1、高中英语必修 2（外研版）Unit 1 Our Body and Healthy Habits 知识点总结一、重点词汇词义辨析：injure/hurt/wound/cut 四者都可以指“伤害、伤痛”。意义injure 指损害健康、成就、容貌等，强调功能的损失。hurt 既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上的伤害。wound 指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤，是出血的、严重的伤，特指战场上的受伤。cut 无意中造成的轻伤。Drinking can injure ones health. 喝酒对人的健康有害。Im sorry I hurt you; I didnt mean to.对不起，我弄伤了你；我不
2、是故意的。The robber wounded him with a knife.那个强盗用刀刺伤了他。How did you get that cut on your hand?你手上的伤口是怎么弄的？词义辨析：normal/common/general/ordinary 这四个词都有“普通的”、“ 常见的” 意思。其区别是：normal 强调人或物“符合常态或常规”。common 强调许多事物具有某种共同点而“不足为奇”。general 侧重“普遍”之意，普遍于大多数人或事物中。ordinary 与一般事物的性质标准相同，强调“平常”而无奇特之处。Its normal to feel ti
3、red after such a long trip.长途旅行后感到累是很正常的。His name was Hansen, a common name in Norway. 他的名字叫汉森，在挪威是一个常见的名字。As a general rule, prices follow demands.一般而言，物价随需求而变化。Now electrical appliances have entered into ordinary families.现在，家用电器已经步入普通家庭。diet n.饮食；节食 1. a healthy/balanced diet：健康的 /均衡的饮食2. go/be o
4、n a diet：用规定食谱；节食You dont have to go on a diet to lose weight.你不需要靠节食来减肥。anxious adj. 焦虑的；渴望的 1. be anxious about sth.：为担心，忧虑2. be anxious for sth.：渴望3. be anxious to do sth.：急于，渴望做某事I am anxious about the parcel because it hasnt arrived. 我对这包裹很担心，因为它还没到。The whole country was anxious for peace.全国上下都
5、渴望和平。She was anxious to finish school and get a job.她渴望毕业找一份工作。be crazy about：迷恋 Hes still crazy about both his work and his hobbies. 他对工作和个人爱好依然保持狂热。begin with：以开始 The teacher began his class with a question.老师以一个问题开始他的讲课。be/get injured：受伤 He got injured through his own carelessness. 他由于粗心受伤了。breat
6、he in/out：吸入/呼出 In large cities people breathe in dangerous gases from cars and chimneys.在大城市人们呼吸时吸入汽车和烟囱排出的有害气体。一词多义：fit adj. 健康的，强壮的；合适的 v.适合，适应 Mr. Smith needs more exercises to keep fit.（keep fit：保持健康）史密斯先生需要更多的锻炼以保持身体健康。Hes been ill and isnt fit for work yet. （be fit for：适合）他一直在生病，尚不能工作。This ne
7、w jacket fits her well. 这件夹克很合她的身。一词多义：head n. 头部；头脑 v. 朝前进；前往 The ship came about and headed for the shore.轮船调转般向朝海岸驶去。拓展：英语中有些名词可转化为动词，如：eye n. 眼睛 v.（用眼睛看）注视；端详face n. 脸 v. 面对picture n. 照片，影片 v. 画；拍照dress n. 礼服 v.打扮，穿衣阅读必备词汇 rare adj. 稀少的；罕有的rarely adv. 罕有地wealthy adj. 富裕的 overweight adj. 太胖的；超重的
8、symptom n. 症状insurance n. 保险 questionnaire n. 问卷调查 awful adj. 糟糕的；可怕的；充满敬畏的become ill 生病have a temperature 发烧putinto 将投入/放入take exercise 锻炼lie down 躺下二、重点句型So as you can see from what Ive said, Im a normal kind of person. 解析：本句的主干是“Im a normal kind of person”；“as you can see from what Ive said”是由 as
9、 引导的一个定语从句；what 引导的是 from 的宾语从句。翻译：因此，正如你能从我所说的看到的一样，我只是一个普通人。拓展：as 引导的定语从句在写作中应用相当广泛，常见的结构有：“as is known to all”; “as we all know”意思都是“众所周知” 。Because of this, I make sure that I have a good diet, and as Ive said,this isnt a problem because my mother feeds us so well. 解析：本句的主干是“I make sure that and
10、this isnt a problem”，由 and 连接一个并列句。 “that I have a good diet” 是 make sure 的宾语从句，“Because of this”是一个介词结构，表示原因； “as Ive said”是一个定语从句，修饰“this isnt a problem”；because 引导的是一个原因状语从句。翻译：因此，我得确保合理膳食；而且正如我前面所说，合理膳食并不是一个问题，因为我母亲把我们照顾得很好。Britain was the first country in the world to have a free health care sy
11、stem paid for the by the government. 解析：本句的主干是“Britain was the first country in the world”；“to have a free health care system”是动词不定式结构作定语，修饰前面的 country；“paid for the by the government”是过去分词结构作定语，修饰前面的system。翻译：英国是世界上第一个拥有免费医疗系统的国家，整个医疗体系都是由政府资助的。拓展：非谓语作定语在写作中应用相当广泛，有时简单的定语从句可以考虑使用非谓语来代替，这样可以使语言简练地道，
