1、2010 年硕士学位英语考前辅导词汇专项 825929381英语构词法英语构词法主要有三种： 一、转化(Conversion), 即由一个词类转化成另一词类， 如： blanket (名词)毛毯-（形容词） 概括性的、全面的-（动词）覆盖二、派生 (Derivation)，即通过加前缀或后缀构成另一个词，如：care -careful; careless 三、合成 (Compounding), 即由两个或更多的词合成一个词，如： long-distance, ship-building, heart-broken, sunlight 四、一些次要的构词法 1) 截短法 2) 缩合法一、 转化1
2、 动词转化为名词Let me have a try. 让我试一试 。I like a quiet read after Supper我喜欢晚饭后静静地看一会儿书。Last years catch was four times that of 1995。去年的捕鱼量是 1995 年的 4 倍。They can be used as stock feed它们可用作牲畜的饲料。2 名词转化成动词We have mapped out plans for their utilization。我们制定了 使用计划。The machine bottled 15，000 jars of cold cream
3、a day。这台机器一天能装一万五千瓶冷霜。They eyed him with suspicion.他们带着怀疑的目光注视着他。Our aim is to save the patient and not to doctor him to death我们的目的是把他的病治好，而不是把他治死。I hope we can room together我希望我们能住同一个房间。They breakfasted at the guesthouse。他们在宾馆吃的早餐。3，形容词转化成动词They periodically thinned out leaves。他们定期打掉一些叶子。Wrongs mus
4、t be righted when they are discovered。发现了错误，一定要 改正。He adjusted the lathe and readied the cutting tool。他调好车床，把刀具准备好。His hair is beginning to grey. 他的头发开始变得花白。4 形容词转化成名词Its necessary to make a distinction between right and wrong必须分清 是非。Their jobless total reached a record high since 1940。他们的失业总人数达到 19
5、40 年以来的最高峰He didnt want to disturb the quiet needed by patients。他不愿打扰病人需要的安静环境。5 副词转化成动词2010 年硕士学位英语考前辅导词汇专项 8259293823，000 workers there downed tools。那儿三千工人罢工了。Please forward the letter to my new address. 请把信转到我的新地址。6其他转化I second the motion。我同意该提议。 （数词动词）This is a repeat performance of their old po
6、licy这是他们的故伎重演。 （动词形容词）They held a fancy dress ball他们举行了一次化装舞会。 （名词形容词）We began to march north我们开始 向北进军。 （名词副词）二、派生派生词多由词根（Base）加上前缀（Prefixes）或后缀（Suffixes）构成。1. 前缀ab- 脱离 abnormal abuse Ad- 添加 adjoin 毗连 adverb Anti- 反对、对抗 anti-pollution anti-American Auto- 自动、自己 automobile Bi- 双、两 bicycle bilateral By
7、-附属的、次要的、旁边的 byproduct Centi- 百、百分之一 century centigrade 摄氏温度Co- 一起、共、和 coexist cohesion 结合、凝聚Con- 共同、一起 concur 同时发生 connect compress collect correspond 符合Contra- 反对、相反 contradiction Counter- 反对、逆 countercurrent counterevidence De- 除去 decolor 漂白 decompress Deci- 十分之一 decimal 十进的，小数的di- 二 dioxide dia-
8、 通过、横过 diameter 直径dis- 不、无、解除 disconnect disunite en- -置于 encircle 环绕-使 enlarge enrich ex- 除、离开、出自 exclude extract 拔除、榨取fore- 前、先、预 forecast foresight hemi- 半 hemisphere homo- 同 homogeneous 均匀的、同类的hydro- 水 hydroelectric hyper- 超越 hypersonic hypersensitive in- -在内，向内 -不 （在 l 前为 il; 在 m,b,p 前为 im; 在 r
9、 前为 ir ）Inaccurate invisible imbalance imperfect irregular inter- 在.间， 相互 interchange international kilo- 千 kilometer kilowatt micro- 微，小， 百万分之一 microwaves microeconomics mid- 中 midway mis- 误 mislead mistranslate milli- 千分之一， 豪 milligram millimeter mon(o)- 单， 一 monoxide 2010 年硕士学位英语考前辅导词汇专项 82592938
10、3multi- 多 multinational multimedia neo- 新 neo-Nazi neocolonialism non- 非，不 non-violent non-smoking out- 超过，向外 outdo outlet outlive over- 超过，过分 overwork overtime overcharge phono- 声、音 phonogram 留声机 photo- 光 photograph poly- 多，聚 polyatomic 多原子的 polytechnic 工艺的 post- 在后、补充 postwar postgraduate pre- 在前、
11、预先 prearrange pre-calculate pro- 在前 proceed 进行、继续 project re- -再次、重复 rewrite reread -返回、反对 reaction resistance semi- 半 semiconductor sub- -次于、在下、低 subway -再一次行为 subdivide -稍微 sub-acid sur- 在上、超 surpass surround super- 超 supermarket supersaturate syn-, sum- 同、共 symmetry 对称tele- 远 television telescope
