists of the Old Chengdu Club and the Chengdu Temple
4、 Street. The former covers an area of 7, 460 square meters and still remains the wooden architectures of the late Qing dynasty but the redecoration and reconstruction work have rendered the wooden pillars and beams inside much stronger. The Chengdu Temple Street, just a stones throw away from the Cl
5、ub, is also composed of traditional old buildings. The street is engaged in tourism related exquisite antiques, folk cultural products, food Red pandas, peacock, Black-necked Crane, swan, golden monkeys and other wild and/or endangered species live and breed here.成都熊猫基地建立于 1987 年。截止目前为止，成都熊猫基地以建立初期从
6、野外抢救的 6 只病、饿大熊猫为基础，已成功地使大熊猫圈养种群数量增加到一百多只。我们通过与其它单位交换保存的遗传材料，保持了种群的遗传多样性。值得骄傲的是：二十年来，我们没有从野外捕捉过一只熊猫。这体现了我们在野外就地保护和圈养迁地大熊猫种群数量健康增长方面特有的责任和坚定的信念。The Chengdu Panda Base was founded in 1987, with six giant pandas rescued from the wild. Today our captive population has increased to over a hundred individu
7、als from that founding population of only six. Genetic diversity in the population is sustained by the exchange of preserved genetic material with other facilities. We are very proud that we have not taken any giant pandas from the wild for 20 years. This demonstrates our unique and uncompromising c
8、ommitment to the conservation of the wild (in situ) population and the healthy growth of the captive (ex situ) population.由于成都熊猫基地开展了大量研究工作，关注动物健康与福利的研究，我们已成功繁殖大熊猫 109 胎，161 仔，现有 108 只,是世界上最大的大熊猫人工种群。同时，我们也为其它大熊猫圈养机构提供技术支持并派专家协助其大熊猫的管理、饲养以及繁育方面的工作。为了交流经验，共享信息，提高圈养大熊猫管理水平，最终实现保护大熊猫的目的，我们每年组织召开大熊猫技术年会
9、，邀请世界各地的科研工作者参加。Due to our research and commitment to animal health and welfare, 161 giant panda cubs have been born to our Base in 109 litters, and now we have 108 which is the biggest captive giant panda population in the world. To assist other institutions holding giant pandas we provide technica
10、l support and send our experts to assist with care, rearing, and breeding. So that all giant panda researchers can share their knowledge, we host the Giant Panda Annual Technical Meeting, inviting researchers from all over the world to share information to improve captive management for the conserva
11、tion of giant pandas.参考网站：http:/ 月 27 日金沙遗址Jinsha Site Museum市区内的金沙遗址是近年来发现的极为重要的古蜀文明遗址。这是公元前12 实际至公元前 7 世纪的长江上游古代文明中心（距今约 3200 年到 2900 年）。从已经发现的建筑遗迹和大量玉器、陶器、石雕、金器等国宝级珍贵文物可以初步确定这里曾经是三千多年前古代蜀国的都邑所在地。金沙遗址博物馆与三星堆博物馆共同成为全世界热爱中华文明的考察研究者、观光旅游者的文化圣地。金沙遗址出土的太阳神鸟金箔饰图案已被国家的文物局确定为中国文化遗产标志。Jinsha Site Museum is
12、 a significant relic of the ancient Shu civilization discovered in recent years. It is considered to be the anicient civilization center along Yangtze River and dates back to 12th to 7th century B.B. (Approximately 2900-3200 years ago). From the remains of buildings and a great deal of jade, pottery
13、, and gold ware excavated there, we can draw the primary conclusion that the site used to be the capital of the ancient Shu Kingdom more than 3,000 years ago.Jinsha Site Museum and Sanxingdui Museum become the holy land for scholars and tourists who are interested in Chinese civilization. The patter
14、n of the Saint Sun Birds unearthed in Jinsha ruins has been selected as the logo of China Cultural Heritages.参考网站：http:/ 月 28 日 1.都江堰Dujiangyan Irrigation System在都江堰水利工程修建于公元前 256 年，在这之前，成都平原一到雨季就遭受洪灾，一到春耕季节又没水灌溉。都江堰水利工程,科学有效地解决了灌溉、泄洪和排沙的问题，从此，成都平原成为了一个水旱从人，不知饥馑的天府之国。Before the Dujiangyan Irrigation
15、 System was built in 256 BC. Before this Chengdu Plain always suffer flood in rainy season and drought in dry season. The Irrigation project resolved the problems of irrigation, flood discharging and sands reduction effectively, breeding Chengdu plain as the Land of Abundance.都江堰水利工程在中国乃至世界都是一项非常伟大的
