1、This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller
2、and DS18B20 temperature sensor.第十五章 传染病新乡医学院病理教研室This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core comp
3、onents of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.第一节 结核病（ tuberculosis）一、概述1.概念 由结核杆菌 引起的慢性肉芽肿性病.最常见的是肺结核 .2. 发病率 第二3. 病理特征：结核结节形成4. 临床：低热、盗汗、乏力、消瘦等咳嗽、咯血等 .二、病因和发病机理1. 病因：结核杆菌： 人、牛 、鸟、鼠型 This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control syst
4、em which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor. 索状因子 决定毒力大小 糖脂 蜡质 D 变态反应 脂质 硫酸脑苷脂 抗吞噬磷脂 巨噬细胞 类上皮细胞
5、结核菌 蛋白 菌体蛋白 变态反应核糖核酸蛋白复合物 免疫反应多糖类 中性粒细胞浸润半抗原 免疫反应This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core comp
6、onents of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.2.传播途径：（ 1）呼吸道（主要）（ 2）次要途径：消化道、皮肤伤口等This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temp
7、erature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.3.机制(1) 取决感染的 菌量 ,毒力 和 机体的反应性 .(2)变态反应和免疫反应同时并相伴出现 .免疫反应 变态反应免疫 /变态原 多糖和核糖核酸复合物 菌体蛋白和蜡质 D 作用 杀菌 组织损伤引起病变 结核结节 干酪样坏死受不同的 T淋巴细胞亚群所产生的淋巴因子调控This paper mainl
8、y introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temp
9、erature sensor.三、基本病变（一）以渗出为主的病变1.条件 （结核病早期）（ 1）细菌多（ 2）毒力强（ 3）免疫反应弱（ 4）变态反应强2.病变：浆液 /浆液纤维素性炎，早期（ 24h）中性粒细胞渗出，以后为单核细胞（巨噬细胞）所代替3.部位：肺、浆膜、滑膜和脑膜4.结局：完全吸收，转变为以增生或坏死为主病变This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measureme
10、nt and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.（二）以增生为主的病变1.条件（ 1）细菌少（ 2）毒力弱（ 3）免疫反应强（ 4）变态反应弱2.病变：结核结节（ tubercle）肉眼观：界清、粟粒大小、灰白 /灰黄色、半透明微隆起于器官表面镜下观：中央：含
11、菌的干酪样坏死物质周围：类上皮细胞和 langhans巨细胞外周：淋巴细胞，纤维母细胞等This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core component
12、s of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor. 结核结节形成过程 （以细胞免疫为基础）菌 机体 中性粒细胞渗出（吞噬但不能杀菌）24h后由巨噬细胞取代 吞噬并杀菌 磷脂 类上皮细胞 融合 Langhans巨细胞 + 淋巴细胞、纤维母细胞和干酪样坏死 形成典型的结核结节附 : 结核结节形成过程即杀菌过程结核结节中不易找到结核菌类上皮细胞是其最基本细胞This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature con
13、trol system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.结核结节This paper mainly introduces the desig
14、n of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.（三）以坏死为
15、主的病变1.条件（ 1）细菌多（ 2）毒力强（ 3）免疫反应弱（ 4）变态反应强2.病变 干酪样坏死（ caseous necrosis）肉眼观：淡黄色 、 均匀细腻 、 质地较实 、 状似奶酪.镜下观：红染无结构的颗粒状物 .附 : 坏死灶不易液化干酪样坏死含大量结核杆菌（播散源）This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by usi
16、ng single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.干酪样坏死This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temper
17、ature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.四、转归（一）转向愈复1. 吸收消散 (吸收好转期 )（ 1）对象：以渗出为主的病变，小干酪样坏死灶和增生性病变亦可（ 2）途径：淋巴道（ 3）病变：缩小消散（ 4） X线：边缘模糊
18、、密度不均的云絮状阴影缩小消失 This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51
19、microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.2. 纤维化、纤维包裹、钙化（硬结钙化期）结核结节： 纤维化干酪样坏死灶：小：纤维化大：纤维包裹、钙化未完全吸收的渗出性病变：机化后纤维化附 ：完全纤维化的病灶无菌纤维包裹、钙化者仍含菌（复发的根源）X线：边缘清楚、密度较大的条索状阴影This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measure
20、ment and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.（二）转向恶化1.浸润进展（浸润进展期）病变：原病灶周围先出现渗出性病变，再发生 干酪样坏死 .X线：原病灶周围出现边缘模糊的云絮状阴影其间有密度较高阴影 .2.溶解播散（溶解播散期）自然管道（支气管、输尿管
21、等）血道淋巴道This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcont
22、roller and DS18B20 temperature sensor. 肺结核病（ tuberculosis of lung）（一）原发性肺结核病 （ primary tuberculosis of lung）1.概述（ 1）第一次感染结核杆菌（ 2）年龄：多发生于儿童（儿童型肺结核病）成人（少见）：未感染过 /免疫功能严重受抑制2.病变原发灶 （最早病变） 1 2个肺上叶下部或下叶上部近肺膜处（右 左） , 1 1.5cm，灰黄色渗出 干酪样坏死This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature c