12、 trans- 横过、转移 transport transform tri- 三 triangle un- 不，未 uncommon uni- 单、一 uniform unilateral 单边的under- -不足 undercharge -在. 之下 underground under-mentioned with- 反对、返回 withdraw withhold 保留、抑制 2. 后缀（1） 常见的名词后缀-age -状态、行为或其结果 storage passage -总合、集合 tonnage mileage -al/ ial -状态、行为或其结果 removal proposal
13、- 普通名词 journal manual -ance/ ence/ ancy/ ency resistance constancy dependence frequency -ant/ ent constant 常数 resultant 合力、生成物-(a)tion dictation repetition -er 人、.者、工具、用品 reader driver computer container -ful 一个容器所容的量 spoonful basketful -graph 写、画、记录结果或用具 telegraph photograph -ician .精通者、.家 mathemat
14、ician musician -ics 学 electronics economics -ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition, -tion,-ication, -ization Expansion selection reduction classification 2010 年硕士学位英语考前辅导词汇专项 825929384-ism 主义（或学说） socialism -ist 信仰者， 拥护者，从事 scientist physicist -logy 学 technology biology -ment -行为、动作或其结果 measurement movement
15、 -具体事物、工具 equipment attachment 附件-meter 计、表、仪 thermometer -metry 测量、计量学 geometry 几何学-ness 状态 hardness usefulness -or 人、物 operator conductor -phone 声音 telephone microphone -ry 行为或状态；学科和工作场所 discovery chemistry laboratory -scope 看的器械或镜 telescope microscope -th -.度 length width -抽象的概念 truth warmth -tud
16、e altitude magnitude 巨大-ty, -ity 性质、状态、性 density safety possibility -ure 行为及其结果 exposure pressure -y 法、术、学 telegraphy photography (2)常见的形容词后缀-able .的、能的 countable reliable -al, -ial 有属性的、的 artificial experimental -ant, -ent radiant 辐射的 different -ar molecular 分子的 linear 直线的-en .物质的 wooden leaden -ed
17、 colored old-fashioned -free 无的、免于的 dustfree icefree -ful 充满的，有的 successful colorful -ible 可的 visible compressible 可压缩的-ic, ical economic economical -ish 略带色的， 稍含色的 reddish yellowish -ive- .的，容易的，性的 conductive relative - less 没有的， 无， 不.的 colourless stainless -like 像一样的 childlike warlike -ous 有的， 充满
18、的 homogeneous 同类的 -proof 防 的 waterproof lightproof -some 有点的 troublesome burdensome -y 有的， 充满 的，似.的， 带的 muddy milky dirty -tight 紧密的， 不透.的 watertight airtight (3)常见的动词后缀-ate generate operate -en 使 harden soften -ify 使， 化 electrify intensify-ize 变化为，变成，化 civilize magnetize 2010 年硕士学位英语考前辅导词汇专项 825929
19、385(4)常见的动词后缀-ly relatively comparatively -ward(s) 向 forward(s) downward(s) -ways, wise 表示方向、方式 lengthways= lengthwise 纵向的 clockwise 顺时针的三、合成1合成形容词常见的构成方法如下：（1）形容词名词longdistance oldstyle high pressure lowtemperature（2）形容词十现在分词finelooking easygoing（3）形容词过去分词readymade clearcut（明确的）newborn（4）副词现在分词hard
20、working farreaching fastspreading（5）副词十过去分词newlyinvented badly lighted so called（6）名词十现在分词oxygencontaining peaceloving papermaking（7）名词过去分词handmade powerdriven school-run（8）名词形容词snowwhite paperthin ice-cold（9）形容词十名词+edmediumsized（中型的 fine-grained（steel） 细晶粒（钢） old-fashioned（老式的）（10）形容词十形容词redhot （ir
21、on） 炽热的（铁） light-yellow（浅黄色的） dark blue（深蓝色的）（11）其它overall（plan ） 总的( 计划 ) first rate（第一流的）happy-golucky 逍遥自在的;随遇而安的 ever-victorious（常胜的）face-to-face（面对面的outandout（彻头彻尾的）2合成名词常见的构成方法如下：（1）名词名词motor-way（公路） sunlight： 阳光 heat-resistance（耐热） speedometer（速度计）（2）形容词名词darkroom（暗室） blueprint蓝图） linearexpan
22、sion （线性膨胀）（3）动名词十名词waiting room（候车室） sleepingpills（4）动词名词pickpocket （扒手）break water（防波堤）（5）名词动名词2010 年硕士学位英语考前辅导词汇专项 825929386hand-writing sun-bathing（6）动词十副词get-together（联欢会） break-through（突破）（7）副词十名词onlooker（目击者）（8）副词动词outbreak（爆发） input （9）其它gobetween（中间人） well-being（福利） good-for-nothing（无用之人）to
