1、Unit 3 Inventors and inventions第一部分金色教案教学设计说明About the topic and the structures单元话题和结构本单元的中心话题是“发明家与发明” ，具体涉及“发明与发现的区别” ，“发明产生的过程”和“申请发明专利的条件” 。通过本单元的学习，可以帮助学生树立生活的信心，激励学生开动脑筋，发挥想象力和创造力去发明以解决生活中可能遇到的问题；同时告诉学生不要害怕失败， 成功的发明家往往要经历很多次实验的失败。通过本单元的语言技能训练，要求学生学会使用正确得体的英语打电话以及写求职信。本单元语言功能项目是：打电 话。本单元语言结构项目是
2、“复习过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补语” 。本单元还要求学生学习写作“应用写作：求职信” 。金色教案教学设计在单元课时 划分上与课本保持一致，即“阅读课、知识课、运用课三课时/三课型划分” 。但在实际教学过程中，建议教师依据学生基础、教学条件、学校安排的因素，对课本、对金色教案教学设计重新划分课时，裁剪、拼接使用提供的材料，以便“物尽所用” ，达到最佳教学效果。教师也可以参照金色教案提供的“实际教学过程课时划分建议”进行教学。Period 1Reading 阅读课Warming Up 建议教师通过 Warming up by learning about the past participle
3、used as attributives让学生了解发明与发现的区别并讨论描述一些熟悉的现代文明，为本单元 Reading部分的精彩故事做好了词汇铺垫。Pre-reading 课本提供了发明家为了让其发明得到认可所必须通过的六个程序， 教师也可以使用本书 Pre-reading by talking about invention进行预读教学。 Reading 是一篇记叙文。故事讲的是一个女孩如何通过多次尝试最后成功地把在她母亲家院子里安家的一窝蛇捉住并放归大自然，她的捕蛇技术申请了发明专利。教师可以参考采用本书提供的下列教学步骤：Reading for forms；Copying and ma
4、king sentences；Reading to transform information；Reading the text for the type of writing and summary of The problem of the snakes；Reading to draw a diagram of the text and retell the test in your own words。 Period 2Learning about language 知识课Learning about Language要求学生熟练掌握过去分词做定语，表语和宾语补足语的用法。分为两部分，D
5、iscovering useful words and collocations是本单元的词汇练习题; Discovering useful structures是本单元的语法练习题。教师可以参考采用本书提供的下列教学步骤：Warming up by reading aloud to the recording of the text；Discovering useful words and collocations； Talking about the participle；Discovering useful structures；Closing down by singing a sna
6、ke song。Period 3Using language运用课Using Language 部分在阅读和听力材料中分别介绍了电话发明家亚力山大格雷厄姆贝尔以及当今发明家詹姆斯戴森的故事。并通过操练打电话和写求职信进一步训练学生说和写的能力。教师可以参考采用本书提供的下列教学步骤：Warming up by learning about Bells Telephone；Reading for forms；Copying and making sentences； Transforming information；Making a telephone call；Writing a letter
7、；Closing down by reading a poem。实际教学过程课时划分建议Period 1 将 Warming Up、 Pre-reading、Reading 和 Comprehending 整合在一起上一节“阅读课” 。Period 2 将 Learning about language 和 Workbook中的 USING WORDS AND COLLOCATIONS、USING STRUCTURES 整合在一起上一节“语言知识课” 。Period 3 将 Using language 设计为一节包括听说读写单项技能或组合技能训练的“综合技能课（一） ”。Period 4 将
8、 Workbook 的 READING AND LISTENING和 TALKING整合在一起上一节“听说课” 。Period 5 将 Workbook 的 LISTENING TASK、READING AND WRITING TASK和 SPEAKING TASK整合为一节“综合技能课（二） ”。第二部分教学资源说明Section 1Background 背景围绕单元话题“Festival around the world”， 金色教案提供了几则语言规范、短小精干的趣味性材料。这些材料既可以作为教师教学参考材料为教师所用，也可以直接或改写、重组后作为课堂内外的拓展性阅读材料呈现给学生。Sec
9、tion 2Explanation解析重点针对“阅读课型”中的课文难句， 金色教案不仅提供了详尽的，就句论句的解析和翻译，而且还以解析的焦点话题为线索，进行了一定的归纳、辨析和总结，以帮助教师更好地实施“语言形式”的教学。Section 3Vocabulary词汇按照课本单元词汇表顺序， 金色教案重点提供动词、短语搭配的讲解。所提供的例句，经典、地道、实用、易懂，完全可以直接用于教学。第三部分教学测评说明围绕单元词法、句法项目， 金色教案提供了长短不一的“单元教学测评” ，并备有参考答案供教师使用。有些测评题目直接源于历年高考试卷，更具有说服力和实用性。Part 1 Teaching Desi
10、gn第一部分 教学设计Period 1 A sample lesson plan for reading(THE PROBLEM OF THE SNAKES)IntroductionIn this period, after the warming up, students will first be guided to pre-read the text by talking about invention. Then they will read for forms, copy and making sentences, read to transform information, rea
11、d the text for the type of writing and summary of The problem of the snakes and read to draw a diagram of the text and retell the test in your own words. ObjectivesTo help students understand the texts forms and contents and learn about inventors and inventionsTo help students communicate on the top
12、ic in focus with the words, collocations and structures learned in this unitFocusWords distinguish， monitor，release， claim，file， bear， dot， tap，reproduce， Collocations call up， now and then， set about， in case，dive in，in truth， hang on， out of order， get through， ring back， ring offPatterns 1. Here