12、例如：The boy whose name is Tom is popular with his classmates.The boy named Tom is popular with his classmates.They see doctors who work for themselves and pay the doctors through the health insurance company. 解析：本句的主干是“They see doctors and pay the doctors”；who 引导的是一个定语从句，修饰前面的doctors；through 引导的是一个介词
13、结构，表示方式。翻译：他们看自己的专属医生，并通过医疗保险公司进行支付。三、重点语法词的转化- 名词用作动词 含义：词的转化（conversion ）是英语构词法中的主要方法之一。它指的是一个词不改变词形，而由一种词类转化成另一种或几种词类。本模块学习名词转化为动词的用法。名词转化为动词是现代英语中很普遍的现象，同时也是转化构词中最活跃的一种。人们经常把名词不加任何改变就当作动词使用。用法：很多表示物件（如下 1）、身体部位（如下 2）、某类人（如下 3）的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，某些抽象名词（如下 4）也可作动词。例如：1. Did you book a seat on the plan
14、e?你订好飞机座位了吗?2. We set sail at dawn and headed for New York.我们在黎明起程，直驶纽约。3. She nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。4. We lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。体会更多名词用作动词的例子，看你能准确地理解名词动词化后的词意吗？1. Hes always bossing his wife about.2. The escaped prisoner was cornered at last.3. Stop mothering her, sh
15、es 30 years old and can take care of herself perfectly well.4. People were streaming out of the station.5. I did not like the way he eyed me.6. Mr. Smith noons for half an hour every day.7. He doesnt have all ideas of his own. He just parrots what other people say.答案揭晓：1. boss around 颐指气使；把呼来唤去2. co
16、rner 将逼入困境3. mother 像母亲一般地照料4. stream 涌出；川流不息；蜂拥5. eye 看；定睛地看6. noon 午休7. parrot 学舌；盲目重复或模仿除了名词转化为动词外，还有副词，连词等转化为动词，动词转化为名词，形容词副词等转化为名词。如：We downed our coffee and left.我们喝完咖啡就离开了。（down 常为副词，意为“向下”，这里作动词，意为“ 喝下”）The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。（old 常作形容词，这里作名词，the old 意为
17、“老人” ）Lets go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。（walk 常作动词，这里用作名词，意为“散步” ）We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。（better 常作形容词，这里作动词，意为“ 改善”）will 与 be going to 本单元学习 will 和 be going to 表示 “将要”。will be going to表将要 临时决定 提前计划，安排，打算表示推测，揣想依据直觉、经验或知识等依据观察到的迹象、证据等表示“将要”1. -“Kate is in
18、 hospital.” -“Oh, really, I didnt know. I will go and see her at once.”（临时决定去看 Kate）。2. -“Kate is in hospital.”-“Yes, I know. I am going to see her this afternoon.”（提前已打算好 去看 Kate）拓展：1. 推测，揣想：I think it will be rainy tomorrow.我认为明天有雨。Look at the clouds; its going to rain.看看这些云，又要下雨了。2. 在“主将从现”中，一般用
19、will，而不用 be going to。例如：I wont go if he doesnt come.他不来，我就不去。高中英语必修 2（外研版）Unit 2 No drugs 知识点总结一、重点词汇词义辨析：likely/possible/probable 三者都可以表示“可能的”，possible 可能性最小，probable 可能性最大，但用法不同。主语 用法likely 人/物/it sb. be likely to do sth.It is likely + that 从句possible it It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.It is po
20、ssible +that 从句probable it It is probable +that 从句因此，“我们学英语时可能会犯错 ”可以表述为：We are likely to make mistakes when learning English.=It is likely/possible/probable that we make mistakes when learning English.=It is possible for us to make mistakes when learning English. 词义辨析：affect/effect/influence 这些动词均含
21、“影响”之意，但在词性和意义上有差别。词性 意义affect vt. 主要指一时的影响。effect n.（可数或不可数） affect 的名词形式， have an effect on 意为：对有影响。influence vt. that B. so; that C. such; as D. so; as解析：1. B. 考查结果状语从句，such + (a/an) + adj. +可数名词（复数）/不可数名词+ that。句意：这位老师的教学方式如此生动，以至于我们永远都忘不了他教授的内容。2. B. 句意为 “她说得太快了，我听不清楚她说什么。考查结果状语从句的引导词，so + adj.
