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人教版八年级下册第二单元unit2重点短语语法.doc

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1、一丶重点短语1argue v争论;争吵 argue with sb与某人吵架I argued with my best friend我和我的好朋友吵架了。2 either adv.(用于否定句)也He doesnt have any money, and I dont, either他没有钱,我也没有。I cant play chess. She cant, either.我不会下国际象棋,她也不会。 too 也(用于肯定或疑问句)Im a teacherHe is a teacher, too我是老师,他也是老师。3ask (sb)for sth向某人寻求某物;要 Dont ask for

2、food every dayGo and find some work 别天天要饭,找点儿工作做。 I dont think you should ask your parents for some money.我想你不应向父母要钱。 4the same as. 与相同 (注意前后两个比较对象的属性保持一致)The clothes are the same as my friends这些衣服与我朋友的一样。 Tom is the same age as Anna Tom is as old as Anna 汤姆和安娜一样大。 Her backpack is the same as mine.

3、她的背包与我的一样。 5except 除以外;(不包括在内) My class has been invited except me除我以外,我的同学都被邀请了。 All the students went to the park except him除了他之外,全体同学都去过公园了。 They all traveled America except her. 除了她以外,所有的学生都去美国旅行过。 注意区别:besides 除以外,还有.(包括在内) We all went there besides him除他去以外,我们也都去了。( He went thereWe went there,

4、 too) 他也去了,我们也去了!/大家都去了! There are five more visitors besides me.除了我之外还有 5名访客 (加上我是 6个)6wrong adj错误的;有毛病的;不合适的 Whats wrong with you? 你怎么了?(你哪里不舒服?) Ive got a headache我头痛。 Whats wrong with your watch? It doesnt work.你的手表怎么了?它不走了。 注意:Whats the matter with you?= Whats wrong with you ?=Whats the trouble

5、 with you? 你怎么了?/你出什么事了?7get on(well) with sb与某人相处(融洽)get on ( well ) with sth 某事进展地好The students will get on well with the teacher学生会和老师相处得非常好。 How are you going on with your new friends? 你和你的新朋友相片如何 ?These days ,Mr Green gets on well with his new job. 这些天,格林先生的工作进展很顺利8have a fight with sb fight wi

6、th sb与某人打架 I dont want to have a fight with my cousin 我不想和我的堂兄打架。 They never fight with each other.They are really good friends. 他们从不打架,他们的确是好朋友。 二、主要句型(Key Sentences Structures) What should I do? You could write him a letter What should he do? Maybe he should say sorry to him What should they do? T

7、hey shouldnt argue 三、词语辨析 1. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人处借进某物 (借回来)lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth 把某物借给某人 (借出去)注: borrow sth. from sb. 是指该句的主语从别人处(往里)借进某物 例:He borrowed the dictionary from Lucy yesterday. 他昨天从露西处借了那本字典. lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth. 是指该句的主语把某物(往外)借给别人用 例如:Could you lend me your car

8、? =Could you lend your car to me?请你借给我你的车用一下好吗?2. get sb. to do 使做(以人为对象时,有“说服使做”的含义) He could get a tutor to come to his home. 他可以请一位家庭教师来他家。 Youll never get her to agree. 你决不可能使她同意。 ask sb. to do 邀请(人)做 We asked her to come to our party.我们请她来参加聚会 tell sb. to do让某人做某事 例如: The teacher told him to fi

9、nish the work that day. 老师那天让他完成那项工作。3、be in style 时髦的,流行的 be out of style 过时的,不时髦的 例: Look! Her new dress is in style.她的新裙子很时髦。 Those clothes are out of style. 那些衣服过时了。四、课文解释1、I dont want to surprise him. 我不想让他感到意外。此处 surprise是及物动词 surprise sb. 使某人感到吃惊eg. My friend always surprises me.2、talk about

10、it on the phone 用电话就此事进行交流On the phone 在电话里 。不能使用 in the phone、eg. They talk about a lot on the phone yesterday.他们昨天在电话里谈了很多3、call sb. (up) =give sb. a call 给某人打电话4、write sb. a letter = write a letter to sb. 给某人写信5、give him a ticket to a ball game.给他一张观看球赛的入场券 (注意 to 译为:.的)eg. They got two tickets t

11、o tonights show. 他们搞了两张今晚表演的入场券。6、She has the same haircut as I do. 她和我有相同的发型。eg. Tim has the same clothes as his brother does.提姆和他的弟弟有相同的衣服。7、find out (经过某人的研究、努力)发现,查出,找出You should find out the answer for yourself.你应该自己去找答案。8、Everyone else in my class was invited except me.除了我以外,我们班其他别的人都接到了邀请(信)此

12、句中 else一词不能单独使用,它必须跟在不定代词像“someone, anyone nobody”等词的后面,或跟在特殊疑问词像“what, where”等词的后面使用意思是“别的”eg. What else 别的什么, Who else 其他谁 someone else 其他人9、I cant think what I did wrong. 我真想不出我做错了什么。此句中 what I did wrong 是宾语从句,应用陈述语序 (即 :主语+动词)10、Im very upset and dont know what to do.我很沮丧,不知该干什么。此句中 what to do 是