13、was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something that would catch snakes but not harm them. 2. This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again.3. The criteria are so strict that it is difficult for new ideas to be accepted unless they are truly novel. 4. “Leave the beate
14、n track occasionally and dive into the woods. 5. Every time you do you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before. 6. Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind. 7. All really big discoveries ar
15、e the result of thought.”Aids Multimedia facilities, tape-recorder, photos, diagramsProcedures1. Pre-reading by talking about intentionWhat is invention? Invention is the successful exploitation of new ideas, new objects. By reasoning, analyzing and experimenting new things and new ideas are invente
16、d for the benefits of the world. Look at the photo, please. This man is a great inventor called Thomas Edison.Thomas Edison received over 1000 U.S. patents, the most issued to any individual. Some people also credit him with an invention that received no patent: the modern corporate research laborat
17、ory. While this conclusion is arguable, his Menlo Park laboratory was intentionally designed to be an invention factory. It housed a large reference library, and often served to showcase the Wizards work. Some who worked in or visited the lab later became competitors.“box telephone” telegraph sewing
18、 machine light bulb2. Reading for forms Read the text again to: cut/ the sentence into thought groups, blacken the predicates, darken the connectives and underline all the useful collocations. 3. Copying and making sentencesThere are several different types of collocation made from combinations of v
19、erb, noun, adjective etc. Some of the most common types are: Adverb + Adjective: completely satisfied (NOT downright satisfied) Adjective + Noun: excruciating pain (NOT excruciating joy) Noun + Noun: a surge of anger (NOT a rush of anger) Noun + Verb: lions roar (NOT lions shout) Verb + Noun: commit
20、 suicide (NOT undertake suicide) Verb + Expression With Preposition: burst into tears (NOT blow up in tears) Verb + Adverb: wave frantically (NOT wave feverishly)You are asked to read the text for all the useful collocations and copy them into your Collocation Book after class as homework. You may m
21、ake your own sentences with each of these collocations.Collocations from THE PROBLEM OF THE SNAKEScall upon the telephone给打电话, in the countryside在农村, in our yard在院子里，come near the house走近房子, now and then时而、有时，make ones home here在这里安家, get rid of除掉, feel very proud感到自豪骄傲, a chance forto do某人做的机会, dis
22、tinguish oneself 显扬自己，使自己扬名, invent something发明某物, catch snakes捉住蛇, hurt these living creatures伤害这些生物, be designed to do旨在做 , a new approach新方法, set about doing着手开始做, research the habits of研究的习性, trapin the easiest way用最简易的方法捕, make the solution easier使问题比较容易解决 , be prepared with做准备, decide on决定, re
23、move ones habitat铲除的栖息地, attractinto a trap把引进陷阱, use male or female perfume or food用男人或女人用的香水或食物, become sleepy困乏, be easily caught容易被捉住, an ice-cream maker一个之冰激凌的器具, between the outside and inside walls of the bowl在碗的外壁和内壁, freeze hard冻结, on top of 在上方, cover the whole thing with用把整个罩住 , abruptly
24、disappear into a convenient hole突然一下子就消失在附近的洞里, adjust ones plan调整计划, leaveovernight把通宵放在, early the next morning第二天一早, see the result看结果, get down to do蹲下去做, improve ones design改进方案, repeat the earlier procedure重复上次程序, carry in ones hand手里拿着, a small net used for一个用来的小网, in the expectation that预料到,
25、 be monitored carefully仔细监视, go according to plan按计划进行, the passive snakes温顺的蛇, releaseall back into the wild全都释放到野外, be pressed by由于的督促, sendto the patent office把送到专利局, get recognition for给与认可, have the recognition取得认可, truly an inventor真正的发明者, in addition此外, get a patent去得专利, a scientific theory一种