22、/adv.+ that.。3. B. 考查结果状语从句引导词的选用，虽然句中出现了名词 problems，但是因为名词前 few，只能选so.that.。知识点总结：so/such 区别There is so little water left that I have to buy some. （little 表示“少” ）He is such a little boy that we all like him. （little 表示“ 小”）高中英语必修 2（外研版）Unit 3 Music 知识点总结一、重点词汇lose v.丧失，失去 1. be lost in sth.：全神贯注于名词
23、 such形副 so； such+(a/an)+adj.+可数名词（复数）/不可数名词+that.so+adj./adv.+thatso+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+that.多多少少，都用 so so+many/much/few/little 等+名词+ that.little 一词有多义小用 such，少用soso+little（少）+ 名词. + thatsuch+a little（小）+ 名词+that.2. get lost/lose ones way ：迷路 He was so lost in reading that he missed the train for work
24、. 他看书太入神了，误了上班的火车。 They got lost because they went in the wrong direction.他们走错了方向，所以迷了路。mix v.混合，搅拌 1. mix (sth.) with sth. ：把.与.混合2. mix up ：混淆，弄乱The powder is mixed with cold water is to form a paste. 用冷水把粉末搅拌成糊状。I must have got the times mixed up.我肯定是把时间弄混了。拓展： mixture 混合物，混杂体be impressed with st
25、h：对 留下深刻印象 Youll be impressed with the brightness and the beauty of the colors. 色彩的明艳美丽会让你大饱眼福。拓展：1. impression n. 印象leave/give/make an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象2. impressive adj.令人印象深刻的split up：解散；决裂；离婚 Did you know that John and Mary have split up? 约翰和玛丽已经分手了，你知道吗？After the meeting we split up and
26、 went home.散会以后，我们就分开回家了。make a note of：记录（=take a note of） Make a note of the reference number shown on the form.把表格上的编码记下来。have an influence on：对有影响 Both society and family have an influence on the childrens development.社会和家庭都会影响孩子的发展。阅读必备词汇 audience n. 听众 genius n.天才symphony n.交响乐；交响曲；交响乐团compose
27、 vt.作曲；创作catchy adj. 动人的complex adj.复杂的record vt.录音二、重点句型After studying music in Vienna, Haydn went to work at the court of a prince in easternAustria, where he became director of music. 解析：本句的主干是“Haydn went to work at the court of a prince in eastern Austria”；after 引导部分是一个介词结构，表示时间；where 引导的是一个定语从句
28、，修饰前面的 court。翻译：在维也纳学习音乐之后，海顿去奥地利东部一个王子的宫廷工作，在那里他成了音乐指挥家。拓展：where 引导的非限制性定语从句在写作中应用非常广泛，例如：Last week, we went to the park near our school. We had a good time there.Last week, we went to the park near our school, where we had a good time.Having worked there for 30 years, Haydn moved to London, where
29、he was verysuccessful. 解析：本句的主干是“Haydn moved to London”；“Having worked there for 30 years”是一个现在分词结构作时间状语；“where he was very successful”是由 where 引导的定语从句，修饰前面的 London。翻译：在那里工作了 30 年后，海顿移居伦敦。在伦敦他非常的成功。拓展：“having done”这一结构在写作中应用非常广泛，适当使用不但可以体现语言的多样性，更能使句子显得简单地道，例如：After we got everything ready we began
30、to head for the park.Having got everything ready, we began to head for the park.He showed musical talent when he was very young, and learned to play the violin andpiano from his father, who was a singer. 解析：本句的主干是“He showed musical talent and learned to play the violin and piano from his father”；“wh