23、uch-me-not（含羞草）3合成动词的常见构成方法如下：（1）名词动词electroplate （电镀） machine plant（机器种植）（2）副词动词overload（超载） underline （3）形容词十动词whitewash（粉刷） trial produce 试制四、一些次要的构词法1截短法（Clipping ）或缩短法（Shortening）（1）截头（tele ）phone （aero）plane （bi ）cycle （heli）copter（2）去尾math（ematics exam（ination） lab（oratory） taxi（cab ）（3）既截头又去
24、尾或把头尾连在一起（In）flu（enza） fan（ta ）cy （pre）script（ion）2缩合法（Blending）transmitter and receive-transceiver 收发扳机news broadcast-newscast 新闻广播smoke and fog-smog 烟雾breakfast and lunch-brunch 早中饭alloy of aluminum，nickel and cobalt-alnico 铝镍钴合金International Police-Interpol 国际刑警组织2010 年硕士学位英语考前辅导词汇专项 825929387词汇综
25、合练习词汇部分总结：1. compliment/ complement/ contaminate/ contemplate/ competitive/2. constrain/ restrain/ restrict/ strict/ 3. consider / considerate/ considerable/ 4. ingenious/ genius/ 5. ambitious / ambiguous/ obscure6. sophisticated/ complex / intricate/ complicated/philosophical7. famous/ notorious/ a
26、mbitious/8. superficial / substantial/ 9. remedy/ compensate/ 10. diminish/ decrease/ dwindle/ shrink/11. persuade/ convince/advise/ recommend/12. perplex/ confuse/ bewilder/ 13. evoke/ provoke/ 14. require/ acquire/ inquire/ request/ acquaint/15. transaction / transition / transmission / transforma
27、tion/ transfer/ translate/16. function/ friction/ fraction/ 17. keep with / tangle with/deal with / do with / adhere to /devote to/ stick to 18. quarrel / argue / dispute/ discuss/ controversy/19. suspicious/ doubtful/ skeptical20. show/ demonstrate/ exhibit/ illustrate/ 21. respective/ respectable/
28、 respectful/ aspect22. imagine/ imaginative/ imaginary/ imaginable23. perpetual/ permanent/ eternal/ forever/ everlasting/ constant/ 24. instantaneous/ immediate/ directly/ 25. pervasive/ prevalent/widespread26. conserve / reserve/ preserve/ conceive/contrive/concession27. amplify/ magnify/ enlarge/
29、 28. foster/ train/ cultivate/ educate/ 29. enhance/ strengthen/ promote/ 30. distract/ discern/ diffuse/ divert/31. hamper/ hinder/ obstacle/ impede/32. confront/ encounter/ clash/ conflict33. deny/ refuse/ betray/ defy/reject/ neglect/ ignore34. terminate/ expire/ stop / finish/35. dispatch/ detac
30、h/ scratch/ 36. attain/ contain/ retain/ sustain/ detain/37. confide/ confine/ confidential/ 38. distort/ refute/39. recognize/ identify/ admit/ identical/ acknowledge/40. prelude/ exclude/ include/ conclude/41. grieve/ grave/ 42. turbulent/ overwhelm/ chaos/upheaval/43. expect ofrequire .ofdemandof
31、2010 年硕士学位英语考前辅导词汇专项 82592938844. environment/ surrounding/ circumstance/ space/ 45. static/stable/ fixed/ steady46. emigrate/ migrate/ immigrate/47. consent/agree/ conform/comply/ allow /agree/ permit/48. consist/ comprise/ compose/ constitute/49. involve/ revolve/ evolve/ revive/50. justify/ testi
32、fy/ verify/ rectify/ identify/语法词汇部分总结1 Expect/ wish/ intend/mean /want / suppose / think /plan2. want / need/ require / deserve / be worth3. easy/difficult/hard4. look forward to / be used to / be accustomed to / stand up to / adhere to/stick to / pay attention to / objection to /refer to5. time /
33、ability / ambition / anxiety / attempt / claim / decision / desiredetermination / eagerness / failure / hope / intention / need /patienceplan / promise / refusal / reluctant / willingness /wish6. trouble / difficulty / problem / use / busy7. should(could, must, neednt) have done8. resist /avoid / ap
34、preciate / anticipate / admit / allow for consider / deny / enjoy / escape / forbid / favor / advise finish / include / involve / justify / miss / mind / postponepardon / practice / prevent / quit / risk / stand / suggestexcuse / detest / contemplate / face / cant stand9. including / concerning prep