13、不定式作 know的宾语,可用宾语从句来代替。可以说成“I dont know what I should do.”请背熟以下两个常见结构: I dont know what to do .我不知道该做什么。I dont know how to do it. 我不知道该怎么去做它。11、There are a lot of things you could do. 有许多你能做的事。此句中 you could do 是定语从句,修饰前面的名词“things”12、You left your homework at home.你把你的作业落在家里了。leave sth. +介词短语,是“把忘在,

14、落在(某处)的意思。eg. He left his umbrella on the bus.他把伞忘在公交车上。注:千万不能根据汉语的说法写为:forget sth ,只能用 leave sth.表示“落下”13、You should try to be funny. 你应该试着幽默一些。Try to do努力做,试着做,尽量做而 try not to do 是尽量不做eg. Please try not to be late again. 请尽量不要再迟到。14、Their school days are busy enough. 他们的学校生活是够忙的。enough必须放在形容词/副词的后

15、面,表示“足够的” (后置)eg. He is tall enough to reach that apple. 他足够高的可以够着那个苹果。15、be under too much pressure. 在太多的压力下16、see other children doing a lot of things 看别的孩子在做许多事see sb. doing 看见某人正在干某事 (强调动作正在进行)See sb do sth 看见某人做过某事 (强调动作已结束)eg. We saw them playing basketball at that time.那时我们看见他们在打篮球 17、find it

16、 hard to do sth. 发现做(事)很难 He found it hard to learn math well. 他发现学好数学很难注:it 初中阶段常作:形式主语 /形式宾语 ,而句子真正的主语/宾语则由 to do 来担当.一、介词按其构成可分为: 1. 简单介词 at, in, on, to, since, until 等。如:Hes worked there since 1998.2. 复合介词 into, onto, out of 等。如:She is out of school. 她毕业了。3. 二重介词 from under, from behind, from ou

17、t of, until after, except in 等。如:Im from out of town. 我是从城外来的。4. 短语介词 because of, instead of, in spite of 等。如:I went back not because of the rain, but because I was tired.我回去不是因为下雨,而是因为我累了。二、介词的作用:1. 表示地点: after, along, at, below, by, of, near, over, through, under 等。如:Near the village the boys are

18、skating on the ice. 男孩子们正在村子附近的冰上滑冰。 They lay down under the shade of a tree. 他们躺在一棵树的树阴下。2. 表示时间: about, after, across, at, during, for, in, of, till, until 等。如:After class he will tell us about the accident. 课后他将告诉我们有关事故的情况。A heavy rain has been falling across three days. 一场大雨下了整整三天。The accident h

19、appened during the night. 事故发生在夜间。3. 表示动作: at, across, around, on, over, under 等。如:The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕太阳运行。The car is under repair. 汽车在修理中。4. 表示比较: as, like, above, over, with 等。如:She was something like her sister. 她有几份像她的妹妹。Chinese is much more difficult in contrast with English. 和英语

20、相比,汉语难得多。5. 表示原因: about, for, from, with 等。如:Dont worry about my lessons. 不要担心我的功课。Business kept me from coming. 我因事不能来。He was angry with what I did. 他对我所做的很气愤。6. 表示条件: to, with, without 等。如:Without your advice, he would have failed. 没有你的忠告他可能已经失败了。7. 表示手段、方式: as, by, in, with 等。如:He behaved as a dr

21、unkard. 他的举止如同醉汉一样。Learn the new words by heart.记住这些生词。We see with our eyes.我们用眼睛看。8. 表示距离、数量: from, in, within 等。如:My house is ten miles from the school. 我家离学校十英里。They were thirty in all. 他们总共有三十人。9. 表示目的: as, for 等。如:I only said it as a joke. 我只是把它当作笑话讲的。Its time for class. 到上课的时间了。10. 表示让步: for,

22、with 等。如:For all his effort, he didnt succeed. 虽然他做了一番努力,仍不能成功。With all his money, he is unhappy. 尽管他有钱,但他并不快乐。for还可以引导插入语,例如:I, for one, shall vote against the proposal. 我也投票反对这个提议。一时间介词的用法辨析1. 时间介词 in、on、at、by 的用法辨析.介词 in用来表示一天中某段时间,指天、年、月、季节、周次等。如:in the morningA. 介词 on用来表示某一天或星期几,指明具体的时间。如:on a

23、rainy dayB. 介词 at用来表示特定的时间、节日、年龄等。如:at noonC. 介词 by表示的时候、到、等到已经等用在天、时间的前面。如:by 2 oclock2. 时间介词 in与 after 的用法辨析.介词 in + 一段时间用于一般将来时。如:Well go to school in two weeks. A. 介词 after + 一段时间用于一般过去时。如:My mother came home after half an hour.B. 介词 after + 时间点常用于一般将来时。如:Well go out for a walk after supper.2. 时