31、enhe was very young”是一个由 when 引导的时间状语从句；“who was a singer”是由 who 引导的定语从句，修饰前面的father。翻译：他在很小的时候就表现出了音乐天赋,并从他的父亲那学会了拉小提琴和钢琴。他父亲是一个歌手。However, it was Haydn who encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna. 解析：本句是一个强调句，结构是 it was+ Haydn +who+ encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna，原句是：Haydn encouraged Beetho
32、ven to move to Vienna.翻译：然而，鼓励贝多芬去维也纳的人正是海顿。拓展：强调句型的基本结构是：It is/was +被强调部分+that+ 其它部分(如果强调的是人，其中的 that 还可以换成who)。如何区分强调句型其实很简单，只要把 It is/was +that/who 去掉，如果剩余部分通过调整语序组成一个完整的句子，那该句子就是强调句，否则就不是。三、重点语法状语从句：时间状语从句（ when/while/as）when, while, as 都可作“当时“解。若主句表示短暂性动作，从句表示持续性动作，三者都可用。He fell asleep when/whi
33、le/as he was reading.他看书时睡着了。实际考查时，一般考查三者的区别：1. when 一般表示时间点；while 表示时间段。例如：When we arrived in Beijing, it was raining. (arrive 不是延续性动词)我们到达北京时，天正在下雨。Please do not trouble me while I am writing my homework. (write 是延续性动词)我写作业时请不要打扰我。2. when 表示“这时(突然)”；while 表示“而”、“却”( 表示对比)We were about to start whe
34、n it began to rain.我们正要出发，天突然开始下雨了。He likes coffee, while she likes tea.他喜欢咖啡，而她却喜欢茶。3. as 表示“ 随着；一边 ，一边” 。As children get older, they become more and more interested in everything.随着孩子日渐长大，他们对一切变得越来越感兴趣。过去完成时 1. 概念表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。2. 构成：had+过去分词3. 用法（1）发生在过去以前的动作，已结束，对过去造成影响。它不能离开
35、过去时间而独立存在，多与 already， yet， just， before， never 等时间副词及 by, before, when 等引导的短语或从句连用。如：When we got to the cinema, the film had already begun.当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始了。（2）发生在过去以前的动作或状态，一直延续到过去的这一时间，而且还可能继续下去，常和 for, since构成的短语或引导的从句连用。By the time I left the school, he had taught the class for 3 years.到我毕业时，他已经
36、教那个班三年了。拓展：（1）用在 “It was the first/second/thirdtime that”句型中，that 从句要用过去完成时。This was the first time that they had met in thirty years.这是三十年里他们第一次见面。（2）动词 hope, wish, expect, think, intend, suppose 等用过去完成时表示本来打算做而没有做的事，含有某种惋惜。We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.我们本来希望你能力，但是你没有。高中英语必修 2（外研
37、版） Unit 4 Fine Arts-Western, Chinese and Pop Arts 知识点总结一、重点词汇词义辨析：alive/living/live/lively 都有“活着的” 意思，含义和所做成分各有不同。含义 用法alive 人或物“ 活着的 ”，侧重生与死的界限。 表语，只做后置定语或补语living 人或物“ 尚在人间，健在的” 定语，表语live 物“活着的” ，也有 “实况转播的” 名词前做定语lively 人或物“ 活泼的，活跃，充满生气的” 定语，表语，补语The man alive is greater than he.在活着的人中，没有人比他更伟大。Th
38、e living must finish the work of those dead.活着的人必须完成那些死去的人的事业。He said he had seen a live whale.他说他见过活鲸鱼。He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 他有一种奇特的方法，使他的课生动有趣。词义辨析：destroy/damage/ruin 都有“破坏” 的意思，程度和用法有不同。destroy 通常指无法修护的损坏。damage 部分的损坏，可以修复。ruin 彻底的毁坏，通常指由自然现象、疏忽等造成的破坏
39、。The fire destroyed the building.大火毁灭了大楼。Smoking will damage your health.抽烟会损害你的健康。He ruined his prospects by carelessness.他因粗心大意断送了前途。be/get tired of：对.厌烦 Im so tired of your stinky shoes. 我真受不了你的臭鞋子。tell by：从.可看出 In England，its easy to tell a persons class by his speech在英国，根据一个人的言谈就很容易判断出其所属的社会阶层。
40、put off：推迟；延期 Because of the bad weather, we suggested putting off the meeting till tomorrow.因为坏天气，我们建议把会议推迟到明天。拓展：put 词组1. put up with：忍受2. put out ：熄灭，扑灭3. put down：记录，写下4. put forward： 提出5. put up：举起；张贴一词多义：adopt vt.采纳，采用；领养 The store recently adopted a drug testing police for all new employees.这
