1、Writing,Helen,2018/9/21,2,1 写作基本语法,（1）被动客观表达原则,例： As is seen from the picture, As is depicted in the picture It is vividly depicted in the picture that It is universally acknowledged that It is believed that （2）无缩写原则 Id like toI would like to cantcannotisntis not,2.1 替换词突破 2.1.1 常用词 to the best of m
2、y knowledge, I hold important: imperativeIt is imperative that (should) (建议) (3) show: unfoldIt is unfolded that (寓意) 2.1.2 例举, such as ,2018/9/21,Writing,3,2短文写作词句选择,2短文写作词句选择,2.2 写作功能句型 2.2.1 描述图画 （1）个体群体化原则1 两幅图片 Some, like +图中人物 in the picture, do sth, while others, like +图中人物 in the drawing, do
3、 sth. 一幅图片,2018/9/21,Writing,4,2短文写作词句选择,2.2 写作功能句型 2.2.1 描述图画 （1）个体群体化原则2 写作公式 Those who do sth. Those who tried every means to avoid their duty of looking after their elders should bear in mind that they are much indebted to their parents for their birth and growth.,2018/9/21,Writing,5,2.2 写作功能句型
4、2.2.1 描述图画 （2）双重否定原则 写作公式This picture reveals a not-uncommon phenomenon of+n./that+从句 2005This picture reveals a not-uncommon phenomenon of how elders are treated by their grown-up children in some of the families in China.,2018/9/21,Writing,2短文写作词句选择,2.2 写作功能句型 2.2.1 描述图画 （3）强调原则 写作公式It is that mak
5、es it adj. to do sth 2002 It is love that makes it possible to overcome all difficulties. 2008It is teamwork that makes it possible for them to go anywhere they want to.,2018/9/21,Writing,2短文写作词句选择,2.2 写作功能句型 2.2.1 描述图画 （4）广泛化原则1 写作公式It has been universally acknowledged that that anyone who wants to
6、 should possess. 众所周知，.是想要做的人必须具备的。 2008It has been universally acknowledged that the ability of teamwork is the most essential qualification that anyone who wants to achieve success should possess.,2018/9/21,Writing,8,2短文写作词句选择,2.2 写作功能句型 2.2.1 描述图画 （5）广泛化原则2 写作公式 写作公式 Of all the changes that have
7、taken place in during , perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline/sharp increase in . Of all the ，.is the most / the best. 2009 Of all the changes that have taken place in the communication means during the past half a century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorabl
8、e decline in face-to-face intercourse.,2018/9/21,Writing,9,2短文写作词句选择,（2）广泛化原则,2010 Of all the changes that have taken place in international culture during the past half a century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the sharp increase in culture blending.,2018/9/21,10,2008 Of all the changes tha
9、t have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.,2.2 写作功能句型 2.2.2 阐述寓意 （1）动词名词化原则1 写作公式The real implication/meaning/indication of the author/picture(s)
10、 is that 2003The real implication of the author is that everyone has to meet difficulties in their life experience, so we have to make adequate preparations for them.,2018/9/21,Writing,12,2短文写作词句选择,The author implies that.,2.2 写作功能句型 2.2.2 阐述寓意 （1）动词名词化原则2 写作公式 公式It is beyond imagination that 2003We
11、 cant imagine a society full of adults having the ability like seven-year-old children.It is beyond imagination that a society is full of adults .,2018/9/21,Writing,13,2短文写作词句选择,3短文写作思路形成,3.1 有图作文思路形成 三段安排 等边六边形结构三段论,2018/9/21,Writing,14,首段 3-4句,中间段5-6句,尾段 3-4句,3.1 图画描述段 三至四句(50-55词)：第一句对画面简单概括且配有同位
12、成分；第二三句描述画面内容（两幅图每幅图一句，一幅图找两个因素各一句）；第四句将图画下方中文翻译为英语（如果有） This is an interesting and thought-provoking picture which depicts/describes The picture shocks us beyond description in that it depicts/describes,2018/9/21,Writing,15,3短文写作思路形成,3.2 寓意说明段+原因分析段 （1）五至六句(80-90词)：第一句说明寓意(承上启下)；第二句说明原因如下；第三四句一个原因及
13、扩展；第五六句一个原因及扩展。 具体化切忌以理说理。 （2）常见原因法律法规不完善、教育体制不健全、个人意识较薄弱(选一，原创一),2018/9/21,Writing,16,3短文写作思路形成,常见原因,The lack of serious punishment according to the laws and regulations is the core reason of , which provides the chances for people to do the misdeeds/wrongdoings. Peoples awareness is not that stron
14、g in , which is decisive to the phenomenon. The distorted/insufficient/inadequate education may lead to the pervasiveness of ,2018/9/21,Writing,17,3.2 寓意说明段+原因分析段 （1）五至六句(80-90词)：第一句说明寓意(承上启下)；第二句说明原因如下；第三四句一个原因及扩展；第五六句一个原因及扩展。 具体化切忌以理说理。 （2）常见原因法律法规不完善、教育体制不健全、个人意识较薄弱(选一，原创一) （3）扩展方式举例论证、数据论证、借用常识、
