1、 “五四”论文：系统理论视角下对“五四”时期戏剧翻译的研究【中文摘要】 ”五四”运动是中国历史上的一个重要时期,当时的中国无论是在社会状况还是在文化方面都处在一个转折时期。在这一时期,中国的翻译事业达到了又一个高潮,而这一时期也促进了我国话剧的发展,通过对外国戏剧的翻译和介绍,使中国的话剧无论是在选材还是创作技巧上都发生了改变,并使其逐渐趋向成熟。本文研究“五四”时期的话剧翻译,主要是对英语翻译成汉语的情况进行研究。本文以翻译系统理论(多元系统理论,规范理论和改写理论)为理论框架,对这一时期不同译者对剧本的选择和翻译策略的运用进行描写和解释。多元系统理论,规范理论和改写理论都是语语言文化取向,
2、强调目标系统诸因素对翻译的影响和制约以及翻译对语文化文学系统的影响。依据这些理论,戏剧翻译和其他文本类型的文学翻译一样,也要受到语社会和文化系统的操控,社会环境和戏剧系统对戏剧文本的选择和翻译策略的选择会产生重要影响。 “五四”时期对外国的戏剧进行了大量的翻译,从 1917-1924 年之间,据不完全统计,出版翻译剧本达 170 余部,涉及近二十个国家的七十多位剧作家。本研究表明,这一时期选择剧本并对其进行翻译的标准有两个:一个是“为艺术而艺术”,标榜纯粹的艺术;另一个是为现实服务,戏剧要能反映社会问题,批判现实。研究显示,影响译者翻译策略的因素是多方面的,但在具体某一个翻译个案里,总会有某一
3、个因素占主导地位。本文进行分析的洪深翻译的王尔德的少奶奶的扇子,运用的主要翻译策略是改译,是归化,该译本迎合了当时社会的意识形态和观众的期待,演出获得了巨大成功。而“五四”时期,中国的戏剧文学正处于转型时期,为了引进新的戏剧形式和戏剧技巧,一些剧本也进行了直译,如田汉翻译的莎乐美 。通过对这两个剧作翻译的研究,可以看出,影响这一时期翻译策略选择的因素主要有:目标系统的社会状况及其意识形态,目标系统的戏剧子系统的规范及其发展变化,译者的翻译以及观众的期待等。无论译者采取怎样的翻译策略,他们的译作都在一定程度上受到了对目标文化文学系统制约,同时也对目标文化系统特别是戏剧子系统产生了较大影响。【英文
4、摘要】The May 4th Movement is an important period in Chinese history. At that time whether the social conditions or culture of China were all in a transitional period. In this period, it witnessed another climax of translation in China and it also contributed to the development of drama. Through the tr
5、anslation and presentation of foreign plays, the dramas of China both in the selection of texts and writing skills have changed and it gradually matures.This thesis studies the dramatic translation of the May 4th Movement-mainly the drama translated from English into Chinese. Taking system theory（Po
6、lysystem Theory, norms and rewriting theory） as its theoretical framework, this thesis describes and explains the selection of the texts and different translatorschoice of translation strategies in this period. Polysystem Theory, norms and rewriting theory are all target-oriented, which emphasize th
7、e impacts and constrains of various factors of the target system on the translation and the influences of translation on the target literary system. According to these theories, like other literary types of translation, drama translation is also dominated by the forces of target culture and society.
8、 So the target environment and the drama system of the May 4th Movement exerted great impact on the translation of foreign dramas regarding the selection of texts and the choice of translation strategies in the processA large number of foreign dramas were translated into Chinese during the May 4th M
9、ovement. According to incomplete statistics, about 170 play texts were translated and published, involving nearly 70 writers of 20 countries. This study shows that there are two standards for the selection of the script in this period: one is“art for art sake”which is for the pure art; the other is
10、the reality service. Drama is able to reflect social problems and criticizes the reality.The study shows that the factors which influence the translation strategies are various, but there is always one factor in the dominant position in a special case of translation, for example, Hong Shens adaptati
11、on of Wildes Lady Windermeres Fan analyzed in this thesis, the main translation strategy used is adaptation and domestication. This translation met the ideology of the society and the expectations of the audiences of that time, so the performance of this play was a great success. However, in the tim
12、e of the May 4th Movement, the dramatic literature of China was in a transition period. In order to import new styles and skills of drama, some scripts were translated literally, like Tian Hans translation of Wildes Salome. Through the investigation of these two translation scripts, it shows that th
13、e main factors which influenced the choice of the translation strategies were: the social situation and ideology of the target system, the norms and development and changes of drama in the subsystem of the target system, the intentions of the translator and the expectations of the audiences etc. No
14、matter what translation strategies the translators used, their translations were restricted to some extent by target literature literary system, yet their translation also made great influence on the target literature system especially the theater subsystem.【关键词】 ”五四” 戏剧翻译 翻译策略【英文关键词】the May 4th dra
15、ma translation translation strategy【目录】系统理论视角下对“五四”时期戏剧翻译的研究 Acknowledgements 4-5 Abstract 5-6 摘要 7-11 Chapter One Introduction 11-13 Chapter Two Drama and Drama Translation 13-21 2.1 Definition of Drama 13 2.2 Features df Drama 13-15 2.3 Duality of Drama Translation 15-16 2.4 Studies on Drama Trans
16、lation in China 16-17 2.5 Studies on Drama Translation in the West 17-18 2.6 An Overview of Drama Translation Around the May 4th Movement 18-21 2.6.1 Classification of translated drama 18-19 2.6.2 Translators and number of translated drama 19-21 Chapter Three Systems Theories 21-29 3.1 Polysystem Th
17、eory 22-24 3.1.1 The origin of the Polysystem Theory 22-23 3.1.2 Main ideas of Polysystem Theory 23-24 3.2 Norm Theory 24-25 3.3 Rewriting Theory 25-26 3.4 Summary 26-29 Chapter Four Factors Affecting the Selection of Scripts Around the May 4(th) Movement 29-37 4.1 The Selection of Texts for the Pur
18、e Art 29-30 4.2 The Selection of Text for Social Evolution 30-35 4.2.1 The social background of this period 30-32 4.2.2 The outbreak of drama revolution 32-33 4.2.3 For the sake of social evolution 33-35 4.3 Other Factors That Affecting the Selection of the Texts 35 4.4 Summary 35-37 Chapter Five St
19、rategies Adopted for Translating the Dramatic Texts Around the May 4(th) Movemen 37-52 5.1 Analysis of Tian HanS Translation Of Salome 37-44 5.1.1 A brief introduction to Tian Han 37-38 5.1.2 Synopsis of Salome 38-40 5.1.3 Translation strategies adopted by Tian Han and factors affecting his choice 4
20、0-43 5.1.4 Influence of Tian HanS translation on early Chinese drama 43-44 5.2 Analysis of Hong ShenS Translation of Lady WindermereS Fan 44-50 5.2.1 A brief introduction to Hong Shen 44-45 5.2.2 Synopsis of Lady WindermereS Fan 45-46 5.2.3 Strategies used by Hong Shen 46-50 5.3 Summary 50-52 Chapter Six Conclusion 52-56 Bibliography 56-60 攻读学位期间发表的学术论文目录 60-61