41、家商店进来实行新雇员做药检的政策。Sally was adopted when she was 4. Sally 四岁时被人领养。一词多义：stand vt. 站立，坐落于；忍受 There stands a tall building between the bus station and the shopping center.在车站和购物中心坐落着一座建筑物。I cant stand people smoking around me when i am eating.我受不了吃饭的时候有人在我旁边抽烟。拓展：英文中表达“忍受”含义的词还有：bear，endure ，tolerate，pu
42、t up with一词多义： realize/realise vt.意识到；实现 Only after you lose your health, will you realize the importance of health.唯有在失去健康之后，我们才能意识到健康的重要。My dream of being a teacher will be realized in 3 years.我当一名教师的梦想会在三年内实现。一词多义： observe v. 观察；遵守 Officers observed him driving at 90 miles per hour.警察发现他以 40 英里每小
43、时的时速驾车。（obseve sb. doing sth.观察某人正在做某事）It is required that all traffic participants should observe the traffic rules to make traffic safer and faster.确保交通顺利，每个人都要遵守交通规则。阅读必备词汇 contemporary adj. 当代的delightful adj.令人愉悦的scene n.景色；风景aspect n.方面imitate vt. 模仿；临摹reality n.真实；现实；逼真exhibition n.展览expressio
44、n n.表现；表达landscape n.风景；景色portrait n. 画像；肖像；人像realistic adj.现实主义的二、重点句型This is a painting by the Spanish artist, Pablo Picasso, considered to be the greatestwestern artist of the twentieth century. 解析：本句的主干是“This is a painting”“ by the Spanish artist”是一个介词结构作定语，修饰前面的artist；“Pablo Picasso”是同位语，解释补充前面
45、的 artist；“considered to be the greatest western artist of the twentieth century”是一个过去分词结构作定语，修饰前面的 artist。翻译：这是一幅西班牙艺术家毕加索的画，他被认为是 20 世纪最伟大的西方艺术家。拓展：在写作中适当使用同位语可以提高语言质量，例如：Tom is from England. He is popular with his classmates.Tom, a boy from England, is popular with his classmates.Picasso and anoth
46、er painter, George Braque, started Cubism, one of the most important of all modern art movements. 解析：本句的主干是“Picasso and another painter started Cubism”；“George Braque”是同位语，解释说明前面的painter； “one of the most important of all modern art movements”也是同位语，解释说明前面的Cubism。翻译：毕加索和另一个画家乔治布拉克开始立体主义-最重要的现代艺术运动之一。
47、People generally agree that Pablo Picasso, who lived from 1881 to 1973, is thetwentieth-centurys greatest western artist. 解析：本句的主干是“People generally agree that”；that 引导的是 agree 的宾语从句；“who lived from 1881 to 1973”是一个由 who 引导的定语从句，修饰前面的 Pablo Picasso。翻译：人们普遍认为毕加索(1881-1973)是二十世纪最伟大的西方艺术家。三、重点语法非谓语动词：d
48、oing 和 to do 作宾语 doing/to do 作宾语一般考查 固定搭配，先看下面两道经典例题：1. When I went to visit her, she was the piano.A. practicing to play B. practicing play C. practicing playing D. practiced playing2. I cant stand with Tom in the same dorm. He just refuses talking while others sleep.A. living; stopping B. to live;
49、 stopping C. living; to stop D. to live; to stop解析：1. C. 根据句意，应该是过去进行时，所以是 was practicing；又因为 practice doing sth.是固定搭配，所以选 C。2. C. 考查非谓语动词的固定搭配： cant stand doing sth. “无法忍受做某事 ”；refuse to do sth. “拒绝做某事”该考点下，同学们需要牢记：1. 只能跟 to 作宾语的动词：afford, aim, appear, decide, choose, desire, expect, hope, fail, happen, hesitate, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse 等。2. 只能跟 doing 作宾语的动词或词组：（1）只能跟 doing 作宾语的动词：admit, advise, allow, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, finish, ima
