1、Annual straw consumption is about 300 (15x20) million tons to 450 (15x30) million tonnes. Around each plant to town for curing Center straw briquette factory, about 30, curing each straw briquette factory production capacity of 10,000 tons per year, production of major products supply power plants a
2、nd the rest as ordinary fuel. Chapter III, section I industry investment analysis investment benefit analysis, industry profitability industry benchmark yield to 12%, more than a moderate level of profitability, have higher profitability. Secondly, solvency, with good profitability and, hence, have
3、enough liquidity. Three biomass energy resource in China, industry growth prospects are very experienced and bright prospects for development of biomass power generation industry. On one hand, the sown area of 1.8 billion mu of crops, the year produces 700 million tons of matter. Apart from the part
4、s used in papermaking and livestock feed, and the rest will be done fuel use. The other hand, Chinas current forest area of about 175 million hectares, the forest coverage rate of 18.21%, every year through normal Bush stumping rejuvenation, forest thinning, hedgerow fruit trees and the collection o
5、f forest felling, bucking, processing residues, biomass resources available at about 800 million to 1 billion tons. Theory of biomass energy resource in China close to 1.5 billion tons of standard coal. By 2020, the biomass energy development and utilization of capacity of 500 million tons of standa
6、rd coal, equivalent to more than 15% supplies. And extremely low sulphur content of the biomass 0.3%, 1/4 not to the sulphur content of the coal. Development of biomass solid fuels, implement coal alternatives, significantly reduces the carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions, have a significant
7、 environmental benefit. Second section industry investment opportunities for promoted health material energy of steadily development, September 2006, Treasury, and national development and Reform Committee, and Ministry of agriculture, and national tax General, and national forestry Council joint in
8、troduced has on development biological quality energy and biological chemical tax support policy of implementation views, in risk avoid and compensation, and raw materials base grants, and model grants, and tax relief, aspects for development biological quality energy and biological chemical develop
9、ed has specific of tax support policy. In addition, since the renewable energy law came into effect on January 1, 2006, making a complete set of administrative rules and regulations also promulgated. On October 4, 2006 of the Ministry of the interim measures for the administration of special funds f
10、or renewable energy development, the approach of special funds to support key, application and approval, financial management, checking and supervision of comprehensive provisions. The regulations: development of special funds established by the financial departments of the State Council, the use of
11、 special funds for the development include free grants and subsidized loans, through the central financial budget. According to the role of biomass energy and the countrys status quo, is currently focused on the development of the project are as follows: (1) recent development priorities: biomass ga
12、sification and gas, biomass gasification power generation, large biogas, biomass direct combustion heating (2) medium-and long-term development projects: height of biomass gasification power generation project (BIG/CC), the production of hydrogen from biomass such as resource in China close to 1.5 b
13、illion tons of standard coal. By 2020, the biomass energy development and utilization of capacity of 500 million tons of standard coal, equivalent to more than 15% supplies. And extremely low sulphur content of the biomass 0.3%, 1/4 not to the sulphur content of the coal. Development of biomass soli
14、d fuels, implement coal alternatives, significantly reduces the carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions, have a significant environmental benefit. Second section industry investment opportunities for promoted health material energy of steadily development, September 2006, Treasury, and national
15、development and Reform Committee, and Ministry of agriculture, and national tax General, and national forestry Council joint introduced has on development biological quality energy and biological chemical tax support policy of implementation views, in risk avoid and compensation, and raw materials b
16、ase grants, and model grants, and tax relief, aspects for development biological quality energy and biological chemical developed has specific of tax support policy. In addition, since theAdded. Finally, foreign investment risk, there are also opportunities. Financial crisis caused the stock and cor
17、porate bond prices plummeted, early Chinese banks foreign exchange assets in the foreign exchange reserves investment and losses, but at present the international prices of many financial assets in a low, to promote foreign mergers and acquisitions in China and promoting enterprise “going out“ diver