35、. /regarding prep. /supposing /considering prep.10. fitting n. /oncoming adj. /sightseeing n. /provided11. not so much as/ so adj. .as/ just as, so./ in thatmuch as/ even though/ even if / rather than /so as to /now that12. it is(high) time / would rather/would sooner/would as soon/had ratherhad jus
36、t as soon /but for /without/otherwise/supposing/given/what ifif only/in the absence of/whatever/no matter what/whetheror13. let / get/ have14. have / belong/ possess/ love/ hate/ like/ dislike/ own15. lack of / shortage of /want of16. see / hear / feel/ taste/ smell17. advise/suggest/ propose/ recom
37、mend/ order/ command/ demand/ requestdesire / require/ insist/ prefer/ move/ urge/ vote/ imperative/ essentialvital/ ridiculous/ appropriate/ crucial/ natural/ necessary/ strange18. indicative of/ inclusive of/ inform of /avail oneself of19. expect of/require .of/demandof20 make use of / make observ
38、ations of2010 年硕士学位英语考前辅导词汇专项 825929389词汇考察练习常考词汇的记忆方法1 词根词缀记忆法1).Trans-Transmit/ transport/transform/transfer/transparent/ apparent/transaction/bargain/transient 2).VersevertConvert/ reverse/inverse/converse/Conversation3).-serveReserve/ Preserve=maintain/deserve=worthwhile/ conserve/ =keep/Natural
39、 reservation4).-ceiveDeceive/ Perceive=recognize=cognate/ conceive/ =formulate=shape5).spect=viewRespect/ perspective/ inspect/ aspect / prospect/ expect/spectacle=spectator=onlooker6).Sub-Subordinate/ subsequent7).ExExpand/ extend/ express/=offer expire/ exterminate/ external/ extinguish/extinct/in
40、stinctexploit/ exterior/ extensive/ Explore=tap/Exploit=utilize8).-titudeGratitude/ longitude/ magnitude/ latitude/ attitude/ altitude/ multitude/aptitude9).-ferInference/ reference/ conference/ preference/PriorityBooks、Booking、Book worm10).-fyIdentify=equal/Recognize/ verify/testify/ justify/ inten
41、sify/ rectify11).-scribeDescribe/ Prescribe=rule/Ascribe=attribute=owe to/ subscribe=order12).-duceReduce/ deduce/ induce/ conduct/Tempt13).-quireRequire/ inquire/ acquire/14).-finRefine/ define/ confine/ Restrict/ restrain15).AdAdvantage/ advocate/ adopt/ adapt16).-formInform/ conform to/ reform/ t
42、ransform/ formula/ formulate/shape/ formal/ informal17).AcAccess/ acknowledge/ acceptable/ accuse/ acquaint with18).DistDistinguish/ distinct/ 19).-veneIntervene/ interfere/convention/ prevent20).-ruptCorrupt/ bankrupt/ erupt/ disrupt21).-sume2010 年硕士学位英语考前辅导词汇专项 8259293810Resume/ consume/ presume/
43、assume22).-tributeContribute/ attribute/ distribute23)-ibleEligible=fit/ edible/24)under-Undertake/ undermine=weaken/ undergo=experience/ underline=emphasize/highlight/ underway=ongoing understand/ underneath/ underground/ understate/2 语义分类记忆法1).提供、给予和作用Furnish/ provide/offer/ faciliatate=promote/fa
44、cility/ function2）复杂、高级、迷惑和难懂Sophisticate/ advance/ confuse/ complicated/ intricate3）起源、派生、进化和发展Originate/ derive/ evolve/ descend/ per man ent4）各自、私自、独特和特权Individual/ private/ specialty/ previlage/ prestige 5）减少、下降、崩溃、灭绝和终止Reduce/ diminish/ exterminate/ terminate/ shrink/ vanish/ disappear/ fade/ eliminate/ decline/ collapse/ / expire/ valid 6）指定、分配、分离和派遣Assign/ design/ distribute/ dispatch/ detach/allocate/ appoint7）识别、认同、认可、考察、鉴别和承认Identify/ admit/ verify/ inspect/ distinct/ differ/ discern/8）限制、制约、限定、规则、要求和决议Confine/ restrict/ restrain/ regulate/ resolution/ requrement/ commit/ practices9