16、水利工程。它的伟大主要体现在以下几点：其一，它是历史上最悠久的水利工程，有着 2268 年的历史。其二，都江堰水利工程是世界上唯一仅存的一座无坝引水，自流灌溉的水利工程。不是拦水而是引水，不是改变而是顺应自然。其三都江堰水利工程是世界上设计最科学、布局最合理的水利工程。都江堰水利工程渠首的三大主体工程由鱼嘴、飞沙堰、宝瓶口构成。Dujiangyan Irrigation Project is a great project with much top fame in the world. Firstly, it is the oldest Irrigation Project in the w
17、orld with a history of 2268 years. Secondly, it is the only existing irrigation project without dam but can divert water for irrigation automatically. It does not stop the water but lead the water; it does not change the nature but obey the nature. Thirdly, it is an Irrigation Project with the most
18、scientific design and reasonable composition. The head part of Dujiangyan was formed by three main parts Yuzui Dividing Dyke, Feishayan Spillway, and Baopingkou Water Inlet. The perfect combination of the three parts has continued the service of Dujiangyan Irrigation Project for thousands of years.整
19、个景区由离堆古园、渠首三大主体工程以及二王庙三部分组成。现在我们就位于离堆古园。离堆古园占地 80 亩，古代是一座私家园林，1931 年扩建后，对外开放。都江堰与青城山于 2000 年 11 月被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产名录。2005 年，都江堰作为大熊猫栖息地的一部分被列为世界自然遗产。This scenic area consists of three parts: the first is Lidui Ancient Park, where we are now; the second is Irrigation Project; and the last is Er Wang
20、Temple. Lidui Ancient Park covers an area of 80mu. It was a private garden strictly for rich and powerful families. It was finally opened to the public in 1931. Dujiangyan and Mt. Qingcheng were added to the list of the world cultural heritage by UNESCO in Nov. 2000. In 2005, as a part of the habita
21、t of Giant Panda, Dujiangyan was added to the list of world natural heritage. 我们现在所看到的就是都江堰水利工程主体部分的宝瓶口，它位于玉垒山和离堆公园之间，宽 20 米。宝瓶口是内江进入成都平原的咽喉，严格控制着进入成都平原的进水量。我们可以来打个比方，宝瓶口就像我们的喉咙，喝水时，不论每次喝入多少，只有定量的水可以通过。这就是宝瓶口的工作原理。在当时没有炸药，也没有现代化的机械，李冰采用了“ 积新烧岩” 的原始方法，燃烧树木将岩石烧红发烫，再用江水浇泼，由于热胀冷缩，石块炸裂，就这样炸一层，凿一层，化了 8 年的
22、时间，凿开了这个宽 20 米的引水口。What we see now is Baopinkou Water Inlet lying between Mt. Yulei and Lidui Park, with the width of 20 meters. It works as a check gate strictly controlling the water flow into Chengdu Plain. We can make an analogy; the Baopingkou Water Inlet is like our throat. When we drink water
23、, no matter how much we drink, only certain amount can go through at a time. That is the working principle of Baopingkou. In order to divert the water to irrigate the Cehngdu plain, Li Bing had the hard rocks cut off. But at that time the explosive had not been invented and there were no modern mach
24、ines, how did Li Bing manage to do so? He had fire lit under the rocks to heat them up, then poured cold water onto the hot rocks. By this way the rocks cracked and split. After 8 years of this tough work, a channel of 20m wide was formed. 飞沙堰溢洪道位于金刚堤底部与人字堤之间，宽 200 米，高 2.15 米，是都江堰水利工程最重要的组成部分。在枯水季节，
25、当水位低于 2.15 米时，就引水灌溉成都平原。洪水季节时，当水位高于 2.15 米时，多余的水就会通过飞沙堰泄到外江。此外，飞沙堰还有一个重要的作用就是排沙。Feishayan Spillway lies between the end of Jingang levee and Renzi levee. It is about 200 meters wide and 2.15 meters high from the bottom to top. It is the most important component of Dujiangyan Irrigation Project. In d
26、ry season, when the water level is lower than 2.15 meters, it leads water into the Baopingkou to guarantee irrigation. In rainy season, when water level is higher than 2.15 meters, excessive water is discharged into Outer River. The third function of the spillway is to discharge sand. 鱼嘴分水堤位于岷江中心，因形