15、引用权威、结果推导,2018/9/21,Writing,18,3短文写作思路形成,（1）举例论证 For example, for instance, take for example, provides an illustration. （2）数据论证 As is shown in the statistics of a recent survey launched by a non-profit institution, the increase/decline of is so prominent that the results caused by it may be conclude
16、d as follows. The national statistics on indicate ,原因扩展方式,(3) 借用常识 As is known to everyone, . It is of everyones commonsense that . (4) 引用权威 As an influential person puts it, “”. (原因), which echoes a famous persons remark, “”. (5) 结果推导 Hence, the results caused by it may be concluded as follows.,原因扩
17、展方式,3.2寓意说明+原因分析段,原因分析常用过渡句：The following reasons may be responsible for the meaning deduced above.There are two main reasons accounting for the symbolic meaning.The main reason for the phenomenon is that. Another major reason is thatIt is mainly because .It is partly decided by the fact that,2018/9
18、/21,Writing,21,3.3 寓意说明+举例说明,举例说明常用过渡句：Abundant of examples would demonstrate the phenomenon, while the following one, I suppose, would suffice.Here is an example.Take for an example/instance. provides us with a great example.,2018/9/21,Writing,22,3.4 建议措施段,三至四句(50-55词)：第一句过渡词(accordingly, as is men
19、tioned above插入)引出重复论点；第二句改善建议(消极意义)或提升方式(积极意义)；第三句表明期待结果。 改善建议常用表达方式：It is high time that (did) It is imperative for that (should) (3) 提升方式常用表达方式：As enhancing the sense of , we would benefit more from ,2018/9/21,Writing,23,2.5 建议措施段,(4) 表明期待结果常用表达方式：Only in this way/by doing this can we both and emb
20、race a brighter tomorrow.,2018/9/21,Writing,24,2006年范文As is vividly depicted in the photos above, a man writes Beckhams name on his face, and the other spends 300 Yuan making a Beckhams hairstyle. Undoubtedly, the photos have subtly reflected the social phenomenon that idol worship is prevalent amon
21、g the youth nowadays. Beckham represents the image of sport hero whose handsome appearance and unparalleled football skills are passionately adored by all the sports fans. Likewise, several teenage girls won their fame overnight in The 2005 Super Girl Contest in China, which provoked nationwide nois
22、y debates on the value and harm of admiring these idols. Generally speaking, young people are inclined to adore the people who excel in appearance, intelligence or talent.,In my opinion, idol worship, the thought-provoking social phenomenon, is a double-edged sword which can deeply influence the gro
23、wth of young people. If we simply worship the idols by imitating their hairstyles or pursuing fashions unreasonably, the obsession will certainly waste us a great deal of money or time, endangering the efficiency of our work. On the contrary, we will lead a positive and fruitful life if we endeavor
24、to improve ourselves by bridging the gap between our models and us. Therefore, the latter attitude should be adopted to direct our way of life.,As is depicted in the picture, a car, with a beer bottle on it, is steering by a drunk driver at a fast speed. The cartoon reveals a not uncommon social phe
25、nomenon as it is entitled: safety awareness, social responsibility and drunk drive.,The following reasons may be responsible for the meaning deduced above. For one thing, The lack of serious punishment according to the laws and regulations is the core reason , which provides the chances for people t
26、o do the misdeeds. For another, Peoples awareness is not that strong in the serious results of drunk drive, which is decisive to the phenomenon.,It is high time that we sought the solution to the problem. On the one hand, government should set more laws and regulations to punish drunk drivers, on the other, people should enhance their safety awareness of protecting themselves as well as the others. Only by doing these can we solve the problem and embrace a bright future.,