23、ontrol system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.原发综合征 （ primary complex）原发灶 结核性淋巴管炎 肺门淋巴
24、结结核X线：哑铃状阴影3.临床：无明显症状（结核菌素试验 +）4.结局（ 1）自愈： 95%（ 2）转向恶化This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core
25、 components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor. A：浸润进展B：淋巴道播散 途径：肺门淋巴结 气管叉、旁、纵隔、锁骨上下及其他颈部淋巴结。 腹膜后、肠系膜淋巴结 肉眼观： 1/数个，肿大，粘连形成大肿块镜下观：干酪样坏死 /结核结节C：血道播散 全身粟粒性结核病：急性、慢性血源性结核病 肺粟粒性结核病： 急性、慢性肺外器官结核病附 ： 血源性结核病多由原发性肺结核病引起，少数由继发性肺结核病引起，极少数来源于肺外器官结核病This paper mainly introdu
26、ces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature s
27、ensor. 急性全身粟粒性结核病a：菌入血部位：肺静脉分支（大量入血）b：部位：肺、脑（膜）、肝、脾、肾等全身器官c：肉眼观：器官内 密布大小一致、灰白带黄、粟粒大小的结核病灶镜下观：增生为主，渗出和坏死轻X线：双肺大小一致、密度均匀细点状阴影d：临床：全身中毒症状慢性全身粟粒性结核病（成人）a：细菌多次少量入血b：结节大小不一 This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measu
28、rement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor. 急性肺粟粒性结核病a：菌入血部位：肺门、纵隔和支气管旁淋巴结干酪样坏死破坏附近的静脉（无名、颈内和上腔静脉） 右心 肺动脉 双肺b：肉眼：切面暗红，密布灰黄粟粒大小的结节。C：镜下：大小一致的结节状阴影
29、。This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller
30、 and DS18B20 temperature sensor. 慢性肺粟粒性结核病（成人）a：肺外器官结核病灶细菌长期间歇入血b：结节大小不一 肺外器官结核病 菌 经原发灶入血 右心 左心 全身器官潜伏 抵抗力下降 恶化进展为肺外器官结核病D：支气管播散（少见）This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single
31、bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.（二）继发性肺结核病 （ secondary tuberculosis of lung）1. 概述（ 1）再次感染结核杆菌而发生（ 2）成人（成人型 肺结核病 ）（ 3）机制： 外源性内源性（ 4）原发性肺结核病和继发性肺结核病的区别This paper mainly in
32、troduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperat
33、ure sensor. 原发性肺结核病 继发性肺结核病感染时间年龄部位 免疫反应变态反应病变特征播散方式病程This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core
34、 components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.二、常见类型1、局灶型肺结核（ 1）肉眼观：肺尖下 2-4cm， 1/数个， d： 0.5-1cm镜下观：以增生为主（中央有干酪样坏死）X线：肺尖 1/多个界清的结节状阴影（ 2）临床：无明显的症状（ 3）结局：好转浸润型肺结核This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes t
35、he function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.2、浸润型肺结核（ 1）来源：多由局灶型肺结核发展而来（ 2）肉眼观：以渗出为主镜下观：中央：有干酪样坏死周围：肺泡内可见浆液、巨噬细胞、淋
36、巴细胞等X线：边缘模糊的云絮状阴影（ 3）临床A：最常见类型B：活动性肺结核C：痰中带菌This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core component
37、s of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.（ 4）结局A：及早发现，合理治疗，可治愈B：浸润进展液化物 支气管播散 急性空洞支气管播散 干酪样肺炎穿破肺膜 自发性气胸液化物进入胸腔 脓气胸及时治疗 疤痕治愈空洞塌陷 索状疤痕愈合经久不愈 慢纤空This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperat
38、ure measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.3、慢性纤维空洞型肺结核（ 1）来源：浸润型肺结核的急性空洞发展而来（ 2）病变特点：A：厚壁空洞： 肺上叶， 1/多个，大小不一，形状不规则 壁（ 1cm以上）：分三层 内：小梁结构
39、周围：纤维组织增生This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microco
40、ntroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.（ 3）临床特点：A：开放型肺结核B：自发性气胸 /脓气胸C：大咯血D：喉结核，肠结核E：肺心病（ 4）结局 小空洞：疤痕愈合大空洞：开放性愈合This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperat
41、ure sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.4.干酪样肺炎（ 1）来源：浸润型肺结核恶化 /急、慢性空洞支气管播散 （ 2）病变肉眼观：病变肺叶肿大实变。切面干酪样坏死伴急性空洞镜下观：大量红染无结构的坏死物，肺泡腔：浆液纤维素渗出物，含巨噬细胞和淋巴细胞等（ 3）临床与结局 A：严重中毒症状 B：奔马痨This paper mainly introduc
42、es the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature se
43、nsor.5、结核球（ tuberculoma）（ 1）概念 孤立的有纤维包裹的境界分明的球形干酪样坏死灶（ d： 2-5cm）（ 2）形成：浸润性肺结核干酪样坏死灶纤维包裹空洞引流支气管阻塞多个干酪样坏死灶融合后纤维包裹（ 3）部位：肺上叶（ 4）相对静止的病变（ 5）手术切除This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.7.结核性胸膜炎（ 1）湿性（渗出性）（常见）A：青年人B：病理：浆液纤维素性炎症C：临床：血性胸水（ 2）干性（增生性）A：胸膜下病灶直接蔓延B：肺尖C：病变：增生为主D：临床：胸膜增厚