18、sified cooperation, actively explore overseas resources and markets and opportunities. Meanwhile, in response to the adverse impact of world economic crisis on China, the State Council announced 10 measures to expand domestic demand and promote growth over the next two years the implementation of th
19、ese measures will take about 4 trillion yuan central budget support. The 4 trillion yuan investment has an inkling, transportation, forestry, water conservancy, peoples livelihood, environmental protection and other areas will be skewed. Increased investment will play a significant role in promoting
20、 Chinas economic growth, at the same time, there should be other pro-growth measures rolled out. A series of positive measures by the State and function of 4 trillion the Central Treasury, our economy will be sustained, stable and rapid development gradually. Section II market analysis of technical
21、feasibility of biomass fuel shaping technology and equipment is the core of industrialization of biomass briquette fuel. Biomass briquetting technology refers to a certain temperature and under pressure, will be scattered and various shapes of biomass raw materials into high density, with a variety
22、of fuels technology. Biomass briquetting equipment including screw-extrusion molding machines, mechanical piston stamping forming machine, ring die-roll and hydraulic piston stamping molding machines. Mechanical piston forming and hydraulic piston forming machine total up production efficiency low e
23、nergy high, former of productivity low, actual productivity in 100-200 kg, main work parts life low not for industrialization production; which main work parts life long, but highest production capacity lower energy high; from technology index view, ring die roll pressure type forming machine produc
24、tion rate highest, energy low, products cost low, while technology content also high, for Yu scale production promotion. Since in the 1980 of the 20th century, Chinas bio-technology research and development have made great progress, national research and production equipment of enterprises or resear
25、ch institutes has dozens of homes. Chinas industrialization of biomass briquette fuel prototype is formed, however, to be mature and realize industrialization, you first need to overcome some constraints, some technical obstacles. Includes the main working parts of the short working life, poor abili
26、ty to coordinate equipment systems, running unstable, and so on. Also, due to the lack of effective industrial practices, solid biomass industry is still in its infancy in China. Biomass fuel shaping technology, stable performance and low power consumption of the device is the core of industrializat
27、ion of biomass fuel, good industry and the Governments support and the necessary funding is a prerequisite for industrialization of biomass briquette fuel. To compress biomass briquette processing cost, you will need to yield power, vulnerable performance and low cost, labor cost, control three aspe
28、cts. Meanwhile, burning of biomass is also on the industrys core technology, generally, because of biomass fuels to replace coal, can be used, in fact, due to biomass水性聚氨酯的基本知识及研究进展刘淑芳 化工 1 班 040903215摘要：水性聚氨酯具有良好的物理机械性能、耐寒性、耐有机溶剂，但是由于分子链上含有亲水链使得水性聚氨酯耐水性差、固含量低、光泽差。关键词：水性聚氨酯，甲苯二异氰酸酯前言：水性聚氨酯（PU）是以水代替了
29、传统的有机溶剂让聚氨酯溶解于水或者分散于水中而形成的一种聚氨酯树脂。由于水为分散介质具有不燃、气味小、节能、操作方便、不污染环境减少了聚氨酯生产过程中有害气体对环境的污染，符合绿色化学的发展要求，并降低了生产成本等优点，已受到人们的广泛重视。本文通过认真听李晓教授在课上的讲座及作者在课后查找资料，简要记述了水性聚氨酯的基本知识、包括分子结构、沿革发展、主要应用、制备方法等内容。1. 水性聚氨酯概述聚氨酯（PU）是聚氨基甲酸酯的简称。结构是 CO-NH-R-NH-CO-O-R-On 根据所用原料官能团数目的不同，可以是线性结构或体型结构。水性聚氨酯是指聚氨酯荣誉水或者分散于水中而形成的一种聚氨酯
30、树脂（WPU） 。2. 水性聚氨酯的沿革2.1.1 异氰酸酯简介异氰酸酯是异氰酸的各种酯的总称，若以NCO 基团的数量分类，包括单异氰酸酯 RN=C=O 和二异氰酸酯 O=C=NRN=C=O 及多异氰酸酯等。单异氰酸酯是有机合成的重要中间体，可制成一系列氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂、杀菌剂、除草剂，也用于改进塑料、织物、皮革等的防水性。 二官能团及以上的异氰酸酯可用于合成一系列性能优良的聚氨酯泡沫塑料、橡胶、弹力纤维、涂料、胶粘剂、合成革、人造木材等。目前应用最广、产量最大的是有：甲苯二异氰酸酯（Toluene Diisocyanate，简称 TDI）；二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯（Methylenediphe
31、nyl Diisocyanate，简称 MDI。在李晓教授实验使用主要就是甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI），本文主要介绍甲 苯 二 异 氰 酸 酯 （ TDI） 为 无 色 有 强 烈 刺 鼻 味 的 液 体 ，沸 点 251C， 比 重 1.22， 遇 光 变 黑 ， 对 皮 肤 、 眼 睛 有 强 烈 刺 激 作 用 ， 并 可引 起 湿 疹 与 支 气 管 哮 喘 ， 主 要 用 于 聚 氨 酯 泡 沫 塑 料 、 涂 料 、 合 成 橡 胶 、 绝缘 漆 、 粘 合 剂 等 。2.1.2 异 氰 酸 酯 的 工 业 化 阶 段 ：1849 德 国 人 伍 兹 用 烷 基 硫 酸 盐 与 氰 酸
32、 钾 进 行 氰 酸 钾 进 行 复 分 解 反 应得 到 脂 肪 族 异 氰 酸 酯1850 赫 夫 曼 用 二 苯 基 甲 酰 胺 合 成 出 芳 香 族 异 氰 酸 酯1884 亨 切 尔 用 胺 用 胺 用 胺 及 其 盐 与 光 气 反 应 制 成 了 异 氰 酸 酯 ， 奠 定了 工 业 化 基 础 。Annual straw consumption is about 300 (15x20) million tons to 450 (15x30) million tonnes. Around each plant to town for curing Center straw br
33、iquette factory, about 30, curing each straw briquette factory production capacity of 10,000 tons per year, production of major products supply power plants and the rest as ordinary fuel. Chapter III, section I industry investment analysis investment benefit analysis, industry profitability industry