26、科学理论, a mathematical model一种数学模式, a computer program一个电 脑程序, a large number of patent examiners一大批专利审查人员, ones application for申请, fill in the form填表, file ones patent application with the Patent Office向专利局提交申请书, succeed by the size of ones bank balance看某人的银行结余判断是否成功, wish luck祝好运5. Reading to transf
27、orm informationRead the text to find answers to the five questions listed in the table.THE PROBLEM OF THE SNAKESWhy was my mother upset? There are some snakes in our yard.Why did I feel very proud?Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something that would catch snakes but not h
28、arm themWhat was the first thing I tried to do?The first thing I tried to do was to see if there were products that might help me.What are the three possible approaches?Firstly, removing their habitat; secondly, attracting them into a trap using male or female perfume or food; and thirdly cooling th
29、em so that they became sleepy and could be easily caught.How many attempts did I make? I made three attempts.My first step:6. Reading the text for the type of writing and summary of The problem of the snakesDetermining the type of writing will help you determine the authors topic (subject), purpose
30、(why he is writing), style (how he should write) and tone (his attitude toward his subject - supportive, condeming, objective, etc.)It is important to find main ideas when reading. Main ideas help you remember important information. The main idea of a paragraph tells the topic of the paragraph. The
31、topic tells what all or most of the sentences are about. The other sentences in the paragraph are called details. Details describe or explain the main idea. Read the text to find the main idea. The problem of the snakesType of writing A narrationThe main idea of 1st paragraph“There are some snakes i
32、n our yard， ” she told me “Snakes come near the house now and then，and they seem to have made their home hereCan you get rid of them please？”The main idea of 2nd paragraphI set about researching the habits of snakes so I could trap them in the easiest way.The main idea of 3rd paragraphI decided on t
33、hree possible approaches: firstly, removing their habitat; secondly, attracting them into a trap using male or female perfume or food; and thirdly cooling them so that they became sleepy and could be easily caught. I decided to use the last one.The main idea of 4th paragraphThe snakes abruptly disap
34、peared into a convenient hole in the wall. So I had to adjust my plan.The main idea of 5th paragraphOnce picked up, the snakes tried to bite me. As they were poisonous snakes, I clearly needed to improve my design again.The main idea of 6th paragraphI collected the passive snakes and the next day we
35、 released them all back into the wildThe main idea of 7th paragraphPressed by my friends and relations，I decided to send my invention to the patent office to get recognition for my successful idea.The main idea of 8th paragraphNor will you receive a patent until a search has been made to find out th
36、at your product really is different from everybody elses.7. Reading to draw a diagram of the text and retell the test in your own wordsWriters structure, or organize, their writing in many different ways. Recognizing the way in which a text has been organized will help you understand its meaning mor
37、e fully. Inventing something that would catch snakes but not harm themCooling the snakes so that they became sleepy and could be easily caughtPlacing the frozen bowl and ice-cubes over the snakes habitat and covering the bowl with the bucket collecting the passive snakes and releasing them back into the wildFilling in the form and filing my patent application with the Patent OfficeTHE PROBLEM OF THE SNAKES
