1、1201112英语国家社会与文化复习提纲Chapter1 IntroductionThe flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of three crosses. The second Nordic Invasion at the end of the 8th century changed the history of Western Europe. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the so
2、uth and North Sea in the east.invasion from the Roman Empire and its influences (Roman civilization was based on city life in hundreds of walled towns linked by military roads; The Romans introduced Christianity into Britain. ) Second Nordic Invasion: At the end of the 8th centuryChanged the history
3、 of Western EuropeAlfred the Great: a remarkable leader and scholar; Founded the first “public” schools for noblemen and magistrates; began what we now called the Anglo-Saxon “Chronicle”, the first historical record composed in English.the ancestors of the English and the founders of England: the An
4、glo-SaxonsThe Tower of London (built by William the Conqueror)Chapter 2 the Government of the UKThe UK today is a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary democracy. The parliament: it was first used officially in 1236 to describe the gathering of feudal barons and representatives from counties a
5、nd towns which the king occasionally summoned if he wanted to raise money. The three institutions in the British parliament (the Queen, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons) are interdependent as they are all involved in the process of legislation.The foreign and Commonwealth Office, the Pri
6、me Minister, the Ministry of Defense and the Treasury are involved in making foreign policy.制定外交政策The current British government is the first coalition government since World War II. The two major parties The Conservative party the Republican Party, formed in the 1850s, by people in the states of th
7、e North and West.Americas first constitution:the Articles of Confederation(邦联条款)The Congress of the United States is divided into two houses: the House of Representatives that comprises lawmakers who serve two-year terms the Senate that comprises lawmakers who serve six-year terms.the power of the A
8、merican president P56 总统权利 判断#Industrial Revolution in America (P83):The first factory in the United States: in 1793, Englishman, Samuel Slater, a cotton textile mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island.The best-known stock exchange is New York Stock Exchange, located in Wall Street area of New York City.#Ch
9、apter 9 American LiteratureWashington Irving,第一个以写作为生的作家 Rip Van Winkle The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, History of New YorkJames Fenimore Cooper,: Leatherstocking Tales 皮袜子系列Ralph Emerson and his Nature, the Bible of the New EnglandEdgar Alan Poes role in American literature, Father of detective story
10、The Masque of the Red Death ,The Fall of the House of Usher4Nathanial Hawthorne and his the Scarlet Letter, 第一个以象征手法写的作品Ernest Hemingway and his major works (P109) The Sun Also Rises 太阳照常升起 Farewell to Arms (永别了, 武器)For Whom the Bell Tolls (丧钟为谁而鸣) The Torrents of Spring (春天的急流)The Old Man and the S
11、ea (老人与海) Henry James:novels about Europeans living in American ,the founder of psychological realism Mark Twain and his The Gilded Age(The United States developed very quickly during the period between the Civil War and World War I. 工业革命阶段 Mark Twain described the time as the Gilded Ages in which s
12、uperficial prosperity covered tremendous poverty and suffering.The ten years between 1919 and 1929, usually called the “Roaring Twenties” or the “Jazz Age”, a time of carefree prosperity, isolation from the worlds problems, bewildering social changes and a feverish pursuit of pleasure. The masterpie
13、ce of T.S. Eliot: The Waste LandToni Morrison won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1993, the first Afro-American writer to receive this honor. Also win the Pulitzer Prize.Chapter 10 American Education#the ladder education system In the 19th century-Ladder system of education P127#The Servicemens Re
14、adjustment Act, or GI Bill of Rights P131#the development of American higher education (ppt)填选 P127Chapter 11 Social Movements of the 1960sThe civil rights movement, together with the youths anti-war movement, and womens movement during the 1960s had been deeply rooted in US history. Chapter 12 Fore
15、ign Relations of the United Statesthe Louisiana Purchase doubled Americas geographical space Jeffersons most important achievement :The purchase of Louisiana Territory from France,between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains Chapter 13 CanadaThe capital city of Canada OttawaFrench colonists
16、 first came and settled Canada.Around the beginning of the 20th century, Chinese laborers came to Canada to build the Canadian Pacific Railroad.Bilingualism 双语制Apart from Paris, France, Montreal is regarded as the largest French-speaking city in the world, known as “Paris the Second”Multiculturalism 多元文化制Chapter 14 AustraliaAustralias practice of racial segregation 种族隔离The gold rush5the massive post-war immigration program