34、 benchmark yield to 12%, more than a moderate level of profitability, have higher profitability. Secondly, solvency, with good profitability and, hence, have enough liquidity. Three biomass energy resource in China, industry growth prospects are very experienced and bright prospects for development
35、of biomass power generation industry. On one hand, the sown area of 1.8 billion mu of crops, the year produces 700 million tons of matter. Apart from the parts used in papermaking and livestock feed, and the rest will be done fuel use. The other hand, Chinas current forest area of about 175 million
36、hectares, the forest coverage rate of 18.21%, every year through normal Bush stumping rejuvenation, forest thinning, hedgerow fruit trees and the collection of forest felling, bucking, processing residues, biomass resources available at about 800 million to 1 billion tons. Theory of biomass energy r
37、esource in China close to 1.5 billion tons of standard coal. By 2020, the biomass energy development and utilization of capacity of 500 million tons of standard coal, equivalent to more than 15% supplies. And extremely low sulphur content of the biomass 0.3%, 1/4 not to the sulphur content of the co
38、al. Development of biomass solid fuels, implement coal alternatives, significantly reduces the carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions, have a significant environmental benefit. Second section industry investment opportunities for promoted health material energy of steadily development, Septembe
39、r 2006, Treasury, and national development and Reform Committee, and Ministry of agriculture, and national tax General, and national forestry Council joint introduced has on development biological quality energy and biological chemical tax support policy of implementation views, in risk avoid and co
40、mpensation, and raw materials base grants, and model grants, and tax relief, aspects for development biological quality energy and biological chemical developed has specific of tax support policy. In addition, since the renewable energy law came into effect on January 1, 2006, making a complete set
41、of administrative rules and regulations also promulgated. On October 4, 2006 of the Ministry of the interim measures for the administration of special funds for renewable energy development, the approach of special funds to support key, application and approval, financial management, checking and su
42、pervision of comprehensive provisions. The regulations: development of special funds established by the financial departments of the State Council, the use of special funds for the development include free grants and subsidized loans, through the central financial budget. According to the role of bi
43、omass energy and the countrys status quo, is currently focused on the development of the project are as follows: (1) recent development priorities: biomass gasification and gas, biomass gasification power generation, large biogas, biomass direct combustion heating (2) medium-and long-term developmen
44、t projects: height of biomass gasification power generation project (BIG/CC), the production of hydrogen from biomass such as resource in China close to 1.5 billion tons of standard coal. By 2020, the biomass energy development and utilization of capacity of 500 million tons of standard coal, equiva
45、lent to more than 15% supplies. And extremely low sulphur content of the biomass 0.3%, 1/4 not to the sulphur content of the coal. Development of biomass solid fuels, implement coal alternatives, significantly reduces the carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions, have a significant environmental
46、benefit. Second section industry investment opportunities for promoted health material energy of steadily development, September 2006, Treasury, and national development and Reform Committee, and Ministry of agriculture, and national tax General, and national forestry Council joint introduced has on
47、 development biological quality energy and biological chemical tax support policy of implementation views, in risk avoid and compensation, and raw materials base grants, and model grants, and tax relief, aspects for development biological quality energy and biological chemical developed has specific
48、 of tax support policy. In addition, since theAdded. Finally, foreign investment risk, there are also opportunities. Financial crisis caused the stock and corporate bond prices plummeted, early Chinese banks foreign exchange assets in the foreign exchange reserves investment and losses, but at prese
49、nt the international prices of many financial assets in a low, to promote foreign mergers and acquisitions in China and promoting enterprise “going out“ diversified cooperation, actively explore overseas resources and markets and opportunities. Meanwhile, in response to the adverse impact of world economic crisis on China, the State Council announced 10 measures to expand domestic demand and promote growth over the next two years the implementation of these measures will take about 4 trillion yuan central budget support. The 4 trillion yuan investment has a