27、似鱼嘴而得名。它将岷江一分为二。外江是自然河道，其作用是在雨季排泄大量洪水。内江是李冰人工挖掘的河道，其作用是引水灌溉成都平原。李冰修建内江时，挖的比外江深，枯水季节，四成的水进入外江，六成的水进入内江，保证成都平原的春耕用水。洪水季节时，水位上深，由于外江比内江要宽，因此六成的水进入外江，四成水进入内江，避免成都平原遭受洪水侵害。由于鱼嘴也是位于弯道，利用弯道环流原理，夹杂大量泥沙的底层水将八成沙石抛向外江，而进入内江的泥沙只有二成。Yuzui Dividing Dyke lies in the middle of Minjiang River, the front part of whic
28、h reaches down into the river, looking like a fishs mouth, thus it is called “fish mouth“. It divides Minjiang River into two parts: the outer river and the inner river. The outer river is a natural river course, whose main function is to drain floods during rainy seasons. The inner river was manmad
29、e. It carries river water to Chengdu plain for irrigation. When people dug the Inner River, he made it much deeper than Outer River. In dry season, 60% of the water goes to Inner River to guarantee irrigation and 40% to Outer River. However, Outer River is much wider than Inner River. In rainy seaso
30、n, 60% of the water goes to Outer River and 40% to Inner River, preventing Chengdu Plain from the flood. With the same working principle as Feishayan, the Yuzui Dividing Dyke can discharge 80%of sand into the outer river. Thus, only 20% of sand enters the inner river.参考网站：http:/ Ancient Street锦里是西蜀历
31、史上最古老、最具商业气息的街道之一，早在秦汉、三国时期便闻名全国。锦里古街依托成都武侯祠，北邻锦江，东望彩虹桥，以秦汉、三国精神为灵魂，明清风貌作外表，川西民风、民俗作内容，历史与现代有机结合，扩大了三国文化的外延，古老的街道又注入新的活力。全长 350 米，采用清末民初的四川古镇建筑风格，与武侯祠博物馆现存清代建筑的风格相融，二者之间又以水为隔。 “锦里 ”民俗一条街有“成都版清明上河图”之称。Jinli Ancient Street was set up and opened for public in 2004. Walking in this street, historic lane
32、s, old official residences, vernacular dwelling, inns and shops will bring you back to the ancient China.The elegant style of the architectures tells you what Sichuan looks like during the Qing Dynasty. Sichuan Culture is inlayed in this ancient street.After its recent renovation, Jinli Ancient Stre
33、et has become one of the busy trading streets in Chengdu. On both sides of this 350-metre street there are numerous small stores selling handicrafts, antiques, and souvenirs such as Shu embroidery, lacquer products, folk handicrafts, old porcelain dishes, curios, or calligraphies and paintings.参考网站：
34、http:/ Art1.蜀绣。蜀绣又称“ 川绣” ，是以四川成都为中心的刺绣品的总称。产于四川成都、绵阳等地。蜀绣与苏绣、湘绣、粤绣齐名，为中国四大名绣之一。. Shu Embroidery, also known as Sichuan Embroidery, is the general name for embroideries in Sichuan Province, mainly in Chengdu and Mianyang City. Shu Embroidery, together with Su Embroidery (Jiangsu), Xiang Embroidery (H
35、unan) and Yue Embroidery (Guangdong), make the Top 4 Embroideries in China. 2.蜀锦。蜀锦是指成都所出产的锦类丝织品，距今已有 2000 余年的历史，蜀锦织造技艺是国家级非物质文化遗产之一。蜀锦因其历史悠久、工艺独特，享有中国四大名锦之首的美誉。. Shu Brocade refers to brocade fabrics produced in Chengdu. With a history of more than 2000 years, the weaving handcraft is among the lis
36、t of state intangible cultural heritages. Because of the profound history and unique craftwork, Shu Brocade ranks the first among the Top 4 Famous Brocades in China. 3.川剧。川剧是中国戏曲宝库中的一颗光彩照人的明珠。它历史悠久，表演精湛、绝技丰富，如托举、开慧眼、变脸、喷火、藏刀等，令人叹为观止。. Sichuan Opera is a shining pearl in the treasure vault of traditi
37、onal Chinese opera. Finely performed feat, such as people lifting, invisible eye sticking, face changing, fire spitting and knife hiding, always make audience lost in astonishment. 4.茶艺。成都爱喝茶，会喝茶，以至于外地人用“头上青天少，眼前茶馆多” 来形容。 “坐茶馆 ”是成都人的一种特别嗜好，因此茶馆遍布城乡各个角落。成都茶馆历史悠久，数量众多，是成都休闲文化的代表和符号。. Tea Art Chengdu p
38、eople are fond of drinking tea. Strangers are always stunned at the numerous tea houses in the city. Going to a tea house is a shared hobby for Chengdu people, which explains why tea houses are scattered in every corner of the city. With long history and great quantity, tea houses serve as a symbol of leisure culture valued by the city.