24、间介词 for与 since的用法辨析.介词 for 表示一段时间如:I have been living here for 10 years.A. 介词 since 表示从过去某一时间以来如:I have been living here since 2000.2. 时间介词 during与 for的用法辨析.当所指的时间起止分明时用介词 during如:He swims every day during the summer.A. 如果一段时间不明确则用介词 for如:I havent seen her for years.2. 时间介词 before与 by的用法辨析.介词 before

25、表示“在之前”如:He wont come back before five .A. 介词 by表示“到时为止,不迟于”如:The work must be finished by Friday.2. 时间介词 till与 until用法的异同.till和 until用在肯定句中,均可表示“直到为止”,如:I will wait till(until)seven oclockA. till和 until用在否定句中,均可表示“在以前”或“直到才”。如:Tom didnt come back till(until)midnightB. till多用于普通文体,而 until则用于多种文体,并且在

26、句子开头时,用 until而不用till。如:Until he comes back,nothing can be done2. 不用介词表达时间的几种情况.当表示时间的词前有 this, that时,其前面不用介词,如:this morningA. 当表示时间的词前有 next时,其前面不用介词,如:next SundayB. 当表示时间的词前有 last时,其前面不用介词,如:last SundayC. 当表示时间的词前有 one, any, each, every, some或 all时,其前面不用介词,如:You can come any day.二方位介词与地点介词的用法辨析1. 方

27、位介词 on, over, above的用法辨析.介词 on表示一物放在另一物上面,两者紧贴在一起,如:The book is on the table.A. 介词 over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系,即“在上方”,如:Is there any bridge over the river?B. 介词 above表示一般的“高于”,“在之上”,如:There was an electric clock above his bed.2. 方位介词 under与 below的用法辨析.介词 under是 over的反义词即“在下方”,如:They were seen under the tree.A

28、. 介词 below是 above的反义词即“低于”,“在之下”,如:They live below us.2. 方位介词 across,、through、over,、past 的用法辨析.介词 across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”,强调从表面穿过。如:She went across the street to make some purchases. A. 介词 through着重于“穿越”,强调从一定的空间内穿过。如:The sunlight was coming in through the window.B. 介词 over多表示从“上方越过”,如:He failed t

29、o go over the mountain; he had to go round it.C. 介词 past表示从“面前经过”,如:Someone has just gone past the window.2. 方位介词 in、on、at 的用法辨析.介词 in表示“排、行、组”,如:We are in Team One.A. 介词 on表示“左、右”,如:Li Ping is on my left.B. 介词 at表示“前、后”,如:I sit at the front of the classroom.2. 方位介词 to、for 的用法辨析.介词 to表示目的地或去的目的,如:Wi

30、l you take a train to Tianjian.A. 介词 for表示动身去某地,如:He got on a train for Shanghai.2. 地点介词 at与 in的用法辨析.介词 at表示较小的地方,如家、村、乡村等,如:He lives at a small village.A. 介词 in表示较大的地方,如大城市、国家、洲等,如:He lives in Beijing. 2. 地点介词 at与 on的用法辨析.介词 at用于门牌号,如:He lives at No.200, Nanjing Road.A. 介词 on用于路名,如:He lives on Nanj

31、ing Road.2. 地点介词 in、on、to 的用法辨析.介词 in表示“包含”如:Beijing is in the north of China.A. 介词 on表示“紧邻”如:Canada lies on the north of the U.S. B. 介词 to表示“没接触”如:France lies to the south of England.三其他易混介词的用法辨析1. 动作介词 to与 toward的用法辨析. 介词 to表示向某处移动,如:They were driving to work together.A. 介词 toward 表示移向某处,如:Were mo

32、ving toward the light.2. 原因介词 because、as、for 的用法辨析.介词 because表示“因为;由于”指直接的、明确的原因,用来回答 why的问句,语气最强。如:The boy was absent because he was ill.A. 介词 as表示“由于;鉴于”指一种显而易见、谈话双方已知的理由。如:She stayed at home as she had no car.B. 介词 for表示 “因为;由于”指一种间接原因,甚至只是一种附带的说明。如:It must have rained last night, for the road is

33、 wet.2. 材料介词 of和 from的用法.介词 of用于成品与材料的性质不变时,如:The desk is made of wood.A. 介词 from用于成品与材料的性质已变时,如:Wine is made from grapes.2. 表示“用”的介词 in、with、by 的用法辨析.介词 in表示“用材料、语言”如:Can you say it in English?A. 介词 with表示“用工具、某物”如:with a penB. 介词 by表示“用、以、靠、通过方法”如:He prefers traveling by car.2. 介词 between与 among的用法辨析.介词 between 表示“在两者之间”如:Dont sit between the two girls.A. 介词 among表示“在当中(三者或以上)”如:They lived among the mountains in the past.2. 介词 besides与 except的用法辨析.介词 besides表示“除之外(全部计算在内)”如:We have seen the crocodile besides Li Fang.A. 介词 except表示“除之外(不计算在内)”如:We are all Chinese except Tom in our class.

